The role of 1-h physical activity every day in preventing obesity in adolescents in Shandong, China

Several studies have reported that physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are associated with being overweight and obese in children and adults. A new policy of 1-h physical activity (PA) every day was released by the Chinese government. The present study examined the role of 1-h PA every day in preventing obesity in adolescents in Shandong, China. A total of 29,030 students (14,578 boys and 14,452 girls) aged 10–18 years participated in this study. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and skinfold thickness (SFT) of all subjects were measured; body mass index (BMI) of adolescents was calculated from their height and weight, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was obtained according to the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. All subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 had a PA of more than 1 h/day while group 2 had less than 1 h/day. Comparisons of BMI, WC, SFT, and prevalences of overweight and obesity between the two groups were made. The overall percentages of students in group 1 were 34.29 % in boys and 30.15 % in girls. The prevalences of overweight and obesity for both boys and girls were all significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 in all age categories. In conclusion, 1-h PA every day has a beneficial effect in preventing obesity in adolescents in Shandong, China. These observations highlight the importance of PA in the prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescents.     

Toll样受体在儿童ITP的表达及临床意义

目的探讨外周血血小板表面天然免疫分子TLR2、TLR4表达的变化及相关性在儿童特发性减少性紫癜(ITP)发病中的意义。方法采用流式细胞学技术检测24例急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(AITP)患儿、20例慢性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(CITP)患儿和20例对照儿童外周血血小板表面TLR2、TLR4的水平。采用SPSS13.0进行统计学分析,P<0.01为差异有统计学意义。结果AITP组、CITP组患儿CD41+TLR2+、CD61+TLR4+阳性率显著低于对照组(P<0.01);并且AITP组显著低于CITP组(P<0.01);两者的表达呈正相关(rs=0.65,P<0.01)。结论联合检测外周血血小板表面TLR2和TLR4表达的变化有助于进一步研究儿童ITP的发病机制,有望成为ITP患儿早期分型的指标之一。     

The Emergence and Functional Fitness of Memory CD4+ T Cells Require the Transcription Factor Thpok

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The gut microbiome in food allergy

Objective

To review observational human, murine, and interventional trial studies that have examined the gut microbiome in food allergy, and to provide perspective on future investigations in this field.

Mucosal bromodomain-containing protein 4 mediates aeroallergen-induced inflammation and remodeling

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骨折不愈合的诊断及治疗建议

骨折的愈合是一个复杂的过程,能否成功愈合取决于多种内源和外源因子,愈合过程中的一些因素改变往往导致骨折的延迟愈合甚至骨不连。骨不连的发生率在5%～10%之间,随着严重损伤患者数量增多,骨不连发生率亦在随之增加。骨不连有很高的社会经济负担,主要是由间接成本造成的,如由于治疗时间长而造成的生产力损失。近年来,对于骨不连发病的影响因素、诊断及治疗方式的研究加深了外科医师对骨不连的认识。随着对骨不连认识的不断深入,外科医师对骨折的早期处理也进行了改善,从而降低了骨不连发生的风险,另外对骨不连本身的处理方式也得以进一步改良。本文的目的即在于回顾目前已发表的文献,以期增加临床医师对骨不连这一骨折并发症的认识以及为临床上选择恰当合理的治疗方法提供参考。     

Interferon-γ upregulates Δ42PD1 expression on human monocytes via the PI3K/AKT pathway

BackgroundWe recently identified a novel alternatively spliced isoform of human programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), named Δ42PD1, which contains a 42-base-pair in-frame deletion compared with the full-length PD-1. Δ42PD1 is likely constitutively expressed on human monocytes and down-regulated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The mechanism underlying the regulation of Δ42PD-1 expression in monocytes remains unknown.MethodsBy flow cytometry, we investigated the effect of Interferon-gamma (INF-γ) on the expression of Δ42PD1 in primary human monocytes as well as monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937 cells. In addition, signaling pathway inhibitors and Δ42PD1-specific blocking antibody were used to explore the pathway involved in INF-γ-induced Δ42PD1 upregulation, and to elucidate the relationship between Δ42PD1 and TNF-α or IL-6 production by INF-γ primed monocytes in response to pre-fixed E. coli. Furthermore, we assessed T-cell proliferation, activation and cytokine production as enriched CD4⁺ T cells were co-cultured with THP-1 or U937 cells, with or without Δ42PD1-blocking antibody.ResultsTreatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IFN-γ resulted in an approximately 4-fold increase in the expression of Δ42PD1 on monocytes. Similarly, IFN-γ upregulates Δ42PD1 expression on human monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. IFN-γ-induced Δ42PD1 upregulation was abolished by JAK inhibitors Ruxolitinib and Tasocitinib, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and AKT inhibitor MK-2206, respectively, but not by STAT1 inhibitor and MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors. JAK, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK signaling inhibitors abolished effectively the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in INF-γ-primed monocytes in response to pre-fixed E. coli. In contrast, Δ42PD1-specific blocking antibody did not affect the IFN-γ-induced priming effect. Furthermore, the MFI ratio of Δ42PD1 to full-length PD-1 (PD-1 Δ/F ratio) was significantly and positively correlated with TNF-α (P = 0.0289, r = 0.6038) produced by circulating CD14⁺ monocytes in response to pre-fixed E. coli. Notably, Δ42PD1 blockage significantly inhibited CD4⁺ T-cells proliferation and cytokine production in the co-culture conditions.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that IFN-γ increases Δ42PD1 expression on human monocytes via activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway downstream of JAKs, and that the PD-1 Δ/F ratio is a potential biomarker to predict the functional state of monocytes. Notably, we revealed the Δ42PD1 play a role in T-cell regulation, providing a novel potential approach to manipulate adaptive immune response.     

Forensic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 23 Y-STR loci in the Miao population from Guizhou province,southwest China

Background: Investigation of haplotype/allele frequency data of Y-STR loci in ethnically diverse populations is essential for forensic reference database construction and genetic application. However, the population genetic characteristics of the Chinese Miao minority from Guizhou Province remain uncharacterised.

Aim: To assess forensic characteristics for 23 Y-Chromosomal STR loci in Guizhou Miao and explore population genetic relationships with geographically neighbouring populations.

Subjects and methods: Twenty-three Y-Chromosomal STRs were genotyped using the Powerplex^® Y23 system in 103 unrelated Chinese Miao males from Guizhou Province, southwest China. Haplotypes and forensic parameters were obtained. Population relationships of Guizhou Miao with others were revealed using AMOVA and an MDS plot.

Results: A total of 96 haplotypes were identified with overall haplotype diversity (HD) and discrimination capacity (DC) of 0.9985 and 0.9320, respectively. Genetic differentiation was observed with most of the comparison populations, prominently for Guizhou Shui.

Conclusion: The 23 Y-STR loci were highly polymorphic and discriminating in the Guizhou Miao population and could be used for forensic practice and population genetic studies. Population relationship analysis revealed Guizhou Miao had a close genetic relationship with geographically close Guizhou Gelao, as well as Han majorities derived from different regions.