基于术前血清学指标AFP和GGT的标准在预测肝细胞癌患者肝移植术后长期生存中的作用研究

目的  分析术前血清学指标对肝细胞癌（HCC）患者肝移植术后长期生存和肿瘤复发的预测作用,探索其对扩大米兰标准的意义。方法  回顾性分析669例HCC肝移植受者的临床资料,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线计算最佳截取值,采用单因素和多因素回归分析影响HCC患者肝移植术后总生存率和无复发生存率的危险因素,分析术前血清肝酶与肿瘤病理学特征的相关性,比较甲胎蛋白（AFP）联合γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）以及不同肝移植标准对HCC患者肝移植术后生存和复发的预测价值。结果  超米兰标准、肿瘤直径之和（TTD） > 8 cm、AFP > 200 ng/mL和GGT > 84 U/L是影响HCC患者肝移植术后总生存率和无复发生存率的独立危险因素（均为P < 0.05）。相关性分析结果显示,术前血清GGT水平与TTD,肿瘤数量,静脉侵犯,微卫星病变,包膜侵犯,肿瘤、淋巴结、转移（TNM）分期,Child-Pugh评分,超米兰标准均存在相关性（均为P < 0.05）。将米兰标准、TTD与血清肝酶指标（AFP和GGT）结合,提出Milan-AFP-GGT-TTD（M-AGT）标准。符合M-AGT标准者（其中111例超米兰标准）术后5年总生存率和无复发生存率均高于符合杭州标准者（均为P < 0.05）,与符合加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）标准者的术后5年总生存率和无复发生存率比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。结论  术前血清学指标AFP和GGT可有效预测HCC患者肝移植术后长期生存和肿瘤复发,建立基于血清学指标的M-AGT标准有助于补充米兰标准,且简单易行。     

肝移植术后急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征的研究进展

急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合症（ALI/ARDS）是肝移植术后常见的并发症,可延长受者术后重症监护室入住时间,影响肝移植手术疗效,病情严重可致受者死亡,临床中引起了肝移植外科医师的高度重视。肝移植术后ALI/ARDS可由肺源性因素（例如机械通气相关肺损伤、肺部感染、误吸等）直接导致,也可由非肺源性因素（例如肺部以外的严重感染、输血、缺血-再灌注损伤等）间接导致。本文对肝移植术后ALI/ARDS的诊断标准及发生情况、发生机制、危险因素、实验室及临床诊断方法以及治疗方法等进行综述,加深对肝移植围手术期ALI/ARDS的理解与认知,以期为肝移植术后ALI/ARDS的诊治提供借鉴。     

对抗牵引整复肩关节前脱位的体会

1999年来采用椅背整复法(观察组)治疗的肩关节前脱位38例，与同期采用手牵足蹬法(对照组)治疗的肩关节前脱位40例比较，现报告如下。     

Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite／collagen composite and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on lumbar intertransverse fusion in rabbits

Objective: To investigate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (nHA/collagen) composite as a graft extender and enhancer when combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on lumbar intertransverse fusion in rabbits. Methods: Sixty-four adult female New Zealand white rabbits, aged 1 year and weighing 3.5-4.5kg, underwent similar posterolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis and were randomly divided into 4 groups based on different grafts: autogenous cancellous bone alone (ACB group), nHA/collagen alone ( HAC group ), half autogenous cancellous bone and half nHA/collagen (ACB HAC group) and nHA/collagen combined with rhBMP-2 (HAC BMP group ). The fusion masses were analyzed by manual palpation, radiography, biomechanical testing and histological examination. Results: Fusion was observed in 4 cases in the 6th week and in 5 cases in the 10tb week after surgery in ACB group. No case showed fusion in HAC group. In ACB HAC group, there was fusion in 3 cases in the 6th week and in 4 cases in the 10th week after surgery. In HAC BMP group, fusion in 1 case was found in the 4th week, in 5 cases in the 6th week and in 6 cases in the 10th week after surgery. It suggested that ACB, ACB HAC and HAC BMP groups showed similar fusion ratio and mechanical strength in the 6th and 10th week after surgery. According to the microstructure analysis of the samples, nHA/collagen had no negative effect when implanted together with ilium autograft. In HAC BMP group, new bone-like tissue was observed in the 2nd week postoperatively, and nearly all of the implanted composites were replaced by mature bone matrix and new bones in 10th week postoperatively. Conclusions：The nHA/collagen, especially combined with rhBMP-2, is a promising bone substitute, for it has quick biodegradation, fine bone-bending ability, and high osteoconductivity on posterolateral spinal fusion in rabbits.     

