Sympathetic sprouting near sensory neurons after nerve injury occurs preferentially on spontaneously active cells and is reduced by early nerve block

Some chronic pain conditions are maintained or enhanced by sympathetic activity. In animal models of pathological pain, abnormal sprouting of sympathetic fibers around large- and medium-sized sensory neurons is observed in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Large- and medium-sized cells are also more likely to be spontaneously active, suggesting that sprouting may be related to neuron activity. We previously showed that sprouting could be reduced by systemic or locally applied lidocaine. In the complete sciatic nerve transection model in rats, spontaneous activity initially originates in the injury site; later, the DRGs become the major source of spontaneous activity. In this study, spontaneous activity reaching the DRG soma was reduced by early nerve blockade (local perfusion of the transected nerve with TTX for the 1st 7 days after injury). This significantly reduced sympathetic sprouting. Conversely, increasing spontaneous activity by local nerve perfusion with K(+) channel blockers increased sprouting. The hyperexcitability and spontaneous activity of DRG neurons observed in this model were also significantly reduced by early nerve blockade. These effects of early nerve blockade on sprouting, excitability, and spontaneous activity were all observed 4-5 wk after the end of early nerve blockade, indicating that the early period of spontaneous activity in the injured nerve is critical for establishing the more long-lasting pathologies observed in the DRG. Individual spontaneously active neurons, labeled with fluorescent dye, were five to six times more likely than quiescent cells to be co-localized with sympathetic fibers, suggesting a highly localized correlation of activity and sprouting.     

A Continuous Finite Element Method with Homotopy Vanishing Viscosity for Solving the Static Eikonal Equation

We develop a second-order continuous finite element method for solving the static Eikonal equation. It is based on the vanishing viscosity approach with a homotopy method for solving the discretized nonlinear system. More specifically, the homotopy method is utilized to decrease the viscosity coefficient gradually, while Newton’s method is applied to compute the solution for each viscosity coefficient. Newton’s method alone converges for just big enough viscosity coefficients on very coarse grids and for simple 1D examples, but the proposed method is much more robust and guarantees the convergence of the nonlinear solver for all viscosity coefficients and for all examples over all grids. Numerical experiments from 1D to 3D are presented to confirm the second-order convergence and the effectiveness of the proposed method on both structured or unstructured meshes.     

真菌生物膜体内模型研究进展

生物膜是临床真菌感染的常见形式。以生物膜状态存在的真菌与浮游真菌存在很大不同。由生物膜引发的感染较难治愈。因此,开发对抗真菌生物膜的新手段成为了研究热点。动物体内模型可以更好地与宿主免疫系统联系起来,并且对于医疗器械相关生物膜感染的研究意义更加重大。本文选用白色念珠菌作为真菌研究对象。本文的主要目的就是介绍用于研究真菌生物膜的5种体内生物膜模型,并对这些模型的操作过程、应用、优势和不足进行介绍。     

Micro PET/CT分子显像观察广枣-7味丸抗缺血/再灌注损伤作用机制

目的 观察广枣-7味丸抗大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（MIRI）作用机制。方法 将120只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组以及空白对照组、模型对照组和阳性对照组。于造模前及造模后24 h、48 h和72 h行Micro PET/CT分子显像，计算心肌缺血容积感兴趣区（VOI）及平均标准摄取值（SUV_mean），检测血清氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）]含量和心肌损伤标志酶[乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）]，并观察心肌病理学改变。结果 24 h和48 h显像，各组均见不同程度显像剂稀疏-缺损；72 h显像低剂量组仍见稀疏，而中、高剂量组恢复；低、中、高剂量组内缺血部位SUV_mean随时间延长而逐渐增高（F=121.82、450.82、435.75，P均<0.05）。低、中、高剂量组均可清除自由基、降低心肌损伤标志酶；高剂量组对SOD，中剂量组对MDA、LDH，低剂量组对CK作用效果好（P均<0.05）。结论 广枣-7味丸通过清除体内自由基、减轻氧化应激损伤、影响相关酶活性等方式发挥抗MIRI作用，各剂量均对MIRI具有保护作用，以高剂量效果最好。Micro PET/CT分子显像能无创、动态活体检测MIRI，准确评估广枣-7味丸对鼠MIRI的保护作用。     

