青蒿琥酯对大鼠肝星状细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨青蒿琥酯抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法:用MTT法观察青蒿琥酯对HSC增殖的影响,用流式细胞仪检测HSC在细胞周期中DNA含量的改变,测定不同浓度青蒿琥酯作用于HSC后上清液中Hpy、LDH的含量。结果:1.5~100μg/m l青蒿琥酯在0~72h范围内对HSC增殖有抑制作用,并有药物浓度时间依赖关系。各青蒿琥酯处理组中G0/G1期细胞比例逐渐增高,与正常组相比由56.2±1.3%升至72.6±2.3%左右;S期比例逐渐降低,由27.1±2.6%降至13.8±4.1%左右,而对G2/M期无影响。青蒿琥酯(12.5μg/m l~100μg/m l)组上清液Hyp值逐渐减小,呈剂量依赖关系,与相应的空白对照组比较有显著性差异;青蒿琥酯组上清液LDH与空白对照组比较无显著性差异。结论:青蒿琥酯能阻止HSC从G0/G1期进入S期,体外能明显抑制HSC的增殖,减少胶原的分泌,且在实验观察剂量范围内对HSC没有细胞毒性。     

中药和限制门静脉血流对大鼠极限性肝叶切除早期残肝损害的影响

目的：探讨丹参针剂和限制门静脉血流对大鼠极限性肝叶切除（90％）后早期残肝损害的效应。方法：按Gaub的方法建立大鼠90％极限性肝叶切除模型，分别观察限制门静脉血流和加用丹参对大鼠手术后死亡率，残肝HE染色肝细胞中央静脉及汇管区的改变以及术后血生化的改变。结果：限制门静脉血流能减轻早期极限性肝叶切除后残肝的损害，加用丹参后能进一步减轻损害，但均不能改善实验动物的死亡率。结论：限制门静脉血流能减轻早期极限性肝叶切除后残肝的损害，加用丹参后能进一步减轻，但并不能引发残肝细胞再生的启动而延长动物的存活。     

II. Hypersociability in Williams Syndrome

Studies of abnormal populations provide a rare opportunity for examining relationships between cognition, genotype and brain neurobiology, permitting comparisons across these different levels of analysis. In our studies, we investigate individuals with a rare, genetically based disorder called Williams syndrome (WMS) to draw links among these levels. A critical component of such a cross-domain undertaking is the clear delineation of the phenotype of the disorder in question. Of special interest in this paper is a relatively unexplored unusual social phenotype in WMS that includes an overfriendly and engaging personality. Four studies measuring distinct aspects of hypersocial behavior in WMS are presented, each probing specific aspects in WMS infants, toddlers, school age children, and adults. The abnormal profile of excessively social behavior represents an important component of the phenotype that may distinguish WMS from other developmental disorders. Furthermore, the studies show that the profile is observed across a wide range of ages, and emerges consistently across multiple experimental paradigms. These studies of hypersocial behavior in WMS promise to provide the groundwork for crossdisciplinary analyses of gene-brain-behavior relationships.     

Association study of a functional serotonin transporter gene polymorphism with schizophrenia, psychopathology and clozapine response

Serotonin is implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Following serotonin release, the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is the major determinant of serotonin inactivation. The present study tested the hypothesis that a biallelic polymorphism in the 5' regulatory region of the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR) confers susceptibility to schizophrenia, association with the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia or clozapine response. 90 treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale before and after clozapine treatment. The results demonstrated that the 5-HTTLPR variants did not play a major role in the susceptibility, clinical manifestations or clozapine response in schizophrenia.     

紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌临床应用

目的 评价紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法 28例晚期局部复发或／和远处转移性鼻咽癌患者采用紫杉醇175mg／m^2，静脉滴注持续3h，第1天给药；DDP30mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第2～4天。21d为1周期，2周期后评价疗效。结果 全组均可评价，CR3例，PR15例。有效率（RR）为64．28％，主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制，周围神经炎，消化道反应，肌肉及关节痛，脱发等。结论 紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期局部复发或／和远处转移性鼻咽癌有较高疗效，毒副反应较小，值得临床进一步研究。     

Association study of apolipoprotein E epsilon4 with clinical phenotype and clozapine response in schizophrenia

Schizophrenic patients with the apolipoprotein E (APOE = gene; apoE = protein) epsilon4 allele exhibited lower psychosis scores than patients without the epsilon4 allele in previous reports. The present study tested the hypothesis that the APOE epsilon4 allele confers association with the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia or clozapine response. A total of 95 schizophrenic patients who were treatment resistant were included in the study. The results demonstrated that the presence of the APOE epsilon4 allele did not influence the response to clozapine in schizophrenic patients, neither was the baseline psychopathology related to the APOE epsilon4 allele. Given the multiple functions of the apoE protein in the brain, further study of the influence of APOE on CNS medication response is needed.     

