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141.
142.
143.
"Anti-HBc alone" in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and immuno-suppressed lymphoma patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yu Xuan Koo Daniel SW Tan Iain BH Tan Richard Quek Miriam Tao Soon Thye Lim 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2009,15(30):3834-3835
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in various parts of the world. A proportion of patients have resolved prior exposure to HBV, as evidenced by the clearance of circulating hepatitis B surface antigen and the appearance of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), which could produce protective antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). With time, anti-HBs in some patients may become negative. Such patients are described as having occult HBV infection or "anti-HBc alone". In the context of immunodeficient patients, such as HIV patients or lymphoma patients undergoing immunosuppressive immunotherapy, the lack of protective anti-HBs may increase the risk of hepatitis B reactivation. Serum HBV DNA testing may be necessary in "anti-HBc alone" patients, to detect patients at a high risk of developing HBV infection allowing appropriate prophylactic management. 相似文献
144.
Objectives
To assess the effects of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV infection on dyslipidaemia in a Hispanic population at high risk of insulin resistance.Methods
We compared serum lipids and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in 257 Hispanic adults including 47 HIV‐ mono‐infected, 43 HCV‐mono‐infected and 59 HIV/HCV‐co‐infected individuals as well as 108 healthy controls. We also assessed the effect of HCV on lipid alterations associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the impact of HCV and HIV on the associations among insulin resistance, triglycerides and cholesterol.Results
HCV infection was associated with lower total and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but not high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or triglycerides compared with healthy controls. HIV infection was associated with higher triglycerides and lower HDL, but not total or LDL cholesterol. HCV mitigated the elevation of triglycerides associated with ART. In healthy Hispanic adults, insulin resistance was significantly correlated with higher triglycerides, CRP and lower HDL. HIV infection nullified the association of insulin resistance with triglycerides and HDL, and the association of triglycerides with LDL. HCV infection nullified the association of insulin resistance with triglycerides, HDL and CRP.Conclusions
HCV co‐infection alters the profile of HIV‐associated dyslipidaemia. The clinical significance of these findings for cardiovascular complications in HIV merits further study. 相似文献145.
Metabolic effects of antisickling amounts of nitrogen and nor-nitrogen mustard on rabbit and human erythrocytes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nitrogen mustard (NH2) and Nor-nitrogen mustard (Nor-HN2) both inhibit the polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S in solution and in intact erythrocytes. Metabolic studies were undertaken to determine the feasability of an extracorporeal treatment with these or related agents. Glucose utilization, hexose monophosphate shunt activity, methemoglobin reduction, and incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine for Heinz body formation were performed, as well as specific assays for hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, ATP, reduced glutathione (GSH), and survival of autologous mustard-treated cells in rabbits. HN2 was found to enter red cells rapidly and bind to intracellular contents. Metabolic studies revealed no significant inhibition or alteration of function by Nor-HN2 at 10 mg/ml of whole blood. Rabbit red cell survival was also normal. HN2, however, inhibited glutathione reductase and blocked the free sulfhydryl group of GSH by forming serveral addition products of alkylated GSH. Heinz body test with acetylphenylhydrazine became positive in HN2-treated cells, and rabbit red cell survival was shortened considerably in the concentration range used to inhibit sickling. Ascorbic acid stimulation of the hexose shunt pathway was inhibited by HN2, but methylene blue stimulation remained unaffected. 14-C-HN2 remains bound to red cells in vivo, and the disappearance of radioactivity is similar to that found with 14-C-DFP (disopropylfluorophosphate). Oxygen affinity of both HN2 and Nor-HN2 treated human red cells remains virtually the same as that found in control samples. It is concluded that Nor-HN2 may be a suitable agent for an extracorporeal therapy, and that each mustard needs to be evaluated individually for its antisickling effects and its suitability for extracorporeal use. 相似文献
146.
