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991.
992.
Liu CK Liu P Meng FW Deng BL Xue Y Mao TQ Hu KJ 《The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery》2012,50(4):356-360
The aim of this study was to examine the role of the lateral peterygoid muscle in the reconstruction of the shape of the condyle during healing of a sagittal fracture of the mandibular condyle. Twenty adult sheep were divided into 2 groups: all had a unilateral operation on the right side when the anterior and posterior attachments of the discs were cut, and an oblique vertical osteotomy was made from the lateral pole of the condyle to the medial side of the condylar neck. Ten sheep had the lateral pterygoid muscle cut, and the other 10 sheep did not. Sheep were killed at 4 weeks (n=2 from each group), 12 weeks (n=4), and 24 weeks (n=4) postoperatively. Computed tomograms (CT) were taken before and after operations. We dissected the joints, and recorded with the naked eye the shape, degree of erosion, and amount of calcification of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In the group in which the lateral peterygoid muscle had not been cut the joints showed overgrowth of new bone and more advanced ankylosis. Our results show that the lateral pterygoid muscle plays an important part in reconstructing the shape of the condyle during the healing of a sagittal fracture of the mandibular condyle, and combined with the dislocated and damaged disc is an important factor in the aetiology of traumatic ankylosis of the TMJ. 相似文献
993.
Mengli Zhang Xinshu Xia Changlin Cao Hun Xue Yujin Yang Wei Li Qinghua Chen Liren Xiao Qingrong Qian 《RSC advances》2020,10(68):41272
Both adsorption and photocatalysis are considered to be effective methods for removing organic contaminants from dye wastewater. In this study, the construction of 3D skeletons based on the nanoparticles ZnO and ABS/TPU/calcium silicate (CaSiO3) (shortened as ATC) were fabricated via fused deposition molding (FDM) technology. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depicted that ZnO nanospheres had been successfully grown on the 3D skeleton surface with an enlarged specific surface area. As the results of the RhB adsorption and photocatalytic degradation experiments showed, the removal ratio of RhB onto the ZnO-ATC skeleton was as high as 97.94% and the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis greatly shortened the RhB degradation time under ultraviolet light irradiation. The nanocomposites synthesized in this study showed a significant removal ability for organic pollutants, and could effectively overcome the limitation of the secondary removal of photocatalysts.Enhanced synergistic effect of photocatalytic and adsorption was realized through the system constructed of ZnO nanoparticle loaded 3D skeleton. 相似文献
994.
An efficient and highly diastereoselective synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]azepin-5-ol via stereocontrolled addition of Grignard reagents to oxa-bridged benzazepines has been developed. The reaction proceeds efficiently starting from versatile skeletons with mild reaction conditions as well as simple operation. Furthermore, 2-substituted benzazepinones could been obtained by simple Dess–Martin oxidation in excellent yields.An efficient and highly diastereoselective synthesis of 2-substituted benzo[b]azepin-5-ol via stereocontrolled addition of Grignard reagents to oxa-bridged benzazepines has been developed.Benzofused azepines, a unique family of seven-member aza-heterocycles, are widely found in numerous bioactive molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals.1–4 This is due to their chemotherapeutic properties, and exhibiting interesting biological activities,5–9 for instance, competitive vasopressin receptor antagonist (tolvaptan),10–12 antidepressants (mianserin),13 zilpaterol (beef improvement agent),14 ACE inhibitor (benazepril)15 (Fig. 1).Open in a separate windowFig. 1Selected examples containing a benzazepine skeleton.Consequently, tremendous efforts have recently been dedicated to developing new methodologies to construct the benzazepine derivatives. Typically, the benzazepine skeletons could be assembled by expansion of smaller rings, rearrangements,16,17 Dieckmann cyclization,18,19 transition-metal-catalyzed coupling, ring closure metathesis,15,20,21 and others.22–25 Nevertheless, most of these protocols are limited to highly engineered starting materials, expensive catalysts and hazardous handling, obviously expeditious strategies for the diverse construction of benzazepine backbones from readily available starting materials, remains highly attractive and challenging.Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS), defined as a powerful synthetic strategy to the libraries of diverse highly valuable molecules from one parent compound,26,27 is therefore well-suited for the timely design and execution of parallel (library) synthesis.28 In recent years, our group focused on the development of a more facile and efficient diversity-oriented synthesis strategy for the generation of this class of 7-membered heterocyclic compounds.29–31 This newly introduced ene-type cyclization reaction was used to prepare a series of bridged aromatic fused azepines,29 as a versatile building block, which could be transformed into structurally different ring systems through selective ring opening of the cyclic acetals (Scheme 1A).30,31Open in a separate windowScheme 1Our previous work (A) and this work (B).As an extension of our ongoing work toward the synthesis of the azepine skeleton, we suggested a new reaction model could be achieved if the suitable nucleophile could be carefully designed. Recently, a couple of efficient approaches to access nitrogen-containing heterocycles has been developed through the nucleophilic addition of cyclic N,O-acetal with Grignard reagents.32–35 Inspired by their excellent studies and to showcase the utility of cyclic N,O-acetal building blocks for the preparation of functionalized azepines, we present a facile approach to a stereoselective synthesis of 2,5-substituted benzazepine derivatives from oxa-bridged benzazepines by Grignard addition. This strategy is complementary to our recently published cascade reaction to prepare the benzazepinone scaffold. Herein, the details of this study is disclosed.Our investigations commenced by exploring nucleophilic addition of 1a, which was readily prepared in two steps via substitution reaction and subsequent ene-type reaction (see the ESI†). We started our screening with 1-allyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-epoxybenzo[b]azepine (1a) as a model substrate for the optimization of the reaction conditions (36,37 We were gratified to find that Grignard reagents could indeed be added with high selectivity ( Entry Solvent Additive Time Yieldb (%) dr (syn/anti)c 1d THF — 10 h 0 — 2d Dioxane — 10 h 0 — 3 Et2O — 30 min 92 2a, 24/76 4 1,2-Dichloroethane — 10 min 90 2a, 68/32 5 CHCl3 — 10 min 95 2a, 66/34 6 CH2Cl2 — 10 min 96 2a, 69/31 7 CH2Cl2 MgBr2 (1.2 equiv.) 10 min 90 2a, 70/30 8 CH2Cl2 — 10 min 97 2b, 91/9 9 CH2Cl2 — 10 min 88 2c, 100/0