一重与多重脑震荡大鼠伤后14 d的焦虑行为变化

  目的  观察一重与多重脑震荡（multiple cerebral concussion，MCC）大鼠的焦虑行为变化。  方法  成年SD大鼠50只，用单摆闭合性脑损伤打击装置复制大鼠一重脑震荡（pure cerebral concussion，PCC）和多重脑震荡（multiple cerebral concussion，MCC）模型，另设一正常对照组（normal，N）每组12只大鼠。于损伤后第14天进行旷场实验（open field test，OFT）和高架十字迷宫实验（high plus maze，HPM）检测，评估其焦虑行为变化。  结果  （1）在OFT实验中:① PCC组和3 MCC组在中央区行走格数为[9.500（6.50，16.75）]格、[5.00（3.50，9.00）]格，N组为[10.00（7.00，17.88）]格。损伤组在中央区行走的格数与停留时间均少于对照组，3 MCC组与N组、PCC组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.024，P = 0.033）。② PCC组和3 MCC组在周边区行走格数为[54.50（26.88，62.25）]格、[65.00（28.50，81.00）]格，N组为[33.00（1.13，51.50）]格。损伤组在周边区（surround areas，SA）行走格数和时间均高于对照组，3 MCC组与N组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.015）。③ PCC组和3 MCC组梳理毛发频次为（4.20±1.03）次、（2.44±0.73）次，N组为（5.20±1.62）次。损伤组梳理毛发次数均少于N组，且3 MCC组较N组与PCC组差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.013，P = 0.019）。④各损伤组大鼠在旷场实验中CA区行走格数、行走时间与理毛次数，均随着打击次数的增加呈现下降趋势。此外，随着打击次数的增加，损伤大鼠在SA区行走格数与行走时间则呈上升趋势。（2）在HMP实验中:① PCC组和3 MCC组进入开臂次数为[1.00（0.00，1.00）]次、[0.50（0.00，1.00）]次，N组为[1.00（0.00，2.00）]次。各损伤组进入开臂（open arms，OA）次数和时间均少于正常组，但各组间差异无统计学意义，P > 0.05。②损伤组在OA中向台下探索次数均少于N组，其中3 MCC组差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.032）。③ PCC组和3 MCC组进入闭臂次数为[1.00（1.00，1.00）]次、[0.00（0.00，1.00）]次，N组为[0.00（0.00，1.00）]次。损伤组进入闭臂（enclosed arms，EA）次数与时间均高于N组，进入EA次数，3 MCC组与PCC组比较，差异具有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.015）；进入EA时间，3 MCC组与N组、PCC组比较差异有统计学意义，P < 0.05（P = 0.042，P = 0.027）。④各损伤组大鼠在高架十字迷宫实验中，进入OA臂的次数、时间与向台下探望次数，均随着打击次数的增加呈现下降趋势。此外，随着打击次数的增加，损伤大鼠在EA臂中的停留时间则呈上升趋势。  结论  一重和三重脑震荡大鼠损伤后14 d焦虑行为开始明显增加，且大鼠经历三次脑震荡后的焦虑行为重于一次性脑震荡。     

Role of Adenosine Signaling in Penile Erection and Erectile Disorders

IntroductionPenile erection is a hemodynamic process, which results from increased flow and retention of blood in the penile organ due to the relaxation of smooth muscle cells. Adenosine, a physiological vasorelaxant, has been shown to be a modulator of penile erection.AimTo summarize the research on the role of adenosine signaling in normal penile erection and erectile disorders.Main Outcome MeasuresEvidence in the literature on the association between adenosine signaling and normal and abnormal penile erection, i.e., erectile dysfunction (ED) and priapism.MethodsThe article reviews the literature on the role of endogenous and exogenous adenosine in normal penile erection, as well as in erectile disorders namely, ED and priapism.ResultsAdenosine has been shown to relax corpus cavernosum from various species including human in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Neuromodulatory role of adenosine in corpus cavernosum has also been demonstrated. Impaired adenosine signaling through A_2B receptor causes partial resistance of corpus cavernosum, from men with organic ED, to adenosine-mediated relaxation. Increased level of adenosine has been shown to be a causative factor for priapism.ConclusionOverall, the research reviewed here suggests a general role of exogenous and endogenous adenosine signaling in normal penile erection. From this perspective, it is not surprising that impaired adenosine signaling is associated with ED, and excessive adenosine signaling is associated with priapism. Adenosine signaling represents a potentially important diagnostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of ED and priapism. Phatarpekar PV, Wen J, and Xia Y. Role of adenosine signaling in penile erection and erectile disorders.     

SD大鼠羊水间充质干细胞向神经样细胞体外诱导分化

目的:探讨体外诱导羊水间充质干细胞(AF-MSCs)分化成神经干细胞.方法:10只SD怀孕大鼠,180-240 g,胎龄16d,过量腹腔麻醉致死,开腹全部切除子宫,在无菌的条件下抽取全羊水,采用贴壁法分离AF-MSCs,体外培养扩增,观察细胞生长特性,流式细胞仪检测AF-MSCs表面抗原表达及细胞周期.取第3代AF-MSCs,加入预诱导液(DMEM/F12、100 mL/L FBS、1 mmol/Lβ-MEM)诱导24 h,然后加入诱导液(DMEM/F12、100 mL/L FBS、5 mmol/L β-MEM)诱导24 h,最后在分化维持培养液(DMEM/F12、20μg/L EGF、20μg/L bFGF)中培养,行免疫荧光染色,检测NSE和GFAP的表达.结果:成功分离、培养和传代SD大鼠AF-MSCs,流式细胞术检测提示大鼠AF-MSCs的G0/G1期细胞比例约为87.5%、S+G2+M期比例为12.5%,表达CD44为98.3%、GD29为70%、和CD105为33.2%、不表达CD45为0.5%,CD34为1%,DLA-DR(MHC class Ⅱ)为0.1%.诱导后,AF-MSCs能表达神经细胞标示物NSE和GFAP,且可在体外继续存活2 wk左右.结论:羊水中也存在MSCs,与其他来源的MSCs特点相符:羊水可以作为一种新的胎儿MSCs来源,而且能在体外诱导分化为神经细胞.     