Constitutive in vivo cytokine and hematopoietic growth factor gene expression in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of healthy individuals 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
We investigated hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) and cytokine gene expression in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of healthy individuals as a starting point for delineating the physiologic role of cytokines in steady state hematopoiesis. BM biopsy specimens and PB samples from 7 healthy individuals were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of reverse-transcribed RNA using gene-specific primer sets. Consistent gene expression in the BM of all 7 individuals was detected for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), stem cell factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-7, erythroid-potentiating factor, erythroid-differentiating factor, and insulinlike growth factor 1, all cytokines with reported direct stimulatory effects on in vitro hematopoiesis. Of these, erythroid-potentiating factor and erythroid- differentiating factor appeared to be the only stimulating factors that were also expressed in the PB. Among the cytokines with inhibitory effects on in vitro hematopoiesis IL-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, transforming growth factor-beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha were expressed in the BM of the 7 individuals. Except for TNF-alpha, the latter cytokines were also expressed in the PB. Consistent expression in the BM and PB of all tested individuals was also observed for IL-1 beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and IL-1 beta converting enzyme, which are all members of the IL-1 family with a possible indirect effect on hematopoiesis. Remarkably, no expression of granulocyte CSF, granulocyte-macrophage CSF, and IL-3 was found in the BM or PB of all investigated individuals (n = 15). This was also the case for IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL- 12, IL-13, leukemia-inhibiting factor, interferon-gamma, and inhibin. Weak IL-8 and IL-10 expression was found in the BM and/or PB of a minority of investigated individuals. These findings provide insight into which cytokines or HGFs potentially are involved in the autocrine or paracrine regulation of in vivo steady state hematopoiesis. The absence of expression of granulocyte CSF, granulocyte-macrophage CSF, and IL-3 in the BM of healthy individuals implicates that it is highly unlikely that these HGFs are involved in the autocrine or paracrine regulation of constitutive hematopoiesis. 相似文献
147.
Prospective evaluation of the clinical usefulness of an antigen- specific assay (MAIPA) in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and other immune thrombocytopenias 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:18
The diagnosis of idiopathic immune thrombocytopenia remains a clinical diagnosis based on the exclusion of other causes of immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenia. Measurement of platelet-associated Ig (PAIg), while sensitive, is nonspecific for the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia. Published experience of antigen capture assays (including monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens or MAIPA) suggest a high sensitivity and specificity (70% to 80%) in selected groups of patients. In a prospective evaluation of 158 patients with thrombocytopenia from all causes, we report a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 80% for direct MAIPA assays. MAIPA was considerably better in discriminating immune from nonimmune thrombocytopenia than two assays of PAIgG. Antiplatelet antibodies detected by MAIPA were more frequently directed against the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa than the GP Ib/IX complex. Our experience suggests that MAIPA assays are useful in the laboratory assessment of thrombocytopenia, should be performed before therapy, and that some patients with 'nonimmune' thrombocytopenia may have genuine antiplatelet antibodies. 相似文献
148.
Background
Wound infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.Objectives
To determine the prevalence, aetiology and susceptibility profile of bacterial agents of wound infection among in- and- out patients at a rural tertiary hospital in Nigeria, within a 5 year period.Methods
Wound swabs collected from 156 out-patients and 353 in-patients were, cultured and microbial isolates identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on bacterial isolates.Results
The prevalence of wound infection in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 was 71.4%, 76.2%, 74.5%, 61.5%, and 67.0% respectively. The overall prevalence of wound infection was 70.1%. In all the years studied, out-patients had a higher prevalence of wound infection, but this was significant in 2007, 2009, and 2010 only. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent pathogen in both in- and out - patients with the exception of 2009 where both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the same prevalence (24.4%) among in - patients. The flouroquinolones were the most potent antimicrobial agents against bacterial isolates from both in - and out -patients.Conclusion
Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant etiologic agent of wound infection among in and out patients. A generally higher resistance pattern was observed among nosocomial bacterial pathogens. Prudent use of antibiotics is recommended. 相似文献149.
Screening of depression in patients with chronic medical diseases in a primary care setting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic medical diseases may have depression that
is not recognized by their primary care physicians. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to
examine the application of Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) in the
screening of depression in primary care patients with chronic medical
diseases in a Chinese population. METHODS: We studied 268 patients with
chronic medical diseases in the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic using a
structured questionnaire including basic demographic data, a Chinese
version of the SDS and a rating for the self-perceived severity of physical
condition. The severity of chronic medical diseases was assessed by the
authors using the Duke University Severity of Illness Scale from a chart
audit. Fifty patients were randomly selected for a diagnostic interview
according to the DSM-IV criteria. The construct validity and internal
consistency reliability, sensitivity and specificity of the SDS were
examined. RESULTS: The results revealed that the SDS has good construct
validity and internal consistent reliability in the evaluation of
depression in Chinese patients with chronic medical diseases. A cut-off
point of 55 had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 90.0%.
Depressed patients reported more cognitive symptoms than depressed affect
and physical symptoms. Female patients had more severe depressed affect
than male patients, but males had more prominent diurnal variation of mood
than females. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that SDS can be a good screening
tool for depression in Chinese patients with chronic medical diseases.
Owing to constraints in the expression of sexual desire in the Chinese,
elderly subjects tended to report loss of libido in the response to the
SDS.
相似文献
150.