Evolutionary Action Score of TP53 Enhances the Prognostic Prediction for Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma

Study overview. 83 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma were included in this study. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on surgical samples of these patients. Patients were further divided into 4 groups according to their TP53 mutational status. Tumor mutational burden, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were compared among different groups.

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Association of malnutrition with all-cause mortality in the elderly population: A 6-year cohort study

Background and aimsFew studies have explored the association between malnutrition, defined by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and all-cause mortality, particularly in the Chinese population. This study aimed to investigate the association between the GNRI and all-cause mortality in the elderly population.Methods and resultsParticipants aged ≥60 years were eligible for this study and were divided into three groups by the GNRI: An adequate nutrition group, participants with a GNRI ≥98; mild malnutrition group, participants with a GNRI ≥82 but <98; and a severe malnutrition group, participants with a GNRI <82. The results implied that there was a positive association between severe malnutrition and all-cause mortality in the total population (hazard ratio (HR): 2.591 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.729–3.884), male subjects (HR: 2.903 and 95% CI: 1.718–4.906), and female subjects (HR: 2.081 and 95% CI: 1.071–4.046). Similar associations between severe malnutrition and all-cause mortality were observed in both the 60–69 and 70–79 years age groups (HR: 2.863 and 2.600, 95% CI: 1.444–5.678 and 1.394–4.849, respectively). However, no significant association was observed between mild malnutrition and all-cause mortality.ConclusionsSevere malnutrition could increase all-cause mortality in the 60- to 79-year-old population. However, there was no association of mild malnutrition with all-cause mortality.     

胎盘前置剖宫产优质围术期护理对生产结局的影响

目的探究与分析胎盘前置剖宫产优质围术期护理措施的实施对胎儿生产结局的影响。方法选取本院自2016年5月—2019年5月收治的胎盘前置剖宫产患者68例,采取随机数字表法分为常规组与优化组,每组各34例,常规组给予基础的围术期护理措施,优化组在常规组的基础上建立并应用手术室信息平台优化护理人员技能,对比两组术中出血量、胎儿娩出时间、排气时间、住院时间、新生儿Apgar评分及护理满意度。结果优化组与常规组相比术中出血量少、胎儿娩出时间短、产妇排气时间短、住院时间短,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。优化组与常规组相比新生儿1 min Apgar评分及5 min Apgar评分均较高,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。优化组与常规组相比产妇对护理满意度较高,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在常规围术期护理的基础上建立并应用手术室信息平台优化护理人员技能应用于胎盘前置剖宫产中能够获得更好的围术期指标,缩短胎儿娩出的时间,新生儿Apgar评分较高,产妇对护理的满意度也较高。     

Peritoneal dialysis improves lung function in rats with lung injury induced by shock wave

Objective To prove the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis on shock wave-induced acute lung injury of rats, and analyze its mechanisms. Methods Forty-five adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, sham operation (Sham) group and peritoneal dialysis (PD) group. Sham group and PD group did abdominal catheterization before blast injury. The 55 kg shock wave (bst-I) was used to induce lung blast injury. After one hour of blast injury, PD group was given 2.5% peritoneal dialysate 20 ml to stay abdomen, which was released 30 min posted, repeated 12 cycles. After 6 hours of peritoneal dialysis, all of the rats were sacrificed. Partial damaged tissues in lung were used to evaluate the pathomorphologic changes by HE staining, and the remnants were used to measure the lung water content. Lung function was detected by blood gas analyzer and small animal detector from the arterial blood gas. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were tested by ELISA. Results The relative integrity of alveolar structure, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in PD group were significantly improved than those in control group. The lung water content of PD group was significantly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in serum of PD group were significantly lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05). The blood oxygen saturation, oxygen partial pressure, oxygenation index, vital capacity, functional residual volume and maximum mid-expiratory flow rate in PD group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P＜0.05). Conclusions Through reducing pulmonary edema and inflammatory factors, peritoneal dialysis can improve lung function in shock wave -induced acute lung injury of rats.     

