新生儿颅内出血的临床分析

目的 为探讨各种类型新生儿颅内出血的早期诊断方法，明确其临床特点与CT的关系。方法 对176例经CT证实有颅内出血新生儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 176例患儿中缺氧所致123例(72．6％)，产伤21例(11．9％)，新生儿出血症22例(12．5％)，早产儿10例。患儿有意识障碍者156例(88．6％)，惊厥98例(55．68％)，肌张力改变113例(64．2％)，原始反射减弱或消失104例(59％)，贫血16例。CT示：SAH121例。占68．75％，为NICH最常见类型；SDH17例，IPH13例，IVH5例，混合性出血20例。结论 根据临床表现考虑NICH者应做头颅CT或头颅B超检查。Cr是确诊的最佳手段，能正确显示出血部位、范围、程度及区分各种类型，头颅B超对早产儿、低出生体重儿的IVH、IPH检出率高。     

Stargardt病的眼底表现及眼底荧光血管造影特征

目的研究Stargardt病(Stargardts disease,STGD)的眼底表现和眼底荧光血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)的特征.方法对27例54眼STGD患者进行视力、眼底及FFA检查.结果STGD患者的视力在0.02～0.10者46眼,占85.2%.眼底检查黄斑部均有横径为1.5～3.0 PD大小、呈青灰色并有金箔样反光的横椭圆形萎缩灶,其中15例30眼伴有眼底黄色斑点,占55.6%.FFA检查黄斑部病变为透见荧光,其中8例16眼呈"牛眼"状;22例44眼呈暗脉络膜背景,占81.5%.结论FFA检查在STGD的诊断中极为重要,在病程的不同阶段可有不同FFA表现.     

人α1,2岩藻糖苷转移酶基因在猪动脉内皮细胞的表达

目的通过基因工程技术使人α1,2岩藻糖苷转移酶(HT)基因在猪动脉内皮细胞(PAEC)表达,削减异种抗原αGal的表达。方法构建pcDNA3HTcDNA重组质粒,体外培养PAEC,脂质体转染法将pcDNA3HTcDNA转染PAEC,新霉素(G418)筛选具有抗性的细胞克隆,对其用PCR检测重组质粒的整合,流式细胞术(FCM)检测转染细胞H抗原和异种抗原αGal的表达。分别以未转染的PAEC和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)作为对照。结果重组质粒转染PAEC经筛选得到抗性细胞克隆,PCR扩增出人HT基因片段,FCM检测转染细胞H抗原表达升高,αGal表达明显降低。结论成功构建了pcD NA3HTcDNA重组质粒,并使人HT基因在PAEC表达,抑制了αGal的合成。     

小鼠膜性肾小球肾炎复制方法及免疫荧光定量研究

目的：介绍实验性小鼠膜性肾小球肾炎(MGN)的复制方法，并探讨其免疫荧光定量分析在肾小球肾炎研究中的应用价值。方法：制备阳离子化牛血清白蛋白(GBSA)并复制小鼠MGN，对各组小鼠进行电镜及免疫荧光观察，并进行免疫荧光定量研究。结果：电镜、免疫荧光观察均显示病理Ⅰ组(PⅡ组)具有典型的MGN病变，病理Ⅱ组(PⅡ组)病变轻微且不典型。免疫荧光定量研究证实PⅠ、PⅡ组与对照组差异有显著性；PⅠ、PⅡ组间差异无显著性。结论：C—BSA可作为复制小鼠MGN的良好抗原，隔日2mg／只尾静脉注射4w即可复制出稳定的小鼠MGN模型。免疫荧光定量分析不仅能直接而准确地反映MGN病理变化，而且在MGN早期即具有诊断价值。     

Duration of action of antispasmodic agents: novel use of a mouse model as an in vivo pharmacological assay.