青蒿琥酯抗牛血清白蛋白免疫性大鼠肝纤维化作用的研究

目的：研究青蒿琥酯抗实验性肝纤维化的作用。方法：采用牛血清白蛋白免疫性肝纤维化大鼠模型，观察肝组织病理变化，检测肝组织中羟脯氨酸的含量及动物血清肝功能指标和血清MDA水平。结果：青蒿琥酯组能减轻假小叶形成和肝组织羟脯氨酸含量升高，并能使GPT下降。结论：青蒿琥酯具有抗肝纤维化的作用。     

Human Thelaziasis occurrence in Taiwan

A 62‐year‐old woman presented with unilateral eye swelling and itching. Subsequent examination showed the cause was an infestation of the parasitic worm Thelazia callipaeda. The vector leading to human infection is the fly. The possible mechanisms of infection for this patient are discussed. Although this is a known form of ocular infection, especially in Asia, this is one of few reported cases in Taiwan.     

Severe vitreous hemorrhage associated with closed-globe injury

Background The presence of marked vitreous hemorrhage is associated with poor visual prognosis in ocular trauma involving the posterior segment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features, prognostic factors, and visual outcomes in such eyes after closed-globe injury. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients with severe vitreous hemorrhage after closed-globe injury between January 2000 and December 2002. Results The study included 33 eyes in 32 patients with a mean age of 41.5 (range, 3–78 years) and a median follow-up period of 12 (range, 3–50 months). Presenting visual acuity was between 4/200, and there was light perception in 32 eyes (97%) and no light perception in one eye (3%). Fifteen eyes (45%) had one or more posterior segment pathologies beneath the vitreous hemorrhage. There were retinal tears in six eyes (18%), retinal detachment in six (18%), submacular hemorrhage in six (15%), choroidal rupture in three (9%), macular pucker in three (9%), retinal dialysis in one (3%), macular hole in one (3%), and retinal vessels occlusion in one (3%). Seven eyes (21%) had final visual acuity 20/40 or better, and 18 eyes (54%) had less than 20/200. Poor prognostic factors included presenting visual acuity of light perception or lower (p=0.032), hyphema (p=0.007), traumatic cataract (p=0.027), and age 55 years or younger (p=0.039). The most common cause of poor visual outcome was macular scar. Conclusion The visual prognosis of severe vitreous hemorrhage after closed-globe injury was guarded. This was frequently associated with various anterior and posterior segment pathologies. In order to provide early visual rehabilitation and management of any potentially treatable posterior pathology, early vitrectomy may be considered.     

Efficacy of multipurpose solutions for rigid gas permeable lenses

The use of multipurpose solutions for cleaning and disinfecting rigid gas permeable lenses has replaced single purpose solutions, but there are no reports of the efficacy of these multipurpose solutions, or of the effects of storage conditions on their disinfecting capacities. This study investigated activity against four bacterial and two fungal species, and the effects of storage in a refrigerator, at room temperature, at elevated temperature in both dry and humid conditions and with exposure to sunlight. The disinfecting solutions were challenged with the micro-organisms initially upon opening and then at 2-weekly intervals up to 12 weeks after being stored under the different conditions. Solutions were opened daily to simulate use. One solution failed to meet Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria to reduce numbers of bacteria by three log dilutions and of fungi by one log dilution. Storage reduced activity of all solutions over the 12-week period, but not below the requirements of the FDA. Storage in the refrigerator tended to reduce disinfecting capacity more quickly. Multipurpose solutions for rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses lose activity over the 3 months recommended time of use but remain satisfactory for use over this time in the conditions tested. Practitioners need to remind patients to replace their solutions regularly and should advise against storage in the refrigerator. Multipurpose solutions for RGP lenses have simplified cleaning and disinfecting processes and the current formulations have improved disinfecting capacity compared to former disinfecting solutions, which is particularly important for wearers of orthokeratology lenses.