平衡膳食指导手册在营养干预和宣传教育中的应用

目的应用平衡膳食指导手册在样本人群中进行营养干预和宣传教育,并对其应用情况进行评估。方法应用膳食质量快速评价表进行膳食质量快速评价,应用平衡膳食指导手册进行结果反馈、营养宣传教育和干预指导,分别应用自填问卷法和专题小组讨论法对平衡膳食指导手册进行研究对象和调查员评估。结果对414名研究对象所提的18条建议中,第1位的为“增加谷类食物品种”,建议率为95.9%;参加研究对象评估的380人中,96.6%表示可以接受这种膳食指导形式,82.4%表示在今后生活中能按照平衡膳食指导手册来调整膳食;调查员评估认为,使用平衡膳食指导手册对评价结果进行及时反馈,“既能够让研究对象了解自身膳食结构中存在的问题,又能对研究对象的食物摄入中存在问题进行有针对性的膳食指导”。结论平衡膳食指导手册是进行营养干预和宣传教育的有力工具。     

Effect of the Surface Morphology of Porous Coatings on Secondary Electron Yield of Metal Surface

Surface roughening is an important material surface treatment technique, and it is particularly useful for use in secondary electron yield (SEY) suppression on metal surfaces. Porous structures produced via roughening on coatings have been confirmed to reduce SEY, but the regulation strategy and the influence of process parameters both remain unclear in the practical fabrication of effective porous structures. In this paper, the effect of the surface morphology of porous coatings on the SEY of aluminum alloy substrates was studied. Surface characterization and SEY measurements were carried out for samples with a specific process technique on their surfaces. An exponential fitting model of the correlation between surface roughness and the peak values of SEY curves, δm, was summarized. Furthermore, an implementation strategy to enable low surface SEY was achieved from the analysis of the effect of process parameters on surface morphology formation. This work will aid our understanding of the effect of the irregular surface morphology of porous coatings on SEY, thereby revealing low-cost access to the realization of an easy-to-scale process that enables low SEY.     

Imaging Findings of Hepatic Ewing’s Sarcoma on Computed Tomography and Gadobenate Dimeglumine-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Report and Literature Review

Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a tumor that often occurs in the long bones and rarely arises from visceral organs primarily. Here, we report a case of primary hepatic ES, discuss its computed tomography (CT) and gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance (MRI) features. This is the first Chinese and fifth primary hepatic ES case reported, based on a literature review. Imaging examinations showed that the tumor was solid, with necrosis and hemorrhage. Contrast-enhanced images showed that the tumor was hypervascular and especially had heterogeneous signal intensity on hepatobiliary phase MRI images. Intratumoral vessels and vascular invasion were also present.     

音乐疗法联合理性情绪疗法对宫颈癌患者情绪 希望水平及自我护理能力的影响

目的探讨音乐疗法联合理性情绪疗法对宫颈癌患者情绪、希望水平及自我护理能力的影响。方法将120例宫颈癌患者按照随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各60例。两组均给予常规护理干预,研究组在此基础上给予音乐疗法联合理性情绪疗法干预。干预前后采用希望水平量表评定两组希望水平,自我护理能力量表评定两组自我护理能力,一般自我效能感量表评定两组自我效能感,癌症患者生活质量核心调查问卷评定两组生活质量,干预后比较两组干预满意度。结果干预后两组焦虑自评量表及抑郁自评量表评分均较干预前显著降低(P<0.01),研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。干预后两组希望水平量表、自我护理能力量表、一般自我效能感量表、癌症患者生活质量核心调查问卷各维度评分均较干预前显著升高(P<0.01),研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.01),研究组干预总满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论音乐疗法联合理性情绪疗法有利于提升宫颈癌患者的自我护理能力及希望水平,缓解负性情绪,改善自我效能,提高生活质量,干预满意度较高。     

Piperlongumine increases the sensitivity of bladder cancer to cisplatin by mitochondrial ROS

BackgroundThe development of cisplatin resistance often results in cisplatin inefficacy in advanced or recurrent bladder cancer. However, effective treatment strategies for cisplatin resistance have not been well established.MethodsGene expression was measured by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. CCK‐8 assay was performed to detect cell survival. The number of apoptotic cells was determined using the Annexin V‐PI double‐staining assay. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using 2’,7''‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent dye, and the ATP level was detected using an ATP measurement kit.ResultsThe expression of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key regulator of necroptosis, gradually decreased during cisplatin resistance. We first used piperlongumine (PL) in combination with cisplatin to act on cisplatin‐resistant BC cells and found that PL‐induced activation of RIPK1 increased the sensitivity of T24 resistant cells to cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, we revealed that PL killed T24 cisplatin‐resistant cells by triggering necroptosis, because cell death could be rescued by the mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) protein inhibitor necrotic sulfonamide or MLKL siRNA, but could not be suppressed by the apoptosis inhibitor z‐VAD. We further explored the specific mechanism and found that PL activated RIPK1 to induce necroptosis in cisplatin‐resistant cells by stimulating mitochondrial fission to produce excessive ROS.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated the role of RIPK1 in cisplatin‐resistant cells and the sensitization effect of the natural drug PL on bladder cancer. These may provide a new treatment strategy for overcoming cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer.     

