汉族男子体格及生殖器发育特点

2411例汉族男性大学生体格和生殖器的测量结果如下:阴茎周径8.17±0.64cm,阴茎长度7.43±1.04cm,阴茎牵长13.33±1.19cm,右睾丸容积17.91±4.09ml,左睾丸容积17.83±4.05ml,身高171.07±5.66cm,体重58.43±7.75kg.北方学生体格和生殖器发育均优于南方.城、县、乡学生的生殖器发育无明显差异,但城市学生体格发育优于农村.16岁后阴茎、睾丸大小变化不大,但生殖器的发育可持续到30岁.     

音猬因子的功能受体斑片在培养神经干细胞中的表达

目的　观察在培养的神经干细胞内是否有发育调控分子———音猬因子 (sonichedgehog)功能受体———斑片 (patched)表达。　方法　神经干细胞克隆在体外培养传代后 ,用patched的特异性引物对培养的神经干细胞进行RT PCR分析 ,PCR产物经克隆测序后 ,用地高辛标记克隆的探针 ,对神经干细胞进行原位杂交分析。　结果　神经干细胞克隆内大量的细胞均可表达sonichedgehog的功能受体patched ,patched阳性细胞间未见明显差别 ,克隆边缘与中央的patched分布也未见明显差别。　结论　sonichedgehog信号传导路可能在神经干细胞的增殖与分化过程中起重要作用。     

Significance of cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in evaluating antichronic myeloid leukemia efficacy of different immune effector cells

We report on the antileukemia effect of interleukin 2 (IL2) on different immune cells from 22 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Bone marrow cells from these patients were first cultured in modified long-term bone marrow culture medium for several days, then separately cultured with lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK), cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK), and dendritic cell cocultured CIK (DC-CIK) for another 1-2 days. They were then detected for presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) by cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The percentage of Ph-chromosome-positive cells in the bone marrow mononuclear cells after culturing with CIK and DC-CIK was significantly lower than that after culturing with IL2 or LAK. Our results demonstrate that cytogenetics and FISH are useful techniques for the evaluation of the anti-CML effect of immune cells and that CIK or DC-CIK can be appropriate candidates for adoptive immune cell therapy in vivo or for leukemia cell purging ex vivo.     

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: clinicopathological features with an emphasis on uterine cervical involvement.

We report on the clinical and histological features of five cases of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, with an emphasis on its involvement of the uterine cervix. All five patients were of reproductive age (median age 38.4 years) and all, except one, presented with vaginal bleeding 3 to 18 years after the most recent pregnancy. One patient presented with amenorrhea. Elevation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was seen in four cases. Pathologically, the tumor involved endocervix in three cases and involved uterine corpus in another two. All five tumors were invasive, nodular lesions consisting of epithelioid intermediate trophoblastic cells that were mononuclear with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, along with zones of hyaline material and necrotic debris. In three cases of cervical involvement, the neoplastic cells focally replaced endocervical surface and glandular epithelium, simulating high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Immunohistochemically, all five tumors displayed focal positivity for human placental lactogen and hCG. Positive nuclear staining of p63 was seen in all five cases. All patients received total hysterectomy and various regimes of adjuvant chemotherapy. Three patients survived the tumor with no recurrences or metastases with follow-up periods of 3, 7 and 16 years. One patient is currently alive with lung metastasis 1 month after the surgery. One patient died of tumor metastasis 8 months after the diagnosis. In summary, with its unusual ability to simulate an invasive squamous cell carcinoma and other epithelioid neoplasms, epithelioid trophoblastic tumor frequently poses a diagnostic challenge, especially when involving the uterine cervix. High index of suspicion and an awareness of elevation of serum chorionic gonadotropin are crucial in reaching a correct diagnosis.     

器官培养在研究人食管上皮癌变中的应用

将组织块置于明胶海绵上,摇摆器官培养,4～6周后成人食管粘膜仍保持良好的结构形态,具有活跃生长的上皮细胞和良好的腺体结构;将组织块贴壁,静置外植块—细胞培养,成人食管粘膜和胎儿食管组织块可存活2～3个月,提供大量生长旺盛的上皮细胞。成人食管癌旁粘膜培养利于观察细胞癌前改变,可能较易于诱发癌变;胎儿食管具有正常背景,利于研究细胞癌变的全过程.二者配合可组成研究人食管上皮癌变的完整体外实验系统。     

