重庆市医用放射工作人员非癌发病探讨

目的 研究职业X射线暴露对放射工作人员非癌疾病的影响。方法 选取1980年普查四川省重庆市辖区内医用X射线工作者为调查对象。2020年,选取之前的91家医疗机构,分布在重庆市41个区县,其中三级医疗机构53家,运用前瞻性队列研究的方法,第5次随访1980年重庆市医用X射线放射工作人员(放射组)和同医院同时期非放射科工作人员(对照组)的个人信息、职业射线接触情况、疾病史等信息。分析该队列各系统疾病发病率、各系统疾病相对危险度(RR)及其95%置信区间。结果 该队列共计937人,共统计非癌疾病359例。放射组与对照组相比,其心血管系统、眼科和其他未分类疾病的相对危险度(RR)分别为1.50、2.03和2.64(χ²=5.97、3.97、4.25,P <0.05)。调整混杂因素的结果显示,女性放射组中心血管系统、眼科和消化系统等疾病发病率的RR普遍高于对照组(RR=2.33、2.59、7.55;χ²=7.28、4.17、8.64,P<0.05);在25~29岁参加工作人员中,放射组成员心血管系统、眼科等疾病发病率的RR普遍高于对照组(RR=2.26、5.07;χ²=8.22、4.91,P<0.05);累积剂量分组中,放射组与对照组比较,心血管系统、眼科和消化系统等疾病发病率的RR普遍较高(RR=1.86、2.91、3.59;χ²=9.83、8.21、5.58,P<0.05)。结论 受到长期职业照射的X射线工作者非癌发病危险增高,其中心血管系统、消化系统、眼科疾病等发病危险可能与这种职业照射有关。     

肺癌放疗患者症状性放射性肺炎预测的CT影像组学研究

目的:基于肺癌患者放疗前的CT影像组学特征,综合临床信息与放疗剂量学特征,利用机器学习方法构建症状性放射性肺炎的预测模型。方法:回顾性收集2018年11月至2020年4月在江南大学附属医院接受放疗的103例肺癌患者的临床与剂量学资料。获取这些患者放疗前胸部CT影像,勾画双侧正常肺组织结构,提取250种影像组学特征。用单...     

基于剂量预测的个性化放射治疗计划质量的定量评价方法

目的:提出一种基于剂量预测的放射治疗计划质量定量评价方法,并验证该方法的临床可行性和临床价值。方法:基于45例5年以上从业经验的物理师制定的直肠癌病例,训练3D U-Net网络。利用3D U-Net网络预测得到三维剂量分布后,基于剂量预测的剂量-体积直方图(DVH)指标,建立调强放射治疗(IMRT)直肠癌计划质量评估标...     

短期加用替罗非班在支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞梭形动脉瘤中的安全性与有效性研究

目的评估支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞梭形动脉瘤术中及术后24 h内,在标准双抗血小板治疗的基础上,短期应用小剂量替罗非班在降低缺血并发症方面的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾分析我中心2015年1月至2020年12月颅内未破裂梭形动脉瘤接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,并在手术过程中及术后24 h内静脉接受替罗非班（0.1 μg/kg/min）预防血小板聚集的患者资料。记录并分析围手术期并发症,动脉瘤栓塞程度及术后3个月随访时的mRS评分。 结果本研究共纳入38例患者,39枚动脉瘤,动脉瘤平均直径（6.4±2.1）mm。其中,26枚动脉瘤接受了单支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,13枚动脉瘤接受了双支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗。术后即刻78.9%（30/38）的动脉瘤实现完全栓塞;在26例接受脑血管造影复查的患者中,92.3%（24/26）的患者动脉瘤实现完全闭塞。围手术期缺血并发症发生率为7.9%（3/38）;无出血并发症发生。3个月随访的良好预后率为97.4%（37/38） （mRS评分为0~1分）。 结论支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞梭形动脉瘤术中及术后24 h内,静脉加用小剂量替罗非班未增加出血并发症。但是,由于样本量偏少,缺少对比,在降低缺血并发症方面的有效性尚需进一步证实。     

肝癌TACE术中应用利多卡因的效果观察

目的观察肝癌TACE术注入栓塞剂前应用利多卡因联合规范围手术期护理,对包括老年人群在内的肝癌患者的镇痛效果及对睡眠和生活质量的影响。 方法将100例拟行TACE术肝癌患者,按入院先后顺序分为两组各50例。两组均给予规范围手术期护理,观察组在TACE术中注入栓塞剂前一次性注入盐酸利多卡因注射液100 mg,对照组在注入栓塞剂前不注入利多卡因。两组均采用疼痛评分（视觉模拟评分法）、癌症患者生活质量量表、Spiegel量表评估两组术前、术后24 h疼痛、生活质量、睡眠情况。 结果两组术前生活质量评分、Spiegel量表评分比较及疼痛评分均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。术后24 h生活质量评分,观察组（35.08 ± 9.50）与对照组（38.72 ± 10.9）比较无统计学意义（P > 0.05）,观察组优于对照组;术后24 h Spiegel量表评分,观察组（11.56 ± 2.31）与对照组（9.02 ± 2.69）比较均有统计学意义（P < 0.001）,观察组优于对照组;术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分,观察组（2.38 ± 1.47）与对照组（4.08 ± 1.59）比较有统计学意义（P < 0.001）,观察组优于对照组。 结论TACE术中注入栓塞剂前应用利多卡因联合规范围手术期护理,可以减轻肝癌患者包括老年人群在内的术后疼痛,改善其睡眠质量。     

Management of drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis with a combination of surgery and individualised chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of thirty-five patients

Purpose

Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a major public-health concern globally and can be difficult to manage clinically. Spinal tuberculosis is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, there have been few reports on the topic of drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and drug susceptibility patterns and the outcomes of management with a combination of surgery and individualised chemotherapy, for drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 35 patients with drug-resistant tuberculous spondylitis. After surgery, individualised chemotherapy was tailored for each patient according to the drug-resistance profile and previous history of chemotherapy. The patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for an average period of 35.8 months.