双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征分析及文献复习

目的探讨双胎贫血-红细胞增多序列征(TAPS)的临床特点，并进行文献复习。 方法选择2016年5月，四川大学华西第二医院新生儿科收治的单绒毛膜双羊膜囊(MCDA) TAPS新生儿(新生儿1、2)为研究对象。采用回顾性分析方法，收集本对TAPS新生儿的临床病例资料，对其临床特点进行分析。本研究对TAPS文献进行复习时，设定检索策略为：以"双胎贫血红-细胞增多序列征"为关键词，在中国知网、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方数据知识服务平台中，检索TAPS相关文献，检索时间设定为各数据库建库至2018年8月31日。总结TAPS的临床特点及其诊断、治疗与预后。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①对本对TAPS新生儿母亲的临床资料采集如下：29岁，自然受孕，G₁P₀，孕龄为11^＋6孕周时，于本院建卡进行定期产前检查，乙型肝炎病毒携带病史20^＋年(接受定期随访)；孕龄为16^＋5孕周时，超声检查提示MCDA双活胎。于孕龄为36^＋4孕周时发现重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症，予以地塞米松促胎肺成熟、保肝及降胆汁酸等治疗1 d后，经剖宫产术分娩一对活男婴。②对本对TAPS新生儿的临床资料采集如下：均为男性，出生胎龄为36^＋5周。其中，新生儿1：出生体重为2 420 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后1 h＋58 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤红紫，胃管内反复抽出咖啡色胃液，穿刺部位、脐带残端可见渗血。转入本院新生儿科时，血红蛋白(Hb)值为278 g/L，血细胞比容为78.4%，网织红细胞百分比为3.0%，诊断为红细胞增多症等。新生儿2：出生体重为1 870 g，生后1、5、10 min Apgar评分均为10分，生后34 min转入本院新生儿科，全身皮肤苍白、反应差，竖颈差，四肢肌张力减低，原始反射减弱，转入本院新生儿科时，Hb值为63 g/L，血细胞比容为21.2%，网织红细胞百分比为39.7%，诊断为重度新生儿贫血等。新生儿1、2的Hb差值为215 g/L，并且新生儿2与新生儿1网织红细胞百分比的比值为13.2，确诊为TAPS双胎新生儿。新生儿1、2均合并多系统并发症，分别予以部分换血、输血治疗后好转出院，生后随访1年，生长发育均正常。③文献复习结果：按照本研究设定的文献检索策略，共计检索出7篇报道TAPS研究的文献，涉及25对(50例)TAPS新生儿/胎儿的临床特点、诊治及预后等方面研究。其中，受血儿均表现为多血貌，供血儿均表现为贫血貌。50例TAPS新生儿/胎儿的治疗结局为：37例(74.0%)好转出院，1例(2.0%)纳入原始研究时尚未娩出，9例(18.0%)死亡，2例(4.0%)因严重并发症放弃治疗后结局不详，1例(2.0%)新生儿因气腹征转院接受进一步治疗后失访。在37例好转出院的TAPS新生儿中，4例(10.8%)合并低白蛋白血症，4例(10.8%)合并神经系统损害，22例(59.5%)合并心血管系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并呼吸系统并发症，14例(37.8%)合并新生儿黄疸；对其均缺乏长期随访，长期预后均不详。 结论国内报道的TAPS多于生后才被确诊，新生儿临床特点主要为MCDA新生儿的生后Hb差值大(>80 g/L)，而羊水量差异不明显，可合并多系统并发症，其长期预后目前尚不明确。对MCDA新生儿的大脑中动脉峰值流速(MCA-PSV)测定与胎盘超声检查，可协助临床于产前尽早诊断TAPS。     

Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies Three Novel Susceptibility Loci and Reveals Ethnic Heterogeneity of Genetic Susceptibility for IgA Nephropathy

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The role of online videos in teaching procedural skills to post-graduate medical learners: A systematic narrative review

Abstract

Objective: Online videos are commonly used in medical education. The aim of this review was to investigate the role of online instructional videos in teaching procedural skills to postgraduate medical learners.

Methods: This systematic narrative review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ERIC and Google Scholar were searched. Full texts that applied to online videos, postgraduate medical learners and procedural skills were included without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using a validated tool. A thematic analysis of the studies was carried out using a general inductive approach.

Results: A total of 785 articles were retrieved and the full text was reviewed for 66 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Twenty papers that were relevant to the role of online videos in postgraduate medical education of procedural skills were used for this review. They were heterogenous in the outcomes collected and the evidence was of variable quality. There was strong evidence for the use of online videos for procedural skill knowledge acquisition and retention. Online videos were used for various purposes, such as supervision, assessment, postoperative debriefing, providing feedback, and promoting reflection.

Conclusion: Online videos are a valuable educational tool especially for procedural skill knowledge acquisition and retention. Future research needs to be carried out on the appropriate use of platforms in disseminating and using online videos, identifying the factors surrounding the learners, video characteristics, and data protection.     

Associations between serum amino acids and incident type 2 diabetes in Chinese rural adults

Background and aimsSome amino acids (AAs) may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the associations of individual AAs with the development of T2DM in rural Chinese adults.Methods and resultsA cohort study of 1199 individuals aged 18 years or older was conducted from 2006 to 2008 in a rural community of Deqing, China, a repeated survey was done in 2015 and data linkage with the electronic health records system was performed each year for identifying new T2DM cases. A high-performance liquid chromatography approach was used to measure the baseline serum concentrations of 15 AAs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between AAs and the risk of incident T2DM. A total of 98 new T2DM cases were identified during the follow-up of 12 years on average. Among 15 AAs, proline was associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM after adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, family history of T2DM, smoking status, alcohol use, and history of hypertension, the adjusted hazard ratio for 1-standard deviation increment was 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.43). The association tended to be more marked in subjects younger than 60 years and overweight/obese subjects. Among participants without hypertension, proline and phenylalanine were associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM, while aspartic acid was associated with a decreased risk.ConclusionSerum proline was associated with the risk of incident T2DM in rural Chinese adults and might be a potential predictor.