OBJECTIVE: Radial arteries are increasingly used as conduits for coronary artery bypass grafts, but perioperative graft vasospasm remains a concern. In vitro testing has demonstrated the efficacy of phenoxybenzamine and verapamil/nitroglycerin as topical antispasmodic agents, but their duration of action in vivo is unknown. Using an in vivo mouse model, we measured their duration of action in functioning vascular grafts, and compared this to their in vitro duration of action in ungrafted vascular segments. METHODS: Two millimetre mouse aortic segments (C57/BL6) were incubated with phenoxybenzamine, verapamil/nitroglycerin, or buffer (controls) for 15 min in organ chambers. Isometric tension responses to phenylephrine and prostaglandin F2alpha were measured at 0, 2, 6 and 12 h post-incubation. In parallel, 36 murine infrarenal aortic interposition grafts (2 mm) were performed. Twelve grafts were pre-treated (15 min) with phenoxybenzamine, 12 with verapamil/nitroglycerin and 12 remained untreated (controls). Isometric tension responses to the same agonists were measured in grafts harvested 2, 6, 13 and 23 h after surgery. RESULTS: Phenoxybenzamine prevented alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction for up to 16 h in vivo (grafts), and 12h in vitro (ungrafted segments). Verapamil/nitroglycerin was effective for at least 2 h in vitro, but did not prevent vasoconstriction after 2 h in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: The mouse model appears to be a useful technique for assessing the pharmacological properties of antispasmodic agents in vivo. Phenoxybenzamine has an extended action in arterial grafts in vivo. Verapamil/nitroglycerin is short-lived in vivo but lasts longer in vitro. Measurements of antispasmodic duration of action in vitro should be interpreted with caution.     

骨水泥和种植体同期植入修复颌骨和牙列缺损的实验研究

目的：探讨高分子材料和种植体同期植入缺损区进行同步骨缺损修复和牙列缺损修复的可行性。方法：以4只杂种狗为研究对象，制备下颌骨长约2．5cm的缺损的动物模型(保留下颌骨下缘)，将骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸酯)植入骨缺损，同时将牙种植体植入骨水泥中并调整长轴方向，立即关闭术创。至术后3个月摄X线片，然后处死动物，局部巨检以了解骨水泥同骨组织的结合情况，并制备骨组织切片进行苏木精一伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色，以了解植入材料周边骨的生长情况及其对植入材料的反应。结果：术后3个月X线检查见骨缺损区充满骨水泥，骨水泥周边的骨小梁清晰，未见骨吸收或炎症表现，形成良好的骨-骨水泥界面，种植体则依赖其表面的螺纹结构与骨水泥间紧密的机械性嵌合而牢固的成为一体，植入的骨水泥块与周边天然骨结合紧密，无松动现象。植入材料周边局部脱钙骨的苏木精-伊红染色和甲苯胺蓝染色见骨结构正常，同时骨-骨水泥界有新骨形成。结论：骨水泥作为颌骨修复替代材料同期植入种植体是可行的。     

球囊二尖瓣扩张术后心房纤颤复律的临床研究

目的探讨二尖瓣狭窄合并心房纤颤患者在球囊二尖瓣扩张后,转复心房纤颤的临床效果及影响心房纤颤转复后窦性心律维持的相关因素.方法 206例二尖瓣狭窄合并心房纤颤患者在球囊扩张术后,采用口服胺碘酮及电复律治疗心房纤颤,对复律成功的患者给予小剂量胺碘酮维持窦性心律并随访1年.结果服用胺碘酮者58例,17例转复成功(29.3%);189例行电转复,178例转复成功(94.2%),电转复成功率明显高于胺碘酮转复(P＜0.01).心房纤颤复发组与保持窦性心律组相比,左心房内径明显扩大(P＜0.01),心房纤颤持续时间明显长(P＜0.01),中度二尖瓣关闭不全人数的比率明显高(P＜0.05).随访1年,有45例患者心房纤颤复发.影响心房纤颤转复后维持窦性心律的相关因素有左心房内径扩大、心房纤颤持续时间长及明显的二尖瓣关闭不全.结论对左心房内径明显扩大、心房纤颤持续时间过长及有明显的二尖瓣关闭不全的患者,在选择心房纤颤转复时应慎重.     

甲肝疾病的调查分析及预防措施

近年来，随着社会的发展、科学的进步，社会人口流动量增大，城市人口相对集中，以及文化、生活习惯的差异，使得传染性疾病呈现上升趋势。为了有效控制传染疾病的发生、发展，为预防控制工作提供一些科学依据，现在对我院3年来的相关病例进行了总结、分析如下。     

Sex differences in the production of methaemoglobinaemia by 4-aminopropiophenone

A methaemoglobin former, 4-aminopropiophenone (p-aminopropiophenone, PAPP), which is active only after metabolic activation in vivo, exhibits a sex difference in male Beagle dogs and bitches. Bitches produced more methaemoglobin for a given dose of PAPP than male dogs. The probable reason for this difference was a lower rate of N-hydroxylation in male dogs.