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术20年进展

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（ LIHR）在20多年发展中,技术逐渐成熟,术式逐步规范,材料学、经济学、麻醉学等相关问题也有很大的进展,疗效越来越好。近年来,许多国家都制定了有关LIHR的指南,相信规范化的手术一定会使LIHR取得更好的疗效,得到更广泛的普及和推广。     

1305份病案缺陷分析与对策

目的通过对终末病案的质量监控,提高病案书写质量。方法根据山西省卫生厅《病历书写基本规范》的规定,对我院1305份出院病案进行质量检查。结果 482份病案存在缺陷,共出现缺陷次数846次。结论加强医护人员的法律意识和责任心,强化病历书写规范培训,加强运行病历质量监控,提高病历书写质量。     

Antilithic effects of extracts from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Urtica dentata</Emphasis> hand on calcium oxalate urinary stones in rats

This study examined the potential antilithic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine Urtica dentata Hand (UDH) in experimental rats and screened the optimal extract of UDH as a possible therapeutic a...     

The use of layered double hydroxides as DNA vaccine delivery vector for enhancement of anti-melanoma immune response

Our previous studies have shown that Mg:Al 1:1 layered double hydroxides (LDH(R1)) nanoparticles could be taken up by the MDDCs effectively and had an adjuvant activity for DC maturation. Furthermore, these LDH(R1) nanoparticles could up-regulate the expression of CCR7 and augment the migration of DCs in response to CCL21. In current study, we have evaluated whether LDH(R1) as DNA vaccine delivery carrier can augment the efficacy of DNA vaccine immunization in vivo. Firstly, we found that LDH(R1) was efficient in combining DNA and formed LDH(R1)/DNA complex with an average diameter of about 80-120 nm. Its high transfection efficiency in vivo delivered with a GFP expression plasmid was also observed. After delivery of pcDNA(3)-OVA/LDH(R1) complex by intradermal immunization in C57BL/6 mice, the LDH(R1) induced an enhanced serum antibody response much greater than naked DNA vaccine. Using B16-OVA melanoma as tumor model, we demonstrated that pcDNA(3)-OVA/LDH(R1) complex enhanced immune priming and protection from tumor challenge in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that LDH(R1) induced dramatically more effective CTL activation and skewed T helper polarization to Th1. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that this LDH(R1)/DNA plasmid complex should be a new and promising way in vaccination against tumor.     

内蒙古科右前旗蒙古族人群乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布

内蒙古科右前旗是蒙古族人口所占比例较高的地区.本研究分析该地区蒙古族乙型肝炎(乙肝)患者的HBV基因型及血清亚型,了解HBV基因型自然史与乙肝的关系. 1.资料与方法: (1)试剂:病毒基因组DNA/RNA提取试剂盒购白天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,UL-tra-Pfu DNA聚合酶反应体系购自南京博尔迪生物公司,Marker 2000购自大连宝生物公司.(2)样本:2009年肝炎流行病学调查收集到的ll0份未经乙肝疫苗免疫的蒙古族(≥3代均为蒙古族)乙肝患者HBsAg阳性血清.所有样本均在-20 ℃保存,避免反复冻融.     

蔗糖对GK/Wistar大鼠糖脂代谢及肝胰组织的影响

目的研究蔗糖对GK/Wistar大鼠糖脂代谢及其肝、胰组织的影响。方法GK和Wistar大鼠各32只,随机分为W(Wistar)组、WS(Wistar+30%蔗糖)组、G(GK)组和GS(GK+30%蔗糖)组。WS、GS组给予30%蔗糖饮水,另两组给予正常饮水。实验期间每周测定一次空腹血糖,于实验开始后的2、4、6、10周时间点处死部分动物,收集血液并分离肝脏和胰腺,测定甘油三酯、葡萄糖、总胆固醇等生化指标,常规组织病理学检测肝脏和胰腺的病理改变。结果给予蔗糖水后,随着时间的延长,WS组体重和血清TG呈升高趋势,血清TC、Glu未发现相应的趋势,胰腺、肝脏病理损伤呈加重趋势,且胰腺损伤出现时间早于肝脏;GS组除WS组的发现外,血清TC呈先降低后恢复趋势,血清Glu呈先降低后升高趋势,且胰腺损伤要比WS组出现得更早、更严重,肝脏损伤也更严重。结论蔗糖可引起或加重GK/Wistar大鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱以及肝胰组织的病理性损伤,并呈现一定的时效关系。