Detection of cell apoptosis by MTT assay.]

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of using MTT assay to detect cell apoptosis. METHODS: K562 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% calf serum and 4 micromol/L arsenic trioxide. Apoptosis was induced in the cultured cells by As2O3, and the cells were detected with optical microscope, DNA gel electrophoresis and MTT staining respectively. RESULT: MTT staining could also accurately detect cell apoptosis, by which the apoptotic cells were easily distinguished from normal cells and dead cells. CONCLUSION: MTT staining is simple, convenient and practical for detecting cell apoptosis.     

ELISA法检测可溶性人类白细胞抗原—I及广东人参考值的测定

OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for quantitative detection of soluble human leukocyte antigen class I(HLA-I) antigens, with the assistance of which we attempt to define the reference value of the antigen in the population of Guangdong Province. METHODS: Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed with W6/32 monoclonal antibody serving as the solid phase antibody and beta2 microglobulin antibody as the first antibody. HRP-labeled second antibody and the substrate were added for enzyme-catalyzed coloring. On the basis of the standard curve obtained by sHLA-I standard reagent in serial dilution, the concentration of sHLA-I antigens in the samples of 60 normal subjects from the population of Guangdong province was detected. RESULTS: The sensitivity of this assay was 2.84 ng/ml with variation coefficients of 5.80% within the same batch and 9.00% between batches. The recovery rate ranged from 98.57% to 100.15%. The level of sHLA-I antigens in normal individuals was 699.54+/-360.10 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Sandwich ELISA is sensitive, specific and stable in the detection of sHLA-I.     

Revisit on congenital bronchopulmonary vascular malformations: a haphazard branching theory of malinosculations and its clinical classification and implication.

We propose a haphazard branching theory to support the concept of bronchopulmonary malinosculations, and we apply this theory to classify congenital bronchopulmonary vascular malformation (BPVM) based on the anatomical results we have found. Between January 1990 and December 1997, a total of 22 pediatric patients (10 male and 12 female), aged 2 days to 14 years (median, 19.6 months), with congenital BPVM were enrolled in this retrospective study. Study modalities include the clinical features and plain chest films (n = 22) plus at least two of the following: echocardiography (n = 13), barium esophagraphy (n = 2), bronchoscopy (n = 4), contrast bronchography (n = 8), high-resolution direct coronal CT (n = 1) and electron beam or ultrafast CT (n = 1) of the chest, MRI (n = 10), MRA (n = 1), contrast cineangiocardiography (n = 9), surgery (n = 11), or autopsy (n = 2). The salient clinical features were recurrent lung infections in 14 patients, acute respiratory distress in 13, associated cardiovascular malformations in 8, dextroversion in 7, congestive heart failure in 7, dextrocardia in 4, and complex congenital heart diseases in 4. There were abnormal openings (malinosculations) of the pulmonary airway in 20 patients: to an artery in 12, to a vein in 8, and to the lung parenchyma in 9. These 22 patients with congenital BPVM can be classified into bronchial malinosculation (10 cases), arterial malinosculation (2 cases), and bronchoarterial malinosculation (10 cases). Congenital BPVM can be classified in terms of bronchopulmonary malinosculation based upon a haphazard branching theory, in which abnormal communications between two independent systems (primitive foregut system and aortic-pulmonary arch system) occurred coincidentally rather than causally.     

妊娠与柯兴氏综合征--附1例病案分析

目的 :提高妊娠合并柯兴氏综合征的诊治水平。方法 :结合国内外文献 16例 ,分析讨论妊娠与柯兴氏综合征的相互影响所导致的各种临床结局。结果 :肾上腺皮质腺瘤位于妊娠合并柯兴氏综合征的病因首位 ,而高肾上腺皮质激素刺激征和特征性腹部、大腿宽大紫纹 ,结合B超、CT可以诊断妊娠合并柯兴氏综合征 ;严重的并发症威胁母婴安全 ,积极进行手术治疗和并发症的处理可以降低母婴死亡率、延长孕周。结论 :妊娠合并柯兴氏综合征是极度的高危妊娠 ,妊娠期的早期诊断、早期治疗能改善妊娠质量。     

中南邵阳、华东南京、西南成都组织胞浆菌感染流行病学调查

目的 :组织胞浆菌是一种真菌 ,由家禽及鸟类传播 ,可引起人的深部真菌病。我们进行的流调工作 ,对掌握疾病流行情况、制定防治措施及对结核病的防治工作具有重要意义。方法 :调查对象是健康人、住院的肺结核病人、住院的非结核性肺疾患病人。使用的方法是在前臂内侧皮内注射酵母相组织胞浆菌素 (Histolyn -CYL)。同时在另一前臂做PPD皮试 (1∶1万 )。结果 :中南邵阳地区健康人组织胞浆菌素皮试阳性率2 2 .4 0 %。肺结核病人阳性率 31.6 0 %。非结核病肺部疾病阳性率 15 .85 %。华东南京地区健康人阳性率15 .10 %。肺结核病等阳性率 17.74 %。西南成都地区健康人阳性率 2 1.77%。肺结核病人阳性率 5 4 .4 4 %。结论 :组织胞浆菌感染率很高 ,与人文地理条件密切相关 ,差异很大。因此制订防治措施也应有所不同 ,应结合当地具体情况。     

On the Role of Proteasomes in Cell Biology and Proteasome Inhibition as a Novel Frontier in the Development of Immunosuppressants

The proteasome, a large protease complex in cells, is the major machinery for protein degradation. It was previously considered a humble garbage collector, performing housekeeping duties to remove misfolded or spent proteins. Until recently, the interests of immunologists in proteasomes were focused largely on its role in antigen processing. Its real importance in cell biology has only been revealed contemporarily due to the availability of relatively specific inhibitors. It has now become increasingly clear that many aspects of immune responses highly depend on proper proteasome activity. Recently, a proteasome inhibitor has been successfully used to prevent acute as well as ongoing heart allograft rejection in mice. Such inhibitors are also efficacious in treating several autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis, psoriasis, and probably type I diabetes, in animal models. Phase II and III clinical trials of proteasome inhibitors in treating various tumors have shown promising results, and the side-effects of these drugs are tolerable. Therefore, proteasome inhibition represents a new and promising frontier in immunosuppressant development.     

218例乳腺癌术后十年随访观察

对218例女性乳癌术后进行了十年以上的随访观察。随访率为95.87％。术后总的十年生存率为54.87％。Ⅰ期为85.71％,Ⅱ期为53.09％。Ⅲ期为30.76％。阐明了术后疗效与妊娠哺乳,肿瘤部位,肿瘤大小,临床期别,淋巴结转移情况及病理类型有明显关系。讨论了手术方式对术后的影响,提示扩大根治术对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳癌并无明显优越性。     

保留肾单位手术治疗早期小肾癌21例临床分析

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients. CONCLUSION: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.     

下腹部Joel—Cohen切口术后切口愈合临床观察

目的探讨肥胖患者下腹部手术采用Joel—Cohen切口对预防非感染性切口裂开的临床效果。方法选择切口部位皮下脂肪层厚达4—5cm的妇产科手术患者90例，随机分为观察组44例，采用Joel—Cohen切口；对照组46例，采用下腹正中直切口。观察切口愈合和脂肪液化情况。结果观察组切口甲级愈合率显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；脂肪液化切口裂开率显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论脂肪组织厚达4—5cm以上下腹部手术切口，采用Joel—Cohen切口可以减少脂肪液化，切口愈合显著优于下腹直切口，值得临床推广应用。