自理能力康复在卧床老年人护理中的临床研究

目的:增进老年病患者的自理能力,帮助他们从被动接受护理和康复治疗转变为主动参与自我护理和康复治疗,以提高康复依从性.方法:将l96例老年病患者随机分成实验组与对照组各98例,对照组采用常规分级护理措施进行护理.实验组在常规分级护理措施基础上运用Orem自护理论制定护理措施进行干预.结果:实验组护理并发症及院内感染发生率较对照组均明显下降(P＜0.05);实验组ADL指数较对照组明显提高(P＜0.01).结论:以自护理论为依据制定的护理措施可提高护理质量,改善患者的日常生活活动能力.     

步常脑心通治联合心理干预治疗慢性心力衰竭恢复期的临床观察

目的:步常脑心通联合心理干预治疗心力衰竭恢复期患者疗效观察,减轻对患者的身心影响及临床指标的观察.方法:选择40例符合纽约心脏病学会(NTHA)心功能分级Ⅱ-Ⅵ级,即左室射血分数(LVEF)≤50%的患者,随机分为两组,两组在年龄,性别,糖尿病病程,心功能分级上无差别.A组给予一般纠正心衰治疗(强心、利尿、扩血管).B组在上述治疗基础上,给予步常脑心通及心理干预治疗.1个月后观察临床症状、监测采用酶联免疫法测定,C-反应蛋白,左室射血分数(LVEF),心输出量(CO)及,心脏指数(CI)结论:治疗组治疗前后测定,C-反应蛋白,左室射血分数(LVEF),心输出量(CO),心脏指数(CI)明显降低(P＜0.05).     

Influence of Lifestyle Factors on Quantitative Heel Ultrasound Measurements in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men

We examined the distribution of quantitative heel ultrasound (QUS) parameters in population samples of European men and looked at the influence of lifestyle factors on the occurrence of these parameters. Men aged between 40 and 79 years were recruited from eight European centers and invited to attend for an interviewer-assisted questionnaire, assessment of physical performance, and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus (Hologic; Sahara). The relationships between QUS parameters and lifestyle variables were assessed using linear regression with adjustments for age, center, and weight. Three thousand two hundred fifty-eight men, mean age 60.0 years, were included in the analysis. A higher PASE score (upper vs. lower tertile) was associated with a higher BUA (β coefficient = 2.44 dB/Mhz), SOS (β = 6.83 m/s), and QUI (β = 3.87). Compared to those who were inactive, those who walked or cycled more than an hour per day had a higher BUA (β = 3.71 dB/Mhz), SOS (β = 6.97 m/s), and QUI (β = 4.50). A longer time to walk 50 ft was linked with a lower BUA (β = ?0.62 dB/Mhz), SOS (β = ?1.06 m/s), and QUI (β = ?0.69). Smoking was associated with a reduction in BUA, SOS, and QUI. There was a U-shaped association with frequency of alcohol consumption. Modification of lifestyle, including increasing physical activity and stopping smoking, may help optimize bone strength and reduce the risk of fracture in middle-aged and elderly European men.     

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy: experience of 300 cases

Background

We report on patients selected for minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) over a 3-year period and evaluate the feasibility and effects of this procedure.

Methods

Between March 2005 and August 2008, 300 patients (36 male, 264 female; mean age = 54.6 years) underwent MIVAT using a single central incision with an average length of 2 cm (range = 1.5–3 cm), about 2 cm above the sternal notch. Small conventional retractors and dissectors, ultrasonic scalpel, 5-mm laparoscope, and a video screen were the instruments used.

Results

General anesthesia was used in 295 patients and regional block anesthesia in 5. MIVAT was performed successfully in 280 patients (93.3%). Conversion to open thyroidectomy with a 4-cm-long incision was required to achieve selective lymphadenectomy in 18 patients after frozen sections demonstrated differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Only two patients with benign thyroid nodules were converted because of large volume or massive hemorrhage from the upper pole vessels. Mean operative time was 35 min (range = 20–70 min) for unilateral lobectomy and 58 min (35–90 min) for bilateral thyroidectomy. No patients had wound infections, postoperative bleeding that required reoperation, permanent hypoparathyroidism, or bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. However, permanent unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy appeared in five cases (1.7%), transient unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in seven (2.3%), superior laryngeal nerve injury in five (1.7%), transient hypocalcemia in nine (3.0%), and mild skin burn from the ultrasonic scalpel in five (1.7%). Postoperative pain was minimal and better cosmetic results were obtained than conventional open thyroidectomy. Postoperative stay was shorter than with conventional open thyroidectomy.

Conclusions

MIVAT appears to be safe and feasible in patients with benign thyroid nodules, with minimal injury and excellent cosmetic results. Furthermore, after properly lengthening the skin incision, MIVAT can be used for patients with large benign thyroid nodules or even early–stage differentiated thyroid carcinoma.     

Initial Surgeon Training for Single Port Access Surgery: Our First Year Experience

Background:

We have developed a single port access (SPA) surgical technique that allows for procedures to be done through a single umbilical port incision <20 mm in length. For a new approach to be universally beneficial, it needs to be easily learned and applied.

Methods:

Single port access abdominal procedures are performed through one umbilical incision where skin and soft tissue flaps are raised from the underlying fascia to allow insertion of up to 4 instruments. Fifty surgeons with varying degrees of laparoscopic training participated in SPA training programs at Drexel University to learn and apply the SPA technique through participation in an animate (porcine) laboratory.

