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71.
72.
Bhattacharya B Sariya D Reddy VB Kluskens L Gould VE Gattuso P 《Diagnostic cytopathology》2002,26(6):384-386
A 4(1/2)-yr-old female presented with right-sided pleural effusion and a retroperitoneal mass. Cytologic analysis of the pleural fluid yielded malignant small round blue cells, which were noncohesive, 3-4 times the size of lymphocytes. The malignant cells had hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei with moderate amounts of vacuolated cytoplasm. A few fiber-shaped cells were also seen. Immunostains for desmin, muscle-specific actin were positive; ultrastructural findings of thick and thin actin-myosin filaments confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This case illustrates the importance of performing appropriate immunohistochemical stains and ultrastructural studies on cytological material to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. 相似文献
73.
L. Maximilian Buja Victor J. Ferrans Barry J. Maron 《The American journal of pathology》1974,74(3):613-648
Junctional structures formed by two parts of the plasma membrane of the same cardiac muscle cell were observed in ventricular myocardium of: a) patients with neoplasms, aortic valvular disease or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and b) dogs subjected to prolonged normothermic anoxic cardiac arrest. Most of these structures had features of desmosomes; other, more complex structures had components with features of desmosomes, fasciae adherentes and nexuses, and, therefore, resembled intercalated discs. These intracytoplasmic junctions were localized to: a) the peripheral cytoplasm at the sides or ends of cells, b) narrow invaginations of plasma membranes, c) narrow zones of deep, broad plasmalemmal invaginations and d) narrow branches of T tubules. In patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or aortic valvular disease and in the dogs subjected to anoxic cardiac arrest, intracytoplasmic junctions were observed in hypertrophied or degenerated muscle cells which were located in areas of fibrosis and which showed loss of contact with adjacent cells. In patients with neoplasms, intracyto-plasmic junctions were found in degenerated cells which were located in areas of interstitial edema and which also showed loss of contact with adjacent cells. Our observations suggest that remodeling of cell surfaces following loss of intercellular contact is the most likely mechanism of formation of intracytoplasmic junctions. 相似文献
74.
Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
R L Converse T N Jacobsen R D Toto C M Jost F Cosentino F Fouad-Tarazi R G Victor 《The New England journal of medicine》1992,327(27):1912-1918
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a frequent complication of chronic renal failure, but its causes are not fully understood. There is indirect evidence that increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system might contribute to hypertension in patients with end-stage renal disease, but sympathetic-nerve discharge has not been measured directly in patients or animals with chronic renal failure. METHODS: We recorded the rate of postganglionic sympathetic-nerve discharge to the blood vessels in skeletal muscle by means of microelectrodes inserted into the peroneal nerve in 18 patients with native kidneys who were undergoing long-term treatment with hemodialysis (of whom 14 had hypertension), 5 patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy (of whom 1 had hypertension), and 11 normal subjects. RESULTS. The mean (+/- SE) rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was 2.5 times higher in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had not undergone nephrectomy than in the normal subjects (58 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 3 bursts per minute, P < 0.01). In contrast, the rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was similar in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy (21 +/- 6 bursts per minute) and the normal subjects. The rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had not undergone nephrectomy was also significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in the patients with bilateral nephrectomy, and it was accompanied in the former group by higher values for vascular resistance in the calf (45 +/- 4 vs. 22 +/- 4 units, P < 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (106 +/- 4 vs. 76 +/- 14 mm Hg, P < 0.05). The rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was not correlated with either plasma norepinephrine concentrations or plasma renin activity. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic renal failure may be accompanied by reversible sympathetic activation, which appears to be mediated by an afferent signal arising in the failing kidneys. 相似文献
75.
