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921.
Ferris EJ; Ledor K; ben-Avi DD; Baker ML; Robbins KV; McCowan TC; Sharma B 《Radiology》1985,157(2):319-322
The cardiovascular applications of flexible fiber-optic technology are imminent because of recent advances in miniaturization. In the work described here, angioscopy, or vascular endoscopy, was performed in the cadaveric aorta and in the systemic and pulmonary circulations of the canine model and selected human patients. Subsequent to our development of percutaneous techniques, clinical trials have ranged from lower-extremity venoscopy to aortic-root arterioscopy. Angioscopy could be clinically useful because of relative or absolute contraindications to iodinated contrast material. The ability to see in color and three dimensions may afford some other advantages to angioscopy over conventional angiography. 相似文献
922.
Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: comparison of angiography, CT, US, and scintigraphy 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Welch TJ; Sheedy PF d; Johnson CM; Stephens DH; Charboneau JW; Brown ML; May GR; Adson MA; McGill DB 《Radiology》1985,156(3):593-595
The authors reviewed 23 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia and 13 cases of hepatic adenoma, all of which were confirmed pathologically. All solitary masses that exhibited normal or increased uptake of technetium 99m-sulfur colloid were shown to be hyperplasia; while previous criteria such as a central blood supply on angiograms or a central scar on computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) scans were helpful, they were relatively infrequent. A mass that was slightly hypodense and homogeneous on a CT or US scan and highly vascular with an intense capillary stain on an angiogram was almost always hyperplasia. Acute hemorrhage within a focal hepatic tumor was common in adenoma but did not occur in hyperplasia. 相似文献
923.
I K Lim L L Dumenco J Yun C Donovan B Warman N Gorodetzkaya T E Wagner D W Clapp R W Hanson S L Gerson 《Cancer research》1990,50(6):1701-1708
924.
925.
Urinary mutagenicity as a biomarker in workers exposed to benzidine: correlation with urinary metabolites and urothelial DNA adducts 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
DeMarini DM; Brooks LR; Bhatnagar VK; Hayes RB; Eischen BT; Shelton ML; Zenser TV; Talaska G; Kashyap SK; Dosemeci M; Kashyap R; Parikh DJ; Lakshmi V; Hsu F; Davis BB; Jaeger M; Rothman N 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(5):981-988
Urinary mutagenicity has been used in occupational and epidemiological
studies for over two decades as a cost-effective, general biomarker of
exposure to genotoxic agents. However, few studies have compared urinary
mutagenicity to additional biomarkers determined among low- and
high-exposed groups. To address this issue, we evaluated the relationship
between urinary mutagenicity and other types of biomarkers in a
cross-sectional study involving 15 workers exposed to the urinary bladder
carcinogen benzidine (BZ, high exposure), 15 workers exposed to BZ-dyes
(low exposure), and 13 unexposed controls in Ahmedabad, India. Urinary
organics were extracted by C18/methanol and evaluated for mutagenicity in
the presence of S9 in the Salmonella strain YG1024, which is a frameshift
strain that overproduces acetyltransferase. The results were compared to
biomarker data reported recently from the same urine samples (Rothman et
al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 5084- 5089, 1996) that included a
metabolite biomarker (the sum of the urinary levels of BZ +
N-acetylbenzidine + N,N'-diacetylbenzidine) and a DNA adduct biomarker [a
presumptive N-(3'-phosphodeoxyguanosin-8-yl)- N'-acetylbenzidine (C8dG-ABZ)
DNA adduct in exfoliated urothelial cells]. The mean +/- SE urinary
mutagenicity (revertants/micromol of creatinine) of the low-exposure
(BZ-dye) workers was 8.2 +/- 2.4, which was significantly different from
the mean of the controls (2.8 +/- 0.7, P = 0.04) as was that of the mean of
the high-exposure (BZ) workers (123.2 +/- 26.1, P < 0.0001). Urinary
mutagenicity showed strong, positive correlations with urinary metabolites
(r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and the level of the presumptive C8dG-ABZ
urothelial DNA adduct (r = 0.59, P = 0.0006). A strong association was
found between tobacco use (bidi smoking) and urinary mutagenicity among the
controls (r = 0.68, P = 0.01) but not among the exposed workers (r = 0.18,
P = 0.11). This study confirms the ability of a biomarker such as urinary
mutagenicity to detect low-dose exposures, identify additional genotoxic
exposures among the controls, and correlate strongly with urinary
metabolites and DNA adducts in the target tissue (urinary bladder
epithelia) in humans.
相似文献
926.
927.
