BALF-GM联合曲霉IgG及IgM抗体对慢性肺曲霉病的诊断价值

目的 探讨肺泡灌洗液半乳甘露聚糖（BALF-GM）联合曲霉IgG、IgM抗体检测在慢性肺曲霉病（CPA）中的诊断价值。方法 将确诊为CPA的88例患者作为研究组,疑似CPA经确诊后排除的64例患者作为对照组。回顾性分析所有患者的BALF-GM、曲霉IgG及IgM抗体水平,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析各检测方法BALF-GM、曲霉IgG、IgM及其联合检测对CPA的诊断价值。结果 BALF-GM诊断CPA价值较高,曲霉IgG、IgM等指标及其联合检测的诊断价值较低,BALF-GM联合曲霉IgG/IgM检测灵敏度有明显提高,但特异度下降。研究组BALF-GM、曲霉IgG、IgM含量均高于对照组,2组比较差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）;2组BALF-GM、曲霉IgG、IgM及联合检测阳性率比较差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示BALF-GM诊断CPA、BALF-GM+曲霉IgG/IgM联合诊断CPA的曲线下面积均较高,灵敏度、特异度高,曲霉IgG、IgM及IgG/IgM联合检测的诊断价值均较低。结论 BALF-GM诊断CPA具有较高的灵敏度和特异度;BALF-GM联合曲霉IgG/IgM检测可提高其诊断灵敏度,但特异度会显著降低,因此需结合BALF-GM单独检测的高特异度来尽量降低假阴性的发生。     

Predictive Value of Ercc1 and Xpd Polymorphisms for Clinical Outcomes of Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Prisma-Compliant Meta-Analysis

Excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) play important roles in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. The correlation between ERCC1 polymorphisms (rs11615 and rs3212986) and XPD polymorphisms (rs13181 and rs1799793) with the response rate and overall survival of cancer patients who accept neoadjuvant therapy has been extensively investigated. However, the results are inconclusive.In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the strength of this correlation.A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, PubMed, and Embase up to February 2015.A review of all titles and abstracts was performed by 2 of the authors to screen the articles based on the eligibility criteria. Clinical trials, observational studies, and epidemiological studies describing ERCC polymorphisms and neoadjuvant treatment were considered for review.The response rate was analyzed using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall survival was assessed using the hazard ratio (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals.In the present meta-analysis, we demonstrated that the ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism was significantly correlated with the response rate of esophageal cancer patients to neoadjuvant therapy (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.31–0.76, heterogeneity P = 0.480). Furthermore, a considerable correlation was observed between ERCC1 rs11615 and the response rate of esophageal cancer patients to neoadjuvant therapy (OR = 0.228, 95% CI = 0.125–0.418, heterogeneity P = 0.291). No correlation was observed in the meta-analysis of overall survival. The individual studies included in our study differed in their patient selection and therapeutic protocols, which might lead to some bias in the results.These findings indicate that the ERCC1 rs11615 and ERCC1 rs312986 polymorphisms may be candidate pharmacogenomic factors capable of predicting the response rate of esophageal cancer patients who accept neoadjuvant therapy. Further studies are warranted.     

Insect cell-expressed hemagglutinin with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides plus alum as an adjuvant is a potential pandemic influenza vaccine candidate

Vaccination is the most effective method used to reduce the morbidity and mortality of influenza infections. However, as exemplified in the current swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) pandemic, the global manufacturing capacity of influenza vaccines is severely limited. In the present proof-of-concept study, we combined cell substrate selection and antigen engineering with adjuvant development to design a potential pandemic influenza vaccine candidate, in which CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) plus alum was used as a composite adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity of insect cell-expressed recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA). Our candidate vaccine was found to be effective in inducing protective humoral as well as cellular immunity in mice and able to protect the immunized mice from related influenza virus challenge. If this candidate vaccine is validated in humans, vaccine development can be started immediately after the release of the first HA sequence of any pandemic influenza virus. Moreover, given the potential of large-scale manufacturing capacity of the recombinant antigen, in combination with the antigen-sparing effect of the composite adjuvant, this technology could be an invaluable asset in the fight against pandemic influenza.     

内镜下钬激光治疗早期上尿路上皮肿瘤特殊病例1O例报告

目的探讨内镜下钬激光治疗特殊早期上尿路上皮肿瘤的安全性及有效性。方法2002年4月～2010年5月,对10例不适合行根治性。肾输尿管切除术的早期上尿路上皮肿瘤患者行内镜下钬激光治疗,其中输尿管肿瘤7例（1例合并膀胱肿瘤）,肾盂肿瘤3例。单发7例,多发3例。术前肿瘤分期cTa～cT1。3例对侧已行肾输尿管全长切除,2例孤立肾,3例肾功能不全,1例2～3级心功能不全,1例肿瘤小（〈1cm,位于。肾盂,单发且表浅）。输尿管硬镜治疗7例,软镜1例,微通道经皮肾镜2例。术后行丝裂霉素上尿路及膀胱灌注化疗。结果10例术后随访2年,无肿瘤死亡。1例术后6个月输尿管狭窄,其余均未出现大出血、严重感染、周围脏器损伤及全身肿瘤转移。复发4例,其中1例输尿管合并膀胱肿瘤者膀胱内复发,1例为肾盂内单发肿瘤复发,2例为输尿管单发肿瘤复发。该4例随访5年,1例未见肿瘤复发与转移,3例复发3—4次,且为尿路多处复发,行肾盂输尿管癌根治术,其中2例术后血液透析1年内肿瘤转移死亡。结论对不适合行根治性肾输尿管切除术的早期上尿路上皮肿瘤,内镜下钬激光治疗短期内是安全有效的。     