Results:

All surgeons successfully performed the SPA access technique without difficulty and completed the cholecystectomy in <55 minutes (average, 42). Eight surgeons successfully performed placement of a cholangiogram catheter. All recognized the value of a formal training symposium to learn SPA techniques before performing SPA procedures in their practice.

Conclusions:

The SPA technique has been successfully shown to be an approach that is easily learned and accomplished. We believe this is a necessary and important bridge towards proficiency in performing SPA procedures in clinical patients.     

舒芬太尼后处理对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：探讨舒芬太尼后处理对在体大鼠心肌映血再灌注损伤的影响。方法：健康雄性S—D大鼠48只．体重230～330g．结扎冠状动脉左前降支制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。随机分为B组（n=6）：假手术组（sham组）：只穿线．不结扎;缺血再灌注组（CON组）：缺血30min．再灌注120min,再灌注前5min单次静脉注射生理盐水1mL;缺血后处理组（IpostC组）：缺血30min末行缺血10s．再灌注10s,重复3次后再灌注120min;舒芬太尼后处理组（0．1SpOStC组～10SpostC组）：再灌注前5min分别单次静脉注射舒芬太尼0．1．0．3,1、3．10ug／kg．5min后再灌注120min。于结扎线缝好后平衡30rnfn（T0）、缺血30min末（TI）,后处理末（T2）．再灌注120min末（T3）记录MAP-HR．并计算血压心率乘积（RPP）。计算心肌梗死面积（1S）与缺血危险区（AAR）比值（IS／AAR）。选取最佳剂量舒芬太尼后处理组．sham组．CON组．IpostC组于T3时取颈动脉血2ml。采用硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）法测定丙二醛（MDA）浓度．黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果：与CON组比较．IpostC组、0．3．1．3、10SpostC组IS／AAR降低（P〈0．05）。其中舒芬太尼后处理组中1SpostC组降低最为明显;与IpostC组比较．0．1SpostC组IS／AAR增加（P〈0．05）。舒芬太尼剂量-效应关系si9mOidal方程为：Y=0．3749＋0．4872／。（1＋10^1.502-x）．ED50为0．03174ug／kg。与sham组比较,其余三组血清MDA浓度升高．SOD活性降低（P＜0．05）;与CO嘲比较．IpostC．、SpostC组MOA降低．SOO话性升高（P〈0．05）。结论：舒芬太尼可模拟缺血后处理减轻在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤．并且呈剂量依赖性。     

The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who have received prior manipulative therapy

We evaluated the long-term outcome of patients with an osteosarcoma who had undergone prior manipulative therapy, a popular treatment in Asia, and investigated its effects on several prognostic factors. Of the 134 patients in this study, 70 (52%) patients had manipulative therapy and 64 (48%) did not. The age, location, and size of tumour were not significantly different between the groups. The five-year overall survival rate was 58% and 92% in the groups with and without manipulative therapy (p = 0.004). Both the primary and overall rates of lung metastasis were significantly higher in the manipulative group (primary: 32% vs 3%, p = 0.003; overall lung metastasis rate: 51.4% vs 18.8%, p < 0.001). Patients who had manipulative therapy had higher local recurrence rates in comparison to patients who did not (29% vs 6%, p = 0.011). The prognosis for patients with osteosarcoma who had manipulative therapy was significantly poorer than those who had not. Manipulative therapy was an independent factor for survival. This form of therapy may serve as a mechanism to accelerate the spread of tumour cells, and therefore must be avoided in order to improve the outcome for patients with an osteosarcoma.     

Patency of sequential and individual saphenous vein grafts after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Background: The impact of the grafting techniques (individual or sequential grafts) on the graft patency of off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) has not been reported. The mid‐term patency rates for individual and sequential saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) as coronary bypass conduits of OPCAB were compared. Methods: A total of 714 distal coronary anastomoses on 448 SVGs were assessed using a 64‐multislice computed tomography in 398 patients at an average of 26.4 ± 23.6 months (three months to five years) after an OPCAB procedure. The blood flow of grafts in the proximal segment of individual and sequential SVGs was also compared. Results: The overall patency of sequential SVGs (95.9%) was significantly superior to individual ones (90.6%, p = 0.022). The anastomoses on the sequential conduits had better patency (95.1% vs. 90.1%, p = 0.013). The patency of side‐to‐side anastomoses (97%) was better than that of end‐to‐side anastomoses (93.1%) and also better than that of the individual end‐to‐side anastomoses (90.1%, p = 0.002, p = 0.041). No significant difference was observed between the two approaches in regard to the three major coronary systems; however, anastomoses on sequential grafts had superior patency to those on individual grafts in the right coronary system (p = 0.008). The blood flows of double and triple sequential SVGs were significantly higher than those of individual ones (p < 0.001, p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: The mid‐term patency of a sequential SVG conduit after OPCAB is excellent and generally superior to that of an individual one. (J Card Surg 2010;25:633‐637)     

前列腺癌患者CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G基因型分析

目的:应用TaqMan荧光定量技术,了解前列腺癌患者CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G位点基因表型。方法:应用ABI Prism7300型荧光定量PCR仪,通过序列检测系统测定85例前列腺癌患者CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G的各种基因型,并分析不同基因型患者与前列腺癌分化之间的相关性。结果:85例前列腺癌患者中CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G位点基因表型为AA5例(5.9%),AG33例(38.8%),GG47例(55.3%)。且各基因表型与前列腺癌Gleason评分无明显相关性。结论:CYP1A2 IVS4+43A/G各基因表型与前列腺癌分化之间无明显相关性。