江苏省2012-2014年慢性HBV感染者HBeAg血清学转换后再逆转的特征分析

目的 了解慢性HBV感染者HBeAg血清学转换后发生HBeAg逆转的流行病学特征,为推进慢性HBV感染者的规范管理提供依据。方法 2012-2014年对在江苏省传染病防治示范区建立的已发生HBeAg血清学转换的慢性HBV感染者队列开展定期随访。通过Cox回归分析慢性HBV感染者HBeAg血清学转换后HBeAg逆转的特征及影响因素,通过重复测量数据方差分析方法分析不同HBeAg转归者HBV DNA的变化趋势。结果 2012年5 068例已发生HBeAg血清学转换的慢性HBV感染者［平均年龄（51.9±12.8）岁］随访至2014年时121例发生HBeAg逆转,观察9 359人年,HBeAg逆转率为1.3/100人年。HBeAg逆转率随年龄增长逐渐降低,从<20岁年龄组的4.7/100人年下降至≥60岁年龄组的1.0/100人年。HBV DNA<2 000 IU/ml的感染者HBeAg逆转率为1.1/100人年,低于≥200 000 IU/ml者（3.8/100人年）。通过Cox多元回归分析,相对于HBV DNA<2 000 IU/ml者,HBV DNA≥200 000 IU/ml的感染者HBeAg逆转可能性增大（HR=3.44,95% CI：1.91～6.20,P=0.000）。HBeAg逆转组的HBV DNA和ALT较HBeAg持续阴性组均上升更快（P=0.000）。结论 社区人群中已发生HBeAg血清学转换的慢性HBV感染者有一定比例会发生HBeAg逆转,低年龄段和高病毒载量者的HBeAg逆转率高。对已发生HBeAg血清学转换的慢性HBV感染者应定期随访管理。     

山西营养与慢性病家庭队列人群体质指数与死亡率的关系

目的 分析山西营养与慢性病家庭队列人群BMI与总死亡率的关系。方法 以"2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查"山西省调查人群为基线建立队列，于2015年12月至2016年3月对研究对象进行随访调查，对逝者进行死因回顾调查。2002年基线信息完整的≥ 18岁研究对象7 007人，随访到5 360人，随访率为76.5%。将研究对象按BMI分为8组，计算死亡率，以死亡率最低组作为参照，采用Cox比例风险回归模型估计全人群、分性别、年龄（≥ 60岁、<60岁）的各组死亡风险比（HR）及95% CI，模型调整基线年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、文化程度等因素，并进行敏感性分析。结果 共随访67 129人年，平均随访12.5年，死亡615人，队列总死亡率为916/10万人年。BMI为26.0~27.9 kg/m²组死亡率最低，以该组为参照组，多因素调整后，BMI<18.5、18.5~19.9、22.0~23.9和≥ 30.0 kg/m²组的死亡风险明显升高，调整HR值（95% CI）分别为1.90（1.26~2.86）、1.68（1.15~2.45）、1.49（1.08~2.06）和1.72（1.07~2.76）。对于≥ 60岁老年人，BMI<18.5 kg/m²组的死亡风险明显升高，调整HR值（95% CI）为1.94（1.20~3.15）。结论 BMI ≤ 19.9、22.0~23.9及≥ 30.0 kg/m²均会增加全因死亡风险。除关注肥胖外，低体重营养不良造成的老年人高死亡风险应特别引起重视。     

一起用解磷啶抢救野八角茴籽中毒病人的探讨

目的为寻求抢救“野八角茴籽”中毒危重病人的特效药物。方法调查6例“野八角茴籽”中毒症状主要表现为抽搐、牙关紧闭、瞳孔缩小、口吐白沫、全身发冷、恶心、呕吐、腹胀、腹痛、烦躁、乏力、昏迷等症状。全血胆碱脂酶下降40%—70%,与有机磷中毒症状基本相似,临床无特效抢救药物,为了抢救病人,我们大胆提出用解磷啶救治野八角茴籽中毒病人的救治方案。结果用药8小时后病人开始清醒,用药21小时后病人可以下床走动,4天后痊愈,观察3天无异常后出院。结论用解磷啶挽救了6例野生八角茴籽中毒的危重病人,为今后临床用药提供了新的参考依据。     

替加环素治疗老年泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部术后感染的临床分析

目的 分析替加环素治疗老年泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部术后感染的临床疗效.方法 选取2017年8月至2021年3月在我院治疗的老年泛耐药鲍曼不动杆菌肺部术后感染患者53例,根据用药方法的不同分为正常剂量组20例、高剂量组33例,正常剂量组和高剂量组分别采用正常剂量的、高剂量的替加环素.观察指标有临床疗效、不良反应、血药浓度检...     

穿心莲内酯制剂及药代动力学的研究进展

穿心莲内酯是一种具有半日花烷骨架的天然二萜内酯类化合物,对诸多感染性疾病均显示有突出的疗效,被誉为天然抗生素药物。然而,极低的生物利用度和不良口感使其直接应用于临床受到限制。近年来,通过各种新型制剂学手段改善其生物利用度和口感逐渐成为研究热点。与此同时,相应的药代动力学研究也日益受到关注。该文阐述了穿心莲内酯的剂型和药代动力学研究进展,以利为这一活性天然产物的深入开发应用提供依据。