Treatment of very severe brain injuries

Objective: To sum up the experience in treating very severe traumatic brain injuries. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 68 patients with very severe traumatic brain injuries treated in our hospital from 1997 to 2002 was done. Results: Forty-one (60%) patients died. In the 50 patients treated surgically 27(40%) survived, 8 recovered well, 9 had moderate disability and 10 had sever deficits.The 18 patients treated non-operatively all died. Conclusions. Much attention should be given to the observation of the changes of severe brain injuries with cranial base injury. Timely operative decompression, basic life support, keeping effective brain blood perfnsion and effective oxygen supply, improving cerebral microcirculation and preventing or controlling complications are the main methods to raise the successful rate of treating very severe brain injuries and the life quality of the patients.     

吸入麻醉药增加β淀粉样蛋白的寡聚化反应和细胞毒性

背景:多数外科病人都接受过吸入麻醉药,主要是小分子卤代烃和卤代醚类。长期任知功能障碍发生于麻醉和手术后的老年病人。对神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病病人来说,以前接受过手术可能也一个是危险诱发因素。作者认为吸入麻醉药可能通过增强肽的持久寡聚化诱发上述疾病。     

胫骨平台骨折内固定疗效分析

目的　探讨胫骨平台骨折内固定治疗的临床效果。方法　回顾性总结用单侧钢板、双侧钢板及单纯螺钉、克氏针对不同类型的胫骨平台骨折作内固定疗效。同时分析伤后手术时机、术后外固定和屈膝功能锻炼时间对膝关节功能恢复的影响。结果　本组共 186例随访 6个月～ 6年 ,总优良率为 85 5 %。伤后第一阶段 (1～ 5d)手术 ,伤口一期愈合率为 86 92 % ,伤后第二阶段 (6～ 10d)手术 ,伤口一期愈合率为 96 5 %。术后 2周内作屈膝功能锻炼者膝关节伸屈功能 90 %以上恢复 ,外固定 6周后再作屈膝功能锻炼者 2 7 5 %病例出现膝关节伸屈活动度减小。结论　单侧钢板适用于按Schectzker分类Ⅰ～Ⅳ型骨折 ,双侧钢板适用于Ⅴ～Ⅵ型骨折 ,单纯螺钉克氏针 ,可用于Ⅰ～Ⅲ型骨折 ,但稳定性差。手术时机在受伤 1周以后局部水肿消退 ,皮肤出现皱纹时为最佳。术中植骨将减少术后胫骨平台的下陷 ,并能早期屈膝及负重功能锻炼 ,促进骨折愈合及功能恢复。     

重度放烧复合伤大鼠创面处理的实验研究

本文用不同方法对重度放烧复台伤大鼠创面进行了处理。结果显示, 伤后24小时植自体皮、异体皮或伍加输血时, 30天活存率和胸腺及脾细胞功能的恢复程度, 均显著高于对照组, 也高于单给Zn(SD)₂保痴或AgSD及zn(sD)₂保痂植皮组。但伤后7天植皮的动物25天内全部死亡。伤后1天, 痂下和内脏均未捡出细菌, 3～15天, 对照组内脏检出率随痴下增加而升高, 但24小时植皮组仅创面检出2例。这说明伤后24小时切痂植皮时效果最好, 主要因及早消除创面, 使感染减轻、免疫功能改善而有利于提高疗效。但极期应严禁切痂植皮。     

经皮肾镜联合输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管石街

目的探讨经皮肾镜取石术（percutaneous nephrolithotripsy,PCNL）联合经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管石街的可行性。方法 2008年3月～2011年10月对27例经B超、KUB、泌尿系CT三维重建等检查确诊的输尿管石街,在输尿管镜下气压弹道加水冲将石街推至肾盂或输尿管上段,再行PCNL。结果 23例1次取石成功,3例2次取石成功,1例因输尿管下端闭锁无法进镜,仅行经皮肾造瘘置管引流术。19例随访3～12个月,平均6个月,8例积水完全消失,7例轻度积水,4例中度积水,无出血、输尿管梗阻、结石复发。结论 PCNL联合输尿管镜气压弹道治疗输尿管石街,疗效确切、安全。     

两种方法在拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙中的疗效比较

目的:观察和比较两种拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙的临床疗效。方法:门诊200例下颌阻生第三磨牙随机分为两组,各100颗。分别采用传统锤凿去骨法和涡轮机去骨法拔除,记录手术时间、术后疼痛、张口受限等情况并进行统计学分析。结果:两种手术方法在手术时间、术后疼痛、张口受限、肿胀程度等方面有统计学差异(P<0.05),传统锤凿去骨组出现干槽症与下唇麻木分别为5例和1例,涡轮机去骨组分别为1例和0例,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与传统锤凿去骨法相比,采用涡轮机去骨法拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙手术时间短,术后并发症较少,值得临床推广。