Joseph Niezette Nikos Hadjichristidis Victor Desreux 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1976,177(7):2069-2078
Trityl methacrylate was polymerized with 2,2′-azodiisobutyronitrile at 60°C in a homogeneous hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPT) solution. The isotactic microstrucutre found by NMR spectroscopy was less important for this polymer than for poly(trityl methacrylate) prepared in benzene, a precipitating medium. Some aspects of the hydrodynamic behaviour of poly(trityl methacrylate) were examined in HMPT at 25°C. Relations between the intrinsic viscosity, the root-mean-square end-to-end dimension, and the weight average molecular weight were established. The unperturbed dimension 〈r 〉1/2 was determined from viscosity and light scattering measurements using the well known extrapolation methods of Kurata-Stockmayer, Stockmayer-Fixman, Cowie, Inagaki-Kurata, and Baumann. Poly(trityl methacrylate) adopts a moderately expanded conformation in HMPT at 25°C. The correlation of the chain rigidity with the molar volume of the side group of polymethacrylic esters shows that poly(trityl methacrylate) has a higher chain rigidity than other polymethacrylates on account of the steric hindrance of the trityl group and of the strong interactions between the aromatic rings. 相似文献
76.
We examine the responses of single neurons and pairs of neurons, simultaneously recorded with a single tetrode in the primary visual cortex of the anesthetized macaque monkey, to transient presentations of stationary gratings of varying spatial phase. Such simultaneously recorded neurons tended to have similar tuning to the phase of the grating. To determine the response features that reliably discriminate these stimuli, we use the metric-space approach extended to pairs of neurons. We find that paying attention to the times of individual spikes, at a resolution of approximately 30 ms, and keeping track of which neuron fires which spike rather than just the summed local activity contribute substantially to phase coding. The contribution is both quantitative (increasing the fidelity of phase coding) and qualitative (enabling a 2-dimensional "response space" that corresponds to the spatial phase cycle). We use a novel approach, the extraction of "temporal profiles" from the metric space analysis, to interpret and compare temporal coding across neurons. Temporal profiles were remarkably consistent across a large subset of neurons. This consistency indicates that simple mechanisms (e.g., comparing the size of the transient and sustained components of the response) allow the temporal contribution to phase coding to be decoded. 相似文献
77.
Transcytosis and catabolism of antibody 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
This review describes the evolution of our knowledge of the transmission of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to infant and
the factors which regulate the persistence of IgG in the circulation. These apparently unrelated processes involve the same
Fc receptor, FcRn (n=neonatal). FcRn appears to carry out these diverse roles by binding to IgG and then either transporting
the bound IgG across cells (transcytosis) or recycling its cargo back to the cell surface (control of catabolism). IgG that
is taken up by cells in the absence of binding to FcRn undergoes degradation. Thus, FcRn is the “protective” receptor that
servesto maintain IgG homeostasis and deliver IgGs across cellular barriers. 相似文献
78.
79.
Victor M. Byrd Xiao Ming Zhao Geraldine G. Miller James W. Thomas 《Immunologic research》1994,13(2-3):139-144
The primary lesion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a destructive synovitis characterized by proliferation of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells, and with perivascular lymphocyte aggregates. A nonhematopoietic growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), may induce many of the biological features found in rheumatoid synovium, including T cell activation. To determine if aFGF-responsive T cells are increased in RA, we developed an assay to measure the frequency of peripheral blood T cells that are costimulated by aFGF. The data indicate that the frequency of aFGF-responsive T cells is increased in RA and may change with disease activity and treatment. 相似文献
80.
Dejan Popovic Tessa Gordon Victor F. Rafuse Dr. Arthur Prochazka 《Annals of biomedical engineering》1991,19(3):303-316
Implanted wire electrodes are increasingly being used for the functional electrical stimulation of muscles in partially paralysed
patients, yet many of their basic characteristics are poorly understood. In this study we investigated the selectivity, recruitment
characteristics and range of control of several types of electrode in triceps surae and plantaris muscles of anaesthetized
cats. We found that nerve cuffs are more efficient and selective (i.e., cause less stimulus spread to surrounding muscles)
than intramuscular electrodes. Bipolar intramuscular stimulation was more efficient and selective than monopolar stimulation,
but only if the nerve entry point was between the electrodes. Monopolar electrodes are efficient and selective if located
close to the nerve entry point, but their performance declines with distance from it. Nonetheless, for a variety of reasons
monopolar stimulation provides the best compromise in many current applications. Short duration pulses offer the best efficiency
(least charge per pulse to elicit force) but high peak currents, increasing the risk of electrode corrosion and tissue damage.
Electrode size has little effect on recruitment and should therefore be maximised because this minimises current density. 相似文献