Results

Among 35 drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis cases, 13 were retreatment cases. Twelve were multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and 23 were non-MDR-TB. The patients with MDR-TB and non-MDR-TB had undergone previous chemotherapy for an average of 14.50 ± 2.00 (0–60) months and 4.56 ± 1.54 (0–74) months, respectively. A total of 32 cases underwent open operations, and the other three had percutaneous drainage and local chemotherapy. Patients received individualised chemotherapy for an average of 23.6 months postoperatively. Local recurrence was observed in six patients. Thirty-three patients had been cured at the final follow-up, and the other two were still receiving chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Drug-resistant tuberculous spondylitis is mainly acquired through previous irregular chemotherapy and the spreading of drug-resistant strains. Management with a combination of surgery and individualised chemotherapy is feasible in the treatment of severe complications and the prevention of acquired drug resistance.     

Cauda equina hemangioblastoma at L5 vertebral level related to von Hippel-Lindau disease

Hemangioblastoma (HB) is uncommon, with only a few cases of hemangioblastoma with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) located in cauda equina previously reported. We describe a case of hemangioblastoma misdiagnosed as nerve sheath tumour in the cauda equina.     

Postoperative spinal alignment remodeling in Lenke 1C scoliosis treated with selective thoracic fusion

Background contextSelective thoracic fusion may cause spinal imbalance in certain patients; how the spinal alignment changes over time after surgery is highly correlated with the final spinal balance.PurposeTo investigate how spinal alignment changes over time after selective thoracic fusion and how spinal alignment remodeling affects spinal balance.MethodsAll adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) cases surgically treated in our institution between 2002 and 2008 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were as follows: Lenke 1C scoliosis patients treated with posterior pedicle screw–only constructs; the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) ended at L1 level or above; and 2-year radiographic follow-up. Standing anteroposterior and lateral digital radiographs from four different time points (preoperatively, immediately, 3 months, and 2 years postoperatively) were reviewed. In each standing anteroposterior radiograph, the center sacral vertical line (CSVL, the vertical line that bisects the proximal sacrum) was first drawn, and the translation (deviation from the CSVL) of some key vertebrae was measured, such as the LIV, LIV+1 (the first vertebra below LIV), LIV+2 (the second vertebra below LIV), LIV+3 (the third vertebra below LIV), lumbar apical vertebra (AV), thoracic AV, and T1. Additionally, the Cobb angles of the major thoracic and lumbar curves were measured at different time points, and the correction rates were calculated. Furthermore, clinical photographs of the patients from the back were taken preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsOf 278 AIS patients reviewed, 29 met the inclusion criteria. The continuous follow-up of our present study revealed an interesting phenomenon: postoperative spinal alignment remodeling. A hypothetical criterion was established to determine the onset of the phenomenon. By means of a series of analyses, the criterion was validated. The results of our present study showed that selective thoracic fusion tended to cause leftward spinal imbalance in these Lenke 1C AIS patients. Twenty of the 29 patients had leftward spinal imbalance immediately after surgery. Although some patients regained spinal balance through postoperative spinal alignment remodeling, 11 patients remained imbalanced at 2-year follow-up.ConclusionsSelective thoracic fusion is prone to cause leftward spinal imbalance in Lenke 1C scoliosis patients. Postoperative spinal alignment remodeling can facilitate recovery of spinal balance in some patients. Postoperative spinal imbalance in Lenke 1C scoliosis patients could be prevented by selecting stable vertebra or the vertebrae above as LIV, checking the balance condition during surgery, or considering ratio criteria when selecting candidates for selective thoracic fusion.     

Prevention of disuse osteoporosis in rats by Cordyceps sinensis extract

Summary

Cordyceps sinensis has been known as a traditional medicine in China, and C. sinensis plus strontium could prevent osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. The present study shows that daily oral administration of C. sinensis at higher doses in adult hind limb suspension rats can prevent disuse-induced bone loss and deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture.

Introduction

Cordyceps sinensis induces estradiol production and prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. This study was to examine whether C. sinensis can prevent disuse-induced osteoporosis.

Methods

Rats were randomly divided into six groups, and five groups were treated with hind limb suspension (HLS). One HLS group received alendronate (2.0?mg/kg/day) orally, and to the three other HLS groups to each group, a different amount of C. sinensis (100, 300, and 500?mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 8?weeks before and after HLS. The remaining HLS group was set as a control without treatment. Each group consisted of 10 males and females. The body weights, biochemical parameters in serum and urine, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), mechanical testing, and bone microarchitecture were examined.

Results

Treatments with higher C. sinensis dosage (300 and 500?mg/kg/day) or alendronate had a positive effect on body weights, mechanical strength, BMD, and BMC compared to the other HLS groups. C. sinensis decreased markers of bone turnover dose dependently and increased the osteocalcin levels in HLS rats. The result of micro-CT analysis from the L4 vertebra showed that C. sinensis (500?mg/kg) significantly prevented the reduction of the bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabeculae number, and thickness as well as improved the trabeculae separation and structure model index in HLS rats.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that administration of C. sinensis at higher doses over an 8-week period can prevent the disuse osteoporosis in rats. It implies that C. sinensis might be an alternative therapy for prevention of disuse-induced osteoporosis also in humans.