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151.
Tarasuk Valerie 《Nutrients》2014,6(10):4421-4433
‘Discretionary fortification’ refers to the addition of vitamins and minerals to foods at the discretion of manufacturers for marketing purposes, but not as part of a planned public health intervention. While the nutrients added may correspond to needs in the population, an examination of novel beverages sold in Toronto supermarkets revealed added nutrients for which there is little or no evidence of inadequacy in the population. This is consistent with the variable effects of manufacturer-driven fortification on nutrient adequacy observed in the US. Nutrient intakes in excess of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are now observed in the context of supplement use and high levels of consumption of fortified foods. Expanding discretionary fortification can only increase nutrient exposures, but any health risks associated with chronically high nutrient loads from fortification and supplementation remain to be discovered. Regulatory bodies are focused on the establishment of safe levels of nutrient addition, but their estimation procedures are fraught with untested assumptions and data limitations. The task of determining the benefits of discretionary fortification is being left to consumers, but the nutrition information available to them is insufficient to allow for differentiation of potentially beneficial fortification from gratuitous nutrient additions. 相似文献
152.
ObjectivesThis review sought to identify the empirical evidence for the application of models from sociocognitive theory, self-regulation theory, and social support theory at predicting patient adherence to medications.MethodsA systematic review of the published literature (1990–2010) using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsychINFO identified studies examining the application of health psychology theory to adherence to medication in adult patients. Two independent reviewers extracted data on medication, indication, study population, adherence measure, theory, model, survey instruments, and results. Heterogeneity in theoretical model specification and empirical investigation precluded a meta-analysis of data.ResultsOf 1756 unique records, 67 articles were included (sociocognitive = 35, self-regulation = 21, social support = 11). Adherence was most commonly measured by self-report (50 of 67). Synthesis of studies highlighted the significance (P ≤ 0.05) of self-efficacy (17 of 19), perceived barriers (11 of 17), perceived susceptibility (3 of 6), necessity beliefs (8 of 9), and medication concerns (7 of 8).ConclusionsThe results of this review provide a foundation for the development of theory-led adherence-enhancing interventions that could promote sustainable behavior change in clinical practice. 相似文献
153.
Valerie DeBenedette 《The Physician and sportsmedicine》2013,41(3):194-200
When an emergency occurs somewhere in the bleachers of a crowded stadium, the medical team faces a logistic challenge. Communication and transportation are key elements in effective coverage. 相似文献
154.
Carol Anne Wien Valerie Conrad Barbara Scott RN BScN Cattis Liander‐Esbensen BA EdM Elizabeth Crocker M Ed 《Children's Health Care》2013,42(3):106-109
Let's Remember Corky, Fine, Polly Delson, Shaker Heights, Ohio, 1981. Paperback, unpaged, $4.75. The Tenth Good Thing about Barney, Viorst, Judith, Hartford, Atheneum, 1971. Paperback, 20 pages, illustrated by Erik Blegvad. Jasper Enters the Hospital, 16½ mins., The Day of Jasper's Operation, 13½ mins., Wellness: It's Not Magic, 15 mins., Video Cassettes‐ 16 mm. Available from: Kids Corner, 2027 North Tejon Street, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80907, (303) 475–2499. First Do No Harm, produced by Pierce Atkins Corporation, 45 mins., S400 (purchase), S45 (daily rental). Distributed by Children's Hospital National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20010. Pediatric Diagnostic Procedures With Guidelines for Preparing Children for Clinical Tests, Droske, Susan C. and Francis, Sally A. Toronto, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1981. The Children's Medical Series ‐ a series of eight videotapes with Susan Linn and her puppets. 相似文献
155.
Anna Semaniakou Sarah Brothers Grayson Gould Mehrsa Zahiremani Jamie Paton Frederic Chappe Audrey Li Younes Anini Roger P. Croll Valerie Chappe 《Journal of cystic fibrosis》2021,20(1):154-164
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is the major physiological agonist of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) chloride channel activity. VIP functions as a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter secreted by neurons innervating all exocrine glands. VIP is also a potent vasodilator and bronchodilator that regulates exocrine gland secretions, contributing to local innate defense by stimulating the movement of water and chloride transport across intestinal and tracheobronchial epithelia. Previous human studies have shown that the rich intrinsic neuronal networks for VIP secretion around exocrine glands could be lost in tissues from patients with cystic fibrosis. Our research has since confirmed, in vitro and in vivo, the need for chronic VIP exposure to maintain functional CFTR chloride channels at the cell surface of airways and intestinal epithelium, as well as normal exocrine tissues morphology [1]. The goal of the present study was to examine changes in VIP in the lung, duodenum and sweat glands of 8- and 17-weeks old F508del/F508del mice and to investigate VIPergic innervation in the small intestine of CF mice, before important signs of the disease development. Our data show that a low amount of VIP is found in CF tissues prior to tissue damage. Moreover, we found a specific reduction in VIPergic and cholinergic innervation of the small intestine. The general innervation of the primary and secondary myenteric plexus was lost in CF tissues, with the presence of enlarged ganglionic cells in the tertiary layer. We propose that low amount of VIP in CF tissues is due to a reduction in VIPergic and cholinergic innervation and represents an early defect that constitutes an aggravating factor for CF disease progression. 相似文献
156.
Memory exhibits episodic superposition, an analog of the quantum superposition of physical states: Before a cue for a presented or unpresented item is administered on a memory test, the item has the simultaneous potential to occupy all members of a mutually exclusive set of episodic states, though it occupies only one of those states after the cue is administered. This phenomenon can be modeled with a nonadditive probability model called overdistribution (OD), which implements fuzzy‐trace theory's distinction between verbatim and gist representations. We show that it can also be modeled based on quantum probability theory. A quantum episodic memory (QEM) model is developed, which is derived from quantum probability theory but also implements the process conceptions of global matching memory models. OD and QEM have different strengths, and the current challenge is to identify contrasting empirical predictions that can be used to pit them against each other. 相似文献
157.
Imeglimin is a novel agent currently in development to treat type 2 diabetes. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that it has the potential to impact the three main pathophysiologic components of type 2 diabetes: impaired glucose uptake by muscle tissue, excess hepatic gluconeogenesis, and increased beta-cell apoptosis. Preliminary human studies that have been published within the last 2 years demonstrate that imeglimin improves hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose similarly when compared with metformin and with sitagliptin. There has also been a low incidence of adverse effects, especially hypoglycemia, reported in these early human studies. Currently, imeglimin is lacking long-term evidence to demonstrate any effects on its cardiovascular safety, and data on morbidity and mortality, though some studies are currently in progress. There is great potential for imeglimin, if FDA approved, to play a significant role in the type 2 diabetes management algorithm. 相似文献
158.
159.
Byung-Ho Yoon Lynne C. Jones Chung-Hwan Chen Edward Y. Cheng Quanjun Cui Wolf Drescher Wakaba Fukushima Valerie Gangji Stuