Solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancing vinpocetine's oral bioavailability.

An ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique was adopted to prepare vinpocetine loaded Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) nanodispersions with narrow size distribution. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to prepare nanoparticle using an ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique. The mean particle size and droplet size distribution, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential, and long-term physical stability of the SLNs were investigated in detail respectively. Drug release from two sorts of VIN-SLN was studied using a dialysis bag method. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) VIN in different formulations, it was found that the relative bioavailability of VIN in SLNs was significantly increased compared with that of the VIN solution. The amount of surfactant also had a marked effect on the oral absorption of VIN with SLN formulations. The absorption mechanism of the SLN formulations was also discussed. These results indicated that VIN absorption is enhanced significantly by employing SLN formulations. SLNs offer a new approach to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.     

中老年女性练习五禽戏时的实时心率变化

目的 监测中老年女性练习1套五禽戏新功法时的实时心率变化。方法 随机选择健康、自愿参加测试的五禽戏练习者35人，监测练习1套五禽戏时的实时心率变化。结果 练习1套五禽戏，中年女性组平均心率达靶心率时间为9min，平均最大心率122次／min，较安静心率增加44次／min；老年女性组平均心率达靶心率时间11min，平均最大心率131次／min，较安静心率提高55次／min。结论 五禽戏是一项适合中老年女性的健身项目。     

河南农村中医药文化的发展阶段与特征初探

河南是中医药文化的发祥地之一,在华夏文明、黄河文明和中原文化的滋养中产生了中医药文化,中医药文化作为传统文化的代表又进一步丰富发展了中原文化、黄河文明,成为中华中医药文化的主要贡献者、创造者、发展者。中医药文化是农业文化的典型代表,与农村农民农业有着天然的联系,特别是在以农业生产为主的河南大地生根发芽,经历萌芽期、形成期、固化成熟期、没落期、复兴期、严峻考验期六个时期,并具有原创性、完整性、包容性等特色。随着时代的发展,农村单一化发展模式被打破,要促进农村中医药文化的复兴,就要与时俱进,继承创新。     

电针分型预测结合面神经肌电图治疗周围性面神经麻痹80例

目的:观察电针穴位分型预测与面神经肌电图检查相结合,治疗周围性面神经麻痹的临床疗效。方法:选择2002-09/2005-02济南第四人民医院门诊及住院80例周围性面神经麻痹患者,按电针穴位分型法划分为一般型和顽固型,一般型为电针1组,顽固型分为电针2组、综合治疗组。电针1组、电针2组均都采用电针治疗:取穴阳白、太阳、地仓、下关、风池、翳风、迎香、攒竹、承浆。均取患侧。同时取健侧的合谷。针刺得气后采用电针治疗仪治疗,频率120～250次/min,每次留针30min,治疗1次/d,10次为1个疗程,休息两天,再行第2个疗程。综合治疗组:在常规电针治疗的同时,针刺时均采用中等手法刺激,同时加取双侧足三里穴,均采用补法,每10min行针1次,面部患侧采用特定电磁波照射,以下关、翳风穴为主进行局部照射,距离30～40cm,温度舒适为宜,每次电针加照射40min,1次/d,10次为1个疗程,休息两天再进行第2个疗程。所有患者均行面部面神经肌电图检查。结果:80例患者进入结果分析,无脱落者。①各组疗效的比较:电针1组43例中42例痊愈,占95%,顽固型37例仅痊愈15例,电针2组和综合治疗组分别占30%,53%,差异明显(P<0.05)。②各分型患者有效病例疗程长短比较:电针1组基本上在两个疗程内痊愈,电针2组,综合治疗组多在两三个疗程或3个疗程后好转,治疗时间较长。③不同分型患者面神经潜伏期M波比较:80例患侧面神经运动潜伏期有不同程度的延长,M波波幅降低,与健侧比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。其中患健侧M波波幅比值>505例、50%～302例,<30例,3个月后随访,M波波幅比值<30%中的5例仍有明显面瘫体征,>30%的67例中面瘫体征基本恢复。④按肌电图分型标准各型所占比例数比较:按肌电图分类的一般型43例中治愈41例,占95%,而顽固型中,按肌电图分类的轻中型31例中痊愈15例,占48%,无效的5例均提示为重度失神经性损害。虽然面神经肌电图,从面神经运动潜伏期是否延长及根据其失神经性损害进行分类,判断患者预后有一定的准确性,但同电针穴位分型两法合用,分型预测更直接明确。结论:电针分型可以预测该病的预后,对比面神经肌电图情况,判断其预后基本一致。同时根据分型,及时调整治疗方案,可减少后遗症的发生。     

知识三分法在儿童发展与教育中的意义

目的：根据儿童获取知识的方式对知识进行分类，探讨合适的认知教育方式。方法：从认知心理学角度，根据儿童获得和掌握知识的特点，对知识进行归纳和比较。结果：提出了记忆、理解和体验三类知识划分的概念、获取方式和特征。①记忆类知识的掌握主要依赖于单纯的识记，较少涉及理解和经验，具有很强的继承性和传播性。②理解类知识的掌握主要依赖于逻辑，记忆处于相对次要的地位，也具有可继承性和可传播性。③体验类知识的掌握在很大程度上依赖于经验或体验，以及在体验基础上的感悟。记忆和逻辑思维仅处于相对次要的位置，具有非继承性和非传播性：结论：记忆、理解和体验三类知识的增长均与儿童年龄的增长相关。其中体验类知识不能通过传统的课堂教学和教材来获得，对这类知识的特性与学习掌握方式的探讨于儿童的健康成长和知识扩展尤为重要。     

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Produces an Antinociceptive Response Phase and Inhibits Astrocyte Activation and Inflammatory Response in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment has been proven to be a promising candidate for protection of the nervous system after acute injury in animal models of neuropathic pain. The purposes of this study were to examine the antinociceptive response phase induced by HBO treatment in a model of neuropathic pain and to determine the dependence of the treatment's mechanism of alleviating neuropathic pain on the inhibition of spinal astrocyte activation. Neuropathic pain was induced in rats by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Mechanical threshold and thermal latency were tested preoperatively and for 1 week postoperatively, four times daily at fixed time points. Methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) parameters were used as indices of oxidative stress response and tested before and after the treatment. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 were assayed in the sciatic nerve were with enzyme-linked immunoassay. Glial fibrillary acidic protein activation in the spinal cord was evaluated immunohistochemically. The rats exhibited temporary allodynia immediately after HBO treatment completion. This transient allodynia was closely associated with changes in MDA and SOD levels. A single HBO treatment caused a short-acting antinociceptive response phase. Repetitive HBO treatment led to a long-acting antinociceptive response phase and inhibited astrocyte activation. These results indicated that HBO treatment played a dual role in the aggravation and alleviation of neuropathic pain, though the aggravated pain effect (transient allodynia) was far less pronounced than the antinociceptive phase. Astrocyte inhibition and anti-inflammation may contribute to the antinociceptive effect of HBO treatment after nerve injury.     

mir-300 Promotes Self-Renewal and Inhibits the Differentiation of Glioma Stem-Like Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have been critically implicated in several human cancers. miRNAs are thought to participate in various biological processes, including proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and even the regulation of the stemness properties of cancer stem cells. In this study, we explore the potential role of miR-300 in glioma stem-like cells (GSLCs). We isolated GSLCs from glioma biopsy specimens and identified the stemness properties of the cells through neurosphere formation assays, multilineage differentiation ability analysis, and immunofluorescence analysis of glioma stem cell markers. We found that miR-300 is commonly upregulated in glioma tissues, and the expression of miR-300 was higher in GSLCs. The results of functional experiments demonstrated that miR-300 can enhance the self-renewal of GSLCs and reduce differentiation toward both astrocyte and neural fates. In addition, LZTS2 is a direct target of miR-300. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the critical role of miR-300 in GSLCs and its functions in LZTS2 inhibition and describe a new approach for the molecular regulation of tumor stem cells.