原位杂交法检测肝组织中输血传播病毒

采用对称和不对称PCR法 ,以地高辛素标记双链和单链探针 ,用原位杂交法检测了 56例肝组织中输血传播病毒 (TTV)核酸 ,以探讨TTV的致病性。发现 51例非甲～非庚型肝炎肝组织中TTV总检出率为 2 7.5% ( 1 4 /51 ) ;5例非肝炎肝组织杂交阴性。TTVDNA主要定位于肝细胞核内 ,受染肝细胞见于急性、慢性和重症肝炎的肝组织。双链探针杂交结果与单链探针检测病毒基因链的结果一致 ,2例 ( 2 /6)例组织TTV基因链与互补链同时存在。提示TTV是导致肝炎的一种新病原 ,并且在肝脏内有复制     

HSV-2潜伏感染激活人神经母细胞瘤细胞中siRNA对LAT ORF的抑制作用

目的 探讨单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)潜伏感染复发中LAT基因ORF的siRNA对LAT表达的抑制作用.方法 设计3对siRNA,激活诱导后转染SH-SY5Y细胞,相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化,RT-PCR半定量检测转染前后LAT ORF表达改变.结果 LAT ORF-siRNA转染细胞后,LAT ORF mRNA的表达水平转染后24,48和72h分别减少了39%,51%和60%.结论 LAT ORF-siRNA能够抑制HSV-2 LAT ORF的表达.     

经典型Kaposi肉瘤CD164,c-myc的检测

目的探讨差异表达基因在经典型Kaposi肉瘤(KS)中的作用,为揭示KS的发病机制提供新的思路。方法采集经典型KS肿瘤组织、来源于同一患者的正常皮肤组织及血清。运用巢式PCR检测是否感染了人类8型疱疹病毒(HHV-8)。利用抑制性差减杂交(SSH)技术分析KS肿瘤组织差异基因表达谱。结果患者HHV-8检测阳性,在KS肿瘤组织中差异表达的基因28条,包括基因CD164,c-myc。结论基因CD164,c-myc在KS发病机制中可能发挥一定作用,此作用可能与HHV-8病毒感染存在一定的关系。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对骨质疏松的治疗作用

骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)已被证明具有多向分化潜能、自我更新并能诱导分化成多种细胞类型的功能。骨髓间充质干细胞作为一种治疗骨质疏松的新方法,可以有效增加局部骨量,提高骨密度,增强骨强度,为治疗骨质疏松症提供新策略,已经成为再生医学很有前途的研究领域。     

High oxygen environment during pregnancy rescues sickle cell anemia mice from prenatal death

Several mouse models of sickle cell disease have been developed for the study of the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease and the investigation of drug and gene therapies. In previous years, we produced a sickle cell anemia mouse model in which the endogenous mouse α- and β-globin genes were knocked out and replaced by the human α- and β^s-globin transgenes. The β^s-globin gene was contained in a 240 kb YAC that preserved the entire native genomic context of the β-globin locus. These mice have hemolytic anemia, reticulocytosis and irreversible sickle cells in the peripheral blood, as well as other pathological features of sickle cell disease. However, in the embryo, the γ-globin, like the mouse embryonic globin, declined quickly, and was replaced by β^s-globin expression from 12 days of gestation. The low level of fetal hemoglobin expression in utero led to intrauterine sickling and fetal death so that very few live-born sickle cell anemia mice could be obtained. To rescue these mice from intrauterine death, we investigated the effect of placing the pregnant mothers in a high O₂ environment. From the tenth day of gestation onwards, we placed the mothers into a chamber containing 50% O₂ and kept them with the newborn pups in it for another 10 days after birth. The frequency of sickle cell anemia mice we obtained was increased from less than 2% to 35%. The survived sickle cell anemia mice develop congestion, atrophy, and infarcts in multiple organs similar to those found in patients with sickle cell disease. We conclude that a high oxygen environment can be used to obtain more sickle cell anemia mice in those models that have a high perinatal mortality. The higher yield of these mice has facilitated physiological and therapeutic studies of sickle cell anemia.     

Enterochromaffin and serotonin cells are abnormal for patients with colonic inertia

PURPOSE: In recent studies, serotonin and several gut peptides have been shown to serve as regulators of colonic transit. Thus, the distribution, density, and intensity of cells secreting serotonin or certain gut peptides could be abnormal in patients with colonic inertia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution, density, and staining intensity of enterochromaffin and serotonin cells in the colonic mucosa of patients with colonic inertia compared with a control group. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1998 tissue blocks from the right and left side of the colon were obtained in 19 consecutive patients (18 females; mean age, 43.7±11.5 years) who underwent subtotal colectomy for colonic inertia. The control group consisted of colonoscopic biopsies from the right and left colon of 15 patients (all females; mean age, 52.7±16.5 years) for indications other then constipation, inflammatory bowel diseases, or carcinoma. Immunocytochemical staining of enterochromaffin and serotonin cells were performed on 4 µm tissue sections with the primary rabbit antibody against chromogranin A or serotonin, and the biotinylated secondary antibody and enzyme-labeled-streptavidin. The average cell number per microscopic field (×200) was calculated and the proportion of cells with various staining distribution was expressed as the percentage of the entire positive cell population as low, moderate, and high intensity. Student'st-test and chi-squared test were used for statistical analysis, with significance level set atP<0.05. RESULTS: The quantity of both enterochromaffin cells (16.8±10.2) and serotonin cells (12.1±6.4) in the mucosa of the left colon in patients with colonic inertia was significantly higher when compared with the right side of the colon (enterochromaffin cells, 9.4±6.0; serotonin cells, 7.8±3.6;P<0.01). The percentage of both types of cells with low staining intensity was increased, whereas the cells with high and moderate staining intensity were decreased (P<0.01) in the left colon as compared with the right. The number of enterochromaffin cells in left-sided colonic mucosa was significantly higher in the colonic inertia group than in the control group (16.8±10.1vs. 10.4±6.0;P<0.05). Moreover, the numbers of serotonin cells in both the right and left colon was also significantly higher in the colonic inertia group than in the control group (right, 7.8±3.6vs. 4.1±2.4; left, 12.1±6.4vs. 5.8±3.7;P<0.01). In both sides of the colon, the percentage of enterochromaffin and serotonin cells with low staining was significantly higher, whereas percentage of those cells with high or moderate staining was significantly lower in the colonic inertia group than in the control group. In the colonic inertia group there was a significantly positive correlation between numbers of enterochromaffin and serotonin cells (right side,P<0.01; left side,P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with colonic inertia, the number of both enterochromaffin and serotonin cells are significantly increased in the colonic mucosa, especially in the left colon. As indicated by staining distribution, enterochromaffin and serotonin cells contain significantly less hormone than do the same cells in the control group.Funded in part by a grant from the Eleanor Naylor Dana Charitable Trust.Read at The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons' 100th Anniversary and Tripartite Meeting, Washington, D.C., May 1 to 6, 1999.     