Observer performance tests were conducted to compare the effects on diagnostic accuracy of hard copy (film) versus video display and to determine the diagnostic merits of conventional negative ("white bone") versus positive ("black bone") video displays. Subjective preferences were elicited from each observer for each display modality, and diagnostic accuracy was determined with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Digitized chest radiographs were used, including normal and abnormal cases with a variety of subtle abnormalities. The hard copy was printed with a 1,024 X 1,024-matrix by a high-quality drum scanner in conventional white bone format only. The video images were displayed on a 1,023-line monitor (30 Hz, interlaced) in both white bone and black bone formats with fixed window and brightness settings. Most observers preferred hard copy to video, but preferences were sharply divided between white bone and black bone video. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly greater with hard copy than with video display, and the conventional white bone format was significantly superior in accuracy to the black bone display. 相似文献
928.
Wang ML; Hussey DH; Vigliotti AP; Benda J; Wen BC; Doornbos JF; Anderson B 《Radiology》1987,165(2):561-565
Between 1960 and 1979, 41 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium who were poor surgical risks were treated with radiation therapy at the University of Iowa. Local tumor control was achieved in 78% of the patients, 5% manifested complications, and 46% survived 5 years ("uncorrected" 5-year survival rate). Intercurrent disease was the major cause of death (54%), and intrauterine recurrence (22%) was the most frequent recurrence. Intraperitoneal spread (12%) occurred as commonly as hematogenous metastases (12%). Three of nine local failures occurred after 5 years. Local control rates correlated well with clinical stage, and the survival rates correlated well with the stage and grade of the tumor. Local tumor control was achieved in 95% of patients who received greater than 7,000 mg-h intracavitary radium, compared with 63% of patients treated with less than 7,000 mg-h. 相似文献
929.
We have shown recently that adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient mice die
perinatally with severe liver cell degeneration. In addition to enzyme
substitution, we report the restoration of viability through introduction
of the human ADA gene. The ADA gene is subject to complex developmental and
tissue-specific regulation. To include the cis- regulatory elements
necessary for correct regulation of the human ADA gene, a large transgenic
locus constituting the human ADA gene with 10 kb of 5' and 4 kb of 3'
flanking sequences was generated by co- injection of two overlapping DNA
fragments into murine zygotes. Probably as a result of extrachromosomal
(homologous) recombination between the fragments, one of the two transgenic
lines contained a reconstituted, functional human ADA gene. As in man,
human ADA expression generally was low in these transgenic mice, but high
in the thymus, spleen and gastro-duodenal part of the gut. Apparently, all
cis- regulatory elements essential for a human expression pattern were
incorporated in the transgene and were functional in the murine background.
Similarly to man, the upper alimentary tract of the transgenic mice
revealed low human ADA activity in contrast to extremely high levels of
murine ADA. The human gene probably lacks the cis-regulatory elements that
target high level murine ADA expression to the murine upper alimentary
tract. ADA-deficient mice rescued by introduction of the human ADA
transgene appeared histologically and immunologically normal. Apparently,
human ADA can complement murine ADA in all tissues, even in the epithelium
of the upper alimentary tract where human ADA activity is as much as
70-fold lower than murine ADA activity in wild-type mice. Clearly, the
lethal phenotype of ADA- deficient mice is due to the absence of ADA.
相似文献
930.
Characterisation of renal chloride channel, CLCN5, mutations in hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) disorders 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lloyd SE; Gunther W; Pearce SH; Thomson A; Bianchi ML; Bosio M; Craig IW; Fisher SE; Scheinman SJ; Wrong O; Jentsch TJ; Thakker RV 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(8):1233-1239
Mutations of the renal-specific chloride channel (CLCN5) gene, which is
located on chromosome Xp11.22, are associated with hypercalciuric
nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) in the Northern European and Japanese
populations. CLCN5 encodes a 746 amino acid channel (CLC-5) that has
approximately 12 transmembrane domains, and heterologous expression of
wild-type CLC-5 in Xenopus oocytes has yielded outwardly rectifying
chloride currents that were markedly reduced or abolished by these
mutations. In order to assess further the structural and functional
relationships of this recently cloned chloride channel, additional CLCN5
mutations have been identified in five unrelated families with this
disorder. Three of these mutations were missense (G57V, G512R and E527D),
one was a nonsense (R648Stop) and one was an insertion (30:H insertion). In
addition, two of the mutations (30:H insertion and E527D) were demonstrated
to be de novo, and the G57V and E527D mutations were identified in families
of Afro-American and Indian origin, respectively. The G57V and 30:H
insertion mutations represent the first CLCN5 mutations to be identified in
the N-terminus region, and the R648Stop mutation, which has been observed
previously in an unrelated family, suggests that this codon may be
particularly prone to mutations. Heterologous expression of the mutations
resulted in a marked reduction or abolition of the chloride currents,
thereby establishing their functional importance. These results help to
elucidate further the structure-function relationships of this renal
chloride channel.
相似文献