全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1362篇 |
免费 | 357篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 33篇 |
妇产科学 | 159篇 |
基础医学 | 28篇 |
口腔科学 | 11篇 |
临床医学 | 1047篇 |
内科学 | 112篇 |
皮肤病学 | 12篇 |
神经病学 | 38篇 |
特种医学 | 47篇 |
外科学 | 48篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
预防医学 | 117篇 |
眼科学 | 2篇 |
药学 | 15篇 |
肿瘤学 | 30篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 56篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 25篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 82篇 |
2017年 | 100篇 |
2016年 | 99篇 |
2015年 | 94篇 |
2014年 | 91篇 |
2013年 | 91篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 59篇 |
2009年 | 83篇 |
2008年 | 44篇 |
2007年 | 42篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 33篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 53篇 |
1995年 | 51篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1937年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1724条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
92.
Marie Tarrant RN MPH PhD Kendra M. Wu BSc MSc MMedSc Daniel Y. T. Fong PhD Irene L. Y. Lee RN RM MHA MPHC Emmy M. Y. Wong RN MN PhD Alice Sham RN RM MSc MBA Christine Lam RN RM MMW IBCLC Joan E. Dodgson RN MPH PhD 《分娩》2011,38(3):238-245
Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative to improve hospital maternity care practices that support breastfeeding. In Hong Kong, although no hospitals have yet received the Baby‐Friendly status, efforts have been made to improve breastfeeding support. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of Baby‐Friendly hospital practices on breastfeeding duration. Methods: A sample of 1,242 breastfeeding mother‐infant pairs was recruited from four public hospitals in Hong Kong and followed up prospectively for up to 12 months. The primary outcome variable was defined as breastfeeding for 8 weeks or less. Predictor variables included six Baby‐Friendly practices: breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour of birth, exclusive breastfeeding while in hospital, rooming‐in, breastfeeding on demand, no pacifiers or artificial nipples, and information on breastfeeding support groups provided on discharge. Results: Only 46.6 percent of women breastfed for more than 8 weeks, and only 4.8 percent of mothers experienced all six Baby‐Friendly practices. After controlling for all other Baby‐Friendly practices and possible confounding variables, exclusive breastfeeding while in hospital was protective against early breastfeeding cessation (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.88). Compared with mothers who experienced all six Baby‐Friendly practices, those who experienced one or fewer Baby‐Friendly practices were almost three times more likely to discontinue breastfeeding (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.41–6.95). Conclusions: Greater exposure to Baby‐Friendly practices would substantially increase new mothers’ chances of breastfeeding beyond 8 weeks postpartum. To further improve maternity care practices in hospitals, institutional and administrative support are required to ensure all mothers receive adequate breastfeeding support in accordance with WHO guidelines. (BIRTH 38:3 September 2011) 相似文献
93.
An analysis of nursing students’ decision‐making in teams during simulations of acute patient deterioration 下载免费PDF全文
94.
95.
96.
JOAN I.J. WAGNER PhD RN GRETA CUMMINGS PhD RN DONNA L. SMITH MEd RN R. Psych CHE JOANNE OLSON PhD RN LYNN ANDERSON MN RN SHARON WARREN PhD RN 《Journal of nursing management》2010,18(4):448-462
wagner j.i.j., cummings g., smith d.l., olson j., anderson l. & warren s. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18 , 448–462
The relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses: a systematic review Aim To describe the findings of a systematic review examining the relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for registered nurses (RNs). Background Workplace empowerment research reveals a link between empowerment and positive work behaviours and attitudes. Research demonstrating the essential relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment will provide direction for future interventions aimed at the development of a strong and effective health care sector. Methods Published research articles examining structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses were selected from computerized databases and selected websites. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were completed for the included research articles. Results Ten papers representing six studies reveal significant associations between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for RNs. Implications for nursing management Creation of an environment that provides structural empowerment is an important organizational strategy that contributes to RNs’ psychological empowerment and ultimately leads to positive work behaviours and attitudes. Critical structural components of an empowered workplace can contribute to a healthy, productive and innovative RN workforce with increased job satisfaction and retention. 相似文献
The relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses: a systematic review Aim To describe the findings of a systematic review examining the relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for registered nurses (RNs). Background Workplace empowerment research reveals a link between empowerment and positive work behaviours and attitudes. Research demonstrating the essential relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment will provide direction for future interventions aimed at the development of a strong and effective health care sector. Methods Published research articles examining structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses were selected from computerized databases and selected websites. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were completed for the included research articles. Results Ten papers representing six studies reveal significant associations between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for RNs. Implications for nursing management Creation of an environment that provides structural empowerment is an important organizational strategy that contributes to RNs’ psychological empowerment and ultimately leads to positive work behaviours and attitudes. Critical structural components of an empowered workplace can contribute to a healthy, productive and innovative RN workforce with increased job satisfaction and retention. 相似文献
97.