跌倒与双足静力性平衡及羧化不全骨钙素水平的相关性分析

目的探讨老年人跌倒与双足静力性平衡及羧化不全骨钙素(uc OC)水平的关系。方法收集我院2016年10月至2017年1月查体中心健康查体的125例健康老年人(1年内无跌倒史的31例、1次跌倒史的31例、2次跌倒史的30例、3次及更多跌倒史的33例)进行研究,使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清uc OC水平,应用Footscan Balance 7.7平板式足底压力测试系统检测受试者双足静止站立时压力中心(center of pressure,COP)的移动轨迹,以及包绕压力中心移动轨迹的椭圆面积(95%confidence ellipse area,EA),评价静力性平衡能力,各组之间进行比较。结果各组受试者在年龄、性别、体重指数、腰臀比等方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),老年人跌倒组较对照组,Cop X,Cop Y均无明显差异,跌倒组较对照组压力中心移动总长度TTW、包绕95%压力中心移动轨迹在内的椭圆面积(EA)差异有统计学意义(P0.05),同时跌倒组较对照组羧化不全骨钙素升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论老年人跌倒次数与静力性平衡能力呈负相关,且与羧化不全骨钙素水平呈正相关。     

椎弓根螺钉结合骨盆牵引治疗中老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨中老年人胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的治疗方法。方法回顾2004年8月至2010年2月,使用胸腰椎后路椎弓根螺钉固定结合术前骨盆牵引的方法治疗中老年人胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的55例患者,男38例,女17例。患者年龄50～74岁,平均年龄58.4岁,平均伤后6.8d行胸腰椎后路手术治疗。骨盆牵引后仍存在神经受损症状的患者,行胸腰椎后路椎板减压,骨折椎体敲击复位,植骨融合内固定术;牵引后神经损害症状完全消失的患者则行后路复位植骨融合椎弓根螺钉固定术。术后平均随访时间2年半。结果经术前骨盆牵引,患者骨折椎体的前后缘高度、后突Cobb角得到明显纠正,患者神经症状恢复明显。本组病例中,8例患者经术前骨盆牵引,神经症状得到完全恢复。椎板打开减压组的手术平均出血量以及手术时间明显多于非减压组。经最终随访,所有患者骨折均愈合,无断钉或螺钉松动等并发症,35例伴有神经损伤的患者中,20例神经症状完全恢复,11例存在少量神经损伤残留症状。结论椎弓根螺钉结合骨盆牵引治疗中老年人胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,可减少手术操作的创伤,增加手术的成功率,有助于患者的最终恢复。     

罗汉果根化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

从葫芦科植物罗汉果Siraitiagrosvenori（Swingle）C．Jeffery根的脂溶性部位，分离并鉴定另2个新的葫芦烷型失碳三萜酸罗汉果酸丙（siraiticacidC）和罗汉果酸丁（siraiticacidD）。     

我国居民签约家庭医生意愿率的Meta分析

背景2016年我国开始在医联体内推行家庭医生签约服务制度,期望改变基层医疗卫生服务模式,提升基层服务能力。目前,我国居民签约家庭医生的意愿不清,了解当前居民签约家庭医生的意愿情况,分析其影响因素,有利于我国家庭医生签约制度的推行。目的系统评价我国居民签约家庭医生的意愿率,分析其影响因素。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网、PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library等数据库,收集我国居民签约家庭医生意愿相关的文献,检索时限为2009-01-01至2018-06-01。由2名研究者独立筛选文献并提取数据,对纳入研究偏倚风险进行评价。采用Stata 12.0统计软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入34篇文献,调查时间范围2011—2017年,包括32 326例居民,有签约意愿的居民人数为20 344例,签约意愿率为62.9%[95%CI(56.7%,68.6%)]。根据地区、调查时间、性别、民族、年龄、文化程度、职业、是否知晓家庭医生服务及健康状况进行亚组分析,结果显示,民族、是否了解家庭医生服务是影响居民签约意愿的因素(P<0.05)。居民不愿签约的原因主要有:(1)不了解家庭医生服务;(2)不信任全科医生的能力;(3)怕自己就医受限;(4)担心社区设备差或药品受限;(5)不清楚签约的好处;(6)担心签约费用;(7)医生服务的态度差;(8)没有需求。结论我国居民签约家庭医生意愿率为62.9%,民族、是否了解家庭医生服务是影响居民签约意愿的因素。     

Melatonin‐mediated miR‐526b‐3p and miR‐590‐5p upregulation promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), with inherent chondrogenic differentiation potential appear to be ideally suited for therapeutic use in cartilage regeneration. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that melatonin can promote chondrogenic differentiation in human BMSCs. However, little is known about the mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate the differentiation of BMSCs, but their roles in melatonin‐promoted chondrogenic differentiation have not been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that melatonin promoted chondrogenic differentiation of human BMSCs via upregulation of miR‐526b‐3p and miR‐590‐5p. Mechanistically, the elevated miR‐526b‐3p and miR‐590‐5p enhanced SMAD1 phosphorylation by targeting SMAD7. Additionally, administration of miR‐526b‐3p mimics or miR‐590‐5p mimics successfully promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of human BMSCs. Collectively, our study suggests that modification of BMSCs using melatonin or miRNA transduction could be an effective therapy for cartilage damage and degeneration.