低分子肝素钙抗凝对多囊卵巢综合征所致不孕症患者来曲唑诱导排卵疗效的影响

目的分析低分子肝素钙抗凝对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)所致不孕症患者来曲唑诱导排卵疗效的影响。方法选取2014年1月—2019年1月九江市第三人民医院和彭泽县妇幼保健院收治的156例PCOS所致不孕症患者,采用随机数字表分成两组,每组78例。对照组口服来曲唑治疗,观察组采取口服来曲唑联合低分子肝素钙注射液治疗。比较两组的疗效、子宫内膜容受性、凝血功能指标、促排卵结局及不良反应。结果观察组总有效率[94.87%(74/78)]显著高于对照组[80.77%(63/78)],差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.252,P=0.007)。治疗后,观察组子宫内膜厚度、子宫动脉搏动指数(PI)及阻力指数(RI)分别为(9.75±1.03)mm、(1.30±0.26)及(0.58±0.12),对照组子宫内膜厚度、PI及RI分别为(7.48±0.95)mm、(1.71±0.33)及(0.66±0.11),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=14.308,8.619,4.340,均P<0.05)。治疗后,两组凝血功能指标比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组妊娠率[52.56%(41/78)]显著高于对照组[32.05%(25/78)],自然流产率[2.44%(1/41)]显著低于对照组[16.00%(4/25)],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率[16.67%(13/78)]与对照组[12.82%(10/78)]比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.459,P=0.498)。结论PCOS所致不孕症患者在应用来曲唑诱导排卵的同时联合低分子肝素钙抗凝治疗能有效改善患者的凝血-纤溶状态,明显提高患者的子宫内膜容受性,改善促排卵结局。     

成都市暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病关联分析及脆弱人群亚组识别

目的 刻画成都市2011—2017年暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病(Hand, foot and mouth disease,HFMD)之间的短期滞后关系,并进一步量化在不同性别、年龄亚组中的效应,识别脆弱人群。方法 收集整理成都市2011年1月1日—2017年12月31日的15岁以下HFMD日发病数、气象因子和暴雨洪涝发生情况数据。以暴雨洪涝为关键自变量,运用准泊松分布滞后模型,探讨了暴雨洪涝发生后0~14天的滞后效应。结果 研究发现暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病呈正相关关系。0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后效应分别为1.11(95% CI:1.01~1.22)和1.21 (95% CI:1.04~1.41)。性别和年龄亚组分析分别表明,男童和3岁以下儿童（<1岁婴儿和1~2岁幼儿亚组）存在单日滞后统计显著的正相关关系,且0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后均显著;女童的单日滞后没有统计学意义,仅0~14天累计滞后统计显著,且效应略低于男童（女童: RR =1.23(1.00~1.51),男童: RR =1.26(1.06~1.51)）;<1岁婴儿0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后效应最强,分别为1.26(95%CI:1.02~1.57)和1.68(95%CI:1.20~2.34)。结论 暴雨洪涝会增加儿童患HFMD的风险,尤其是男童和3岁以下的婴幼儿（对1岁以下的婴儿的影响最大）。利益相关者应充分意识到暴雨洪涝的健康风险。家庭、社区、学校和政府应共同努力,减少暴雨洪涝相关的儿童HFMD。     

基于“正虚邪滞”理论探讨肺癌自噬机制及中药干预进展

自噬是一种细胞自我保护和自我更新机制,与肺癌的发生发展密切相关,有利自噬可以减缓肺癌进展,而不利自噬能够促进肺癌进展,故调节自噬水平在肺癌治疗中具有重要意义。“正虚邪滞”是王永炎院士“虚气留滞”理论的延伸,是指因肺脾肾气亏虚,引发津液代谢异常,导致痰瘀阻滞的病理过程,以肺脾肾气亏虚为本、痰瘀阻滞为标,是肺癌的关键病机。肺癌的自噬机制与“正虚邪滞”有着相互贯通之处,肺脾肾气亏虚是肺癌有利自噬减弱的关键因素,进而抑制了肿瘤细胞凋亡,并导致有害物质蓄积;痰瘀阻滞是肺癌不利自噬增强的直接因素,进而促进了正常细胞自噬性死亡,削弱了免疫细胞对肿瘤细胞的免疫抑制作用,导致肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移。正虚与邪滞相合,致使自噬状态向着不利的方向不断发展,最终导致肺癌持续进展。因此,中医干预肺癌自噬机制需以扶正抗邪为原则,补益正气以治其本,祛痰化瘀以治其标,增强有利自噬的同时抑制不利自噬,将自噬水平调节到最佳状态,从而抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移,促进肺癌的缓解。通过分析现有文献可知,目前通过自噬途径治疗肺癌的中医药以中药单体为主,中医药干预肺癌自噬的作用主要集中在促进自噬激活层面,这可能是因为藉由肺脾肾气亏虚引发的有利自噬减弱是肺癌发展的根本原因。