Role of blood flow in acute gastric lesion after hepatectomy and effect of prostaglandin I2 and H2-receptor antagonist

In order to investigate the cause of gastric mucosal lesion following hepatectomy, changes of gastric, pancreatic and femoral arterial blood flow were measured in 70% hepatectomized rabbits. Following administration of 0.5 microgram/kg of GRP, gastric blood flow increased to 120% of the basal level in the controls, but reached to only 107% of the basal level in the hepatectomized rabbits. Following hemorrhage of 10% of the total blood volume seven days after hepatectomy, blood flow decreased to 55% of the basal level in the stomach, 57% in the pancreas and 76% in the femoral artery. Although pancreatic blood flow recovered to 81% of the basal level, gastric blood flow remained low, 59% of the basal level, suggesting poor recovery of gastric blood flow as compared to pancreatic blood flow. Administration of PGI2 and ranitidine in hepatectomized rabbits with hemorrhage conferred a considerable degree of recovery of gastric blood flow in the PGI2 group (from 56% to 80%) and in the ranitidine group (from 52% to 72%). Thus, disturbance of reaction and poor recovery of gastric blood flow following hemorrhage were indicated as important causes of acute gastric mucosal lesion associated with hepatectomy. Both PGI2 and ranitidine appeared to be effective for the maintenance of gastric blood flow after hepatectomy.     

Spiral coils for arterial occlusion

Roentgen endovascular occlusion with spiral emboli was used in 240 patients with different diseases. The introduction of spiral emboli into the arteries of abdominal and retroperitoneal organs was fulfilled through usual angiographic catheters. Duration of the arterial occlusion was checked up in the following angiographic examinations and showed the devices described to be appropriate for a continuous arterial blockade. No complications resulting from the introduction of the spiral embolus were noted.     

Multiple regression analysis of twin data obtained from selected samples

The multiple regression analysis of twin data in which a cotwin's score is predicted from that of a proband (the member of a twin pair selected because of a deviant score) and the coefficient of relationship provides a powerful test of genetic etiology (DeFries and Fulker: Behav Genet 15:467-473, 1985). Moreover, when an augmented model containing an interaction term is fitted to the same data set, direct estimates of heritability (h2) and the proportion of variance owing to shared environmental influences (c2) are also obtained. In the present paper, the expected partial regression coefficients estimated from these models are derived, and the flexibility of the general approach is illustrated. An extended model is formulated for the analysis of data from combined samples of affected and control twin pairs that yields tests for differential h2 and c2 in the two groups as well as pooled estimates of these parameters. The application of these models is illustrated by an analysis of data from reading-disabled and control twin pairs. Because of the ease, flexibility, and utility of the multiple regression analysis of twin data, it is an appealing alternative to more traditional model-fitting approaches.     

Enzyme immunoassays and related procedures in diagnostic medical virology

This review article describes several applications of the widely used enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure. EIA methods have been adapted to solve problems in diagnostic virology where sensitivity, specificity, or practicability is required. Concurrent developments in hybridoma and conjugation methods have increased significantly the use of these assays. A general overview of EIA methods is given together with typical examples of their use in diagnostic medical virology; attention is drawn to possible pitfalls. Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology have made it possible to produce highly specific nucleic acid probes that have a sensitivity approximately 100 times greater than that of EIA. Some applications of these probes are described. Although the non-labelled nucleic acid probes for use in the field are not as refined as non-labelled immunoassays, their range of applications is expected to expand rapidly in the near future.     

Activation of human B cells mediated through two distinct cell surface differentiation antigens, Bp35 and Bp50.

Two human B-cell differentiation antigens, Bp35 and Bp50, apparently play distinct roles as signal receptors in B-cell activation. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to either Bp35 or Bp50 deliver positive signals to B cells that stimulate their transition through the cell cycle. mAb to Bp35, like anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, functions principally to activate resting B cells to become competent to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In contrast, mAb to Bp50, a 50-kDa polypeptide expressed on all B cells, functions to stimulate activated B cells to traverse the cell cycle. mAb to Bp35, like anti-immunoglobulin antibodies, activates tonsillar B cells and induces low levels of B-cell proliferation. In contrast, anti-Bp50 mAb alone neither activates B cells nor induces B cells to proliferate but, together with anti-Bp35 or anti-immunoglobulin, augments B-cell proliferation. In this respect the action of anti-Bp50 antibody resembles the activity of B-cell growth factor(s) (BCGF). As little as 0.05 microgram of anti-Bp50 per ml is needed to augment proliferation and, like BCGF, anti-Bp50 is effective even when added 12-24 hr after B cells are activated with anti-immunoglobulin or anti-Bp35. Without additional exogenous signals, anti-Bp35 and anti-Bp50 together induce strong proliferation of purified resting B cells. These results suggest that the Bp35 and Bp50 surface molecules function in the regulatory control of B-cell activation and progression through the cell cycle.     

Regulation of in vivo IgE biosynthesis in mice with complete Freund's adjuvant

Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) administered before sensitization dampened the normal and cyclophosphamide-enhanced response of high and moderate IgE responder phenotype mice (CAF1 and C57B1/6J, respectively). CFA-induced suppression of IgE biosynthesis was effective in reducing anaphylactic histamine release from approximately 2,900 ng histamine per milliliter to background levels (less than 100 ng/ml). CFA-induced ascites fluid was able to reduce the cyclophosphamide-enhanced IgE response of low-responder phenotype SJL mice from 1:320 to less than 1:5 as determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Muramyl dipeptide, a mycobacterial cell wall component capable of eliciting effects similar to those seen with CFA, was shown to induce suppression of IgE production if incorporated in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Muramyl dipeptide administered in saline was ineffective, while incomplete Freund's adjuvant alone had some immunoregulatory properties. Ongoing IgE responses were less susceptible to regulation. CFA administered to sensitized C57B1/6J mice was ineffective in inducing IgE suppression when animals were challenged with antigen.