PAMELA BRADY GERMAIN RN MN GRETA G. CUMMINGS PhD RN 《Journal of nursing management》2010,18(4):425-439
brady germain p. & cummings g.g. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 425–439
The influence of nursing leadership on nurse performance: a systematic literature review Aim The aim was to explore leadership factors that influence nurse performance and particularly, the role that nursing leadership behaviors play in nurses’ perceptions of performance motivation. Background Nurse performance is vital to quality patient care outcomes and nursing leadership behaviors have been linked to nurse performance. Evaluations A review of research articles that examined the factors that nurses perceived as influencing their motivation and performance was conducted. Eight studies were included in the final analysis. Key issues Nurses’ perceptions of factors that affect their motivation and ability to perform were grouped into five categories using content analysis: autonomy, work relationships, resource accessibility, nurse factors, and leadership practices. Nursing leadership behaviors were found to influence both nurses’ motivations directly and indirectly via other factors. Conclusion The review suggests that nurse performance may be improved by addressing nurse autonomy, relationships among nurses, their colleagues and leaders, and resource accessibility. Implications for nursing management Nursing managers and leaders may enhance their nurses’ performance by understanding and addressing the factors that affect their ability and motivation to perform. 相似文献
The influence of nursing leadership on nurse performance: a systematic literature review Aim The aim was to explore leadership factors that influence nurse performance and particularly, the role that nursing leadership behaviors play in nurses’ perceptions of performance motivation. Background Nurse performance is vital to quality patient care outcomes and nursing leadership behaviors have been linked to nurse performance. Evaluations A review of research articles that examined the factors that nurses perceived as influencing their motivation and performance was conducted. Eight studies were included in the final analysis. Key issues Nurses’ perceptions of factors that affect their motivation and ability to perform were grouped into five categories using content analysis: autonomy, work relationships, resource accessibility, nurse factors, and leadership practices. Nursing leadership behaviors were found to influence both nurses’ motivations directly and indirectly via other factors. Conclusion The review suggests that nurse performance may be improved by addressing nurse autonomy, relationships among nurses, their colleagues and leaders, and resource accessibility. Implications for nursing management Nursing managers and leaders may enhance their nurses’ performance by understanding and addressing the factors that affect their ability and motivation to perform. 相似文献
98.
99.
MANDY M. DAVEY BSCN RN MN GRETA CUMMINGS PhD RN CHRISTINE V. NEWBURN-COOK PhD RN ELIZA A. LO BSCN RN 《Journal of nursing management》2009,17(3):312-330
Aim This study aimed to identify and examine predictors of short-term absences of staff nurses working in hospital settings reported in the research literature.
Background Front-line staff nurse absenteeism contributes to discontinuity of patient care, decreased staff morale and is costly to healthcare.
Evaluation A systematic review of studies from 1986 to 2006, obtained through electronic searches of 10 online databases led to inclusion of 16 peer-reviewed research articles. Seventy potential predictors of absenteeism were examined and analysed using content analysis.
Key issue Our findings showed that individual 'nurses' prior attendance records', 'work attitudes' (job satisfaction, organizational commitment and work/job involvement) and 'retention factors' reduced nurse absenteeism, whereas 'burnout' and 'job stress' increased absenteeism. Remaining factors examined in the literature did not significantly predict nurse absenteeism.
Conclusions Reasons underlying absenteeism among staff nurses are still poorly understood. Lack of robust theory about nursing absenteeism may underlie the inconsistent results found in this review. Further theory development and research is required to explore the determinants of short-term absenteeism of nurses in acute care hospitals.
Implications for nursing management Work environment factors that increase nurses' job satisfaction, and reduce burnout and job stress need to be considered in managing staff nurse absenteeism. 相似文献
Background Front-line staff nurse absenteeism contributes to discontinuity of patient care, decreased staff morale and is costly to healthcare.
Evaluation A systematic review of studies from 1986 to 2006, obtained through electronic searches of 10 online databases led to inclusion of 16 peer-reviewed research articles. Seventy potential predictors of absenteeism were examined and analysed using content analysis.
Key issue Our findings showed that individual 'nurses' prior attendance records', 'work attitudes' (job satisfaction, organizational commitment and work/job involvement) and 'retention factors' reduced nurse absenteeism, whereas 'burnout' and 'job stress' increased absenteeism. Remaining factors examined in the literature did not significantly predict nurse absenteeism.
Conclusions Reasons underlying absenteeism among staff nurses are still poorly understood. Lack of robust theory about nursing absenteeism may underlie the inconsistent results found in this review. Further theory development and research is required to explore the determinants of short-term absenteeism of nurses in acute care hospitals.
Implications for nursing management Work environment factors that increase nurses' job satisfaction, and reduce burnout and job stress need to be considered in managing staff nurse absenteeism. 相似文献
100.
Nicholas J. Okon DO ; Daniel V. Rodriguez MD ; Dennis W. Dietrich MD ; Carrie S. Oser MPH ; Lynda L. Blades MPH ; Anne M. Burnett RN MN CPHQ ; Joseph A. Russell NREMT-P ; Martha J. Allen RN ; Linda Chasson MSA ; Steven D. Helgerson MD MPH ; Dorothy Gohdes MD ; Todd S. Harwell MPH 《The Journal of rural health》2006,22(3):237-241
CONTEXT: Rapid diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke can lead to improved patient outcomes. Hospitals in rural and frontier counties, however, face unique challenges in providing diagnostic and treatment services for acute stroke. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the availability of key diagnostic technology and programs for acute stroke evaluation and treatment in Montana and northern Wyoming. METHODS: In 2004, hospital medical directors or their designees were mailed a survey about the availability of diagnostic technology, programs, and personnel for acute stroke care. FINDINGS: Fifty-eight of 67 (87%) hospitals responded to the survey. Seventy-nine percent (46/58) of responding hospitals were located in frontier counties, with an average bed size of 18 (11 SD). Of the hospitals in frontier counties, 44% reported emergency medical services prehospital stroke identification programs, 39% had 24-hour computed tomography capability, 44% had an emergency department stroke protocol, and 61% had a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator protocol. Thirty percent of hospitals in frontier counties reported that they met 6-10 of the criteria established by the Brain Attack Coalition to improve acute stroke care compared to 67% of hospitals in the nonfrontier counties. CONCLUSION: A stroke network model could enhance care and improve outcomes for stroke victims in frontier counties. 相似文献