Distinct roles for two synaptotagmin isoforms in synchronous and asynchronous transmitter release at zebrafish neuromuscular junction

An obligatory role for the calcium sensor synaptotagmins in stimulus-coupled release of neurotransmitter is well established, but a role for synaptotagmin isoform involvement in asynchronous release remains conjecture. We show, at the zebrafish neuromuscular synapse, that two separate synaptotagmins underlie these processes. Specifically, knockdown of synaptotagmin 2 (syt2) reduces synchronous release, whereas knockdown of synaptotagmin 7 (syt7) reduces the asynchronous component of release. The zebrafish neuromuscular junction is unique in having a very small quantal content and a high release probability under conditions of either low-frequency stimulation or high-frequency augmentation. Through these features, we further determined that during the height of shared synchronous and asynchronous transmission these two modes compete for the same release sites.     

功能练习与康复促进在治疗肩关节周围炎病人中的效果分析

肩关节周围炎,是临床常见的由于肩关节周围软组织退变基础上发生的以疼痛、活动受限为主的疾病.多发生于50岁左右的中老年人,女性病人多见.本病病程较长,治疗方法较多.经过临床实践,采取了综合康复的治疗方法,并根据病期配合循序渐进的、有针对性的功能练习与康复促进,疗效较好,现报告如下.     

Tid1 functions as a tumour suppressor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Human tumourous imaginal disc (Tid1), a human homologue of the Drosophila tumour suppressor protein Tid56, is involved in multiple intracellular signalling pathways such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Here, we investigated the anti‐tumourigenic activity of Tid1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the clinical association between Tid1 expression and progression of HNSCC was explored. It was found that expression of Tid1 was negatively associated with tumour status, recurrence, and survival prognosis using immunohistochemical analysis of primary HNSCC patient tumour tissue. Secondly, ectopic expression of Tid1 in HNSCC cells was shown to significantly inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, anchorage‐independent growth, and xenotransplantation tumourigenicity. Thirdly, we showed that overexpression of Tid1 attenuated EGFR activity and blocked the activation of AKT in HNSCC cells, which are known to be involved in the regulation of survival in HNSCC cells. On the other hand, ectopic expression of constitutively active AKT greatly reduced apoptosis induced by Tid1 overexpression. Together, these findings suggest that Tid1 functions as a tumour suppressor in HNSCC tumourigenesis. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一次随机尿碘在碘缺乏病监测中应用的可行性

同步采集了１００名７～１４岁儿童一次随机尿和２４ｈ尿，结果显示：１１～１４岁儿童２４ｈ尿量接近１１，一次随机尿碘与２４ｈ尿碘呈统计学显著正相关，并有良好的线性回归关系。证明在一定范围内，可通过监测一次随机尿碘推测２４ｈ尿碘．还分两个季节对１１名成人进行了一次随机尿的连续采集，发现各次采样人群尿碘平均水平无统计学显著差异，说明就群体而言，一次随机尿碘可以代表一个时期内人群碘营养状况。     

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Influence of social factors in determining length of hospital stay and readmission rates

BACKGROUND:

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the leading reason for hospitalization in Canada and a significant financial burden on hospital resources. Identifying factors that influence the time a patient spends in the hospital and readmission rates will allow for better use of scarce hospital resources.

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the factors that influence length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and readmission for patients with AECOPD in an inner-city hospital.

METHODS:

Using the Providence Health Records, a retrospective review of patients admitted to St Paul’s Hospital (Vancouver, British Columbia) during the winter of 2006 to 2007 (six months) with a diagnosis of AECOPD, was conducted. Exacerbations were classified according to Anthonisen criteria to determine the severity of exacerbation on admission. Severity of COPD was scored using the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. For comparative analysis, severity of disease (GOLD criteria), age, sex and smoking history were matched.

RESULTS:

Of 109 admissions reviewed, 66 were single admissions (61%) and 43 were readmissions (39%). The number of readmissions ranged from two to nine (mean of 3.3 readmissions). More than 85% of admissions had the severity of COPD equal to or greater than GOLD stage 3. The significant indicators for readmission were GOLD status (P<0.001), number of related comorbidities (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.97; P<0.009) and marital status (single) (OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 17.02; P<0.046). The requirement for social work involvement during hospital admission was associated with a prolonged LOS (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of the present study show that disease severity (GOLD status) and number of comorbidities are associated with readmission rates of patients with AECOPD. Interestingly, social factors such as marital status and the need for social work intervention are also linked to readmission rates and LOS, respectively, in patients with AECOPD.     

放置胆管支架治疗胆管梗阻131例临床分析

目的 探讨放置胆管支架治疗胆管梗阻性疾病的可行性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院消化疾病中心2006年4月至2007年2月对131例住院胆管梗阻性疾病患者行138例次放置胆管支架的诊治经过,分析其黄疸改善情况及并发症的发生率.结果 全部患者均成功放置了胆管支架,术后3d血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、碱性磷酸酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶均明显下降,差异有统计学意义.主要并发症为胆管炎及胰腺炎.结论 放置胆管支架为治疗胆管梗阻性疾病的有效治疗方法,尤其是为失去手术机会的患者提供了重要的治疗方案.