基层医院开展TST治疗重度混合痔临床疗效与价值

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨选择性痔上粘膜切除术(TST)治疗重度混合痔在基层医院的临床应用效果及价值。方法〓对我院2011年1月~2012年6月收治的102例重度混合痔患者进行回顾性分析,102例患者根据意愿中,48例施行TST术,54例行传统外剥内扎术(M-M术),观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果〓TST组的术中出血量及住院时间均少于M-M组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);TST组在术后疼痛、伤口水肿、排尿困难及复发率方面均优于M-M组;两组手术时间差异无统计学意义。结论〓由于TST是治疗重度混合痔的安全、有效、微创等特点,在基层医院开展患者能够接受。     

唑来膦酸连续2年治疗绝经后女性骨质疏松临床观察

目的：观察唑来膦酸连续2年治疗绝经后女性骨质疏松的疗效、急性发热反应情况及其相关因素分析。方法回顾性分析我科2010年7月至2013年7月连续2年静脉使用唑来膦酸5mg滴注治疗绝经后女性骨质疏松患者共46人。年龄60～74岁,平均年龄（66．87±6．77）岁。观察每次急性期发热出现比例及每例患者前后2次药物输注后发热出现情况。比较治疗第1年、第2年骨质疏松差异及甲状旁腺激素、血清钙差异。结果46例患者中第1次输注唑来膦酸共观察到20人发热,占43．4％,次年输注唑来膦酸仅1例出现发热,发热组治疗前甲状旁腺激素水平显著高于无发热组（ P＜0．05）。第2次输注前甲状旁腺激素、血清钙较第1年输注前均无显著差异（ P＞0．05）,第2次输注前骨密度监测腰椎及全髋T值较第1次有所改善（P＜0．05）。结论绝经后女性骨质疏松患者连续静脉用唑来膦酸治疗对骨密度有改善,首次治疗出现急性期发热反应并不少见,但均为一过性,次年均可耐受。治疗前PTH水平可能与发热反应相关。     

颞骨解剖变异的高分辨率CT研究

目的 分析颞骨解剖变异发生率,为耳科手术提供参考依据。方法 回顾性分析健康志愿者（76例152耳）和病理证实慢性化脓性中耳炎患者（66例96耳）颞骨横断面、冠状面高分辨率CT（HRCT）,统计以下解剖变异发生率：①颈静脉窝高位;②颈静脉球裸露;③乙状窦前位：④颅中窝脑板低位;⑤鼓室盖不连续;⑥鼓窦缺如;⑦异位颈内动脉：⑧大鼓室窦。结果 正常对照组、病变组、气化良好组和气化不良组中,颈静脉窝高位发生率右侧均高于左侧（P〈0．05）,发生率分别为46．0％和26．2％。病变组乙状窦前位（32．3％）发生率高于正常对照组（15．8％,P〈0．05）,气化不良组（43．5％）高于气化良好组（11．3％,P〈0．05）。气化良好组鼓室盖不连续（18．0％）发生率高于气化不良组（8．7％,P〈0．05）。颈静脉球裸露、颅中窝脑板低位、鼓窦缺如、异位颈内动脉、大鼓室窦发生率在组内和组间均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,发生率分别为2．0％、21．8％、1．2％、4‰、8‰。结论 术前HRCT可明确颞骨解剖变异,对减少手术并发症发生率有重要临床价值。     

微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗掌指骨骨折

目的:评价微型钢板螺钉治疗掌、指骨骨折效果。方法:采用微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗21人共28例骨折。男12例,女9例;掌骨17例,指骨11例;单纯骨折7例,有合并伤12例;闭合性骨折9例,开放性骨折19例。骨干部骨折用4-6孔微型钢板固定,干骺部骨折用“T”、“L”形或髁微型钢板固定,长斜形、螺旋形或关节内骨折用螺钉加压固定。术后即行主、被动活动,随访2月~11个月。结果:根据TAF评分,术后18例关节活动达到优秀,其中掌骨骨折14例,指骨骨折4例;开放性骨折6例,闭合性骨折8例。9例发生了并发症,其中掌骨2例,指骨7例;开放性骨折7例,闭合性骨折2例。结论:微型钢板及螺钉为掌指骨骨折提供了牢稳的固定,有利于早期功能康复训练,获得了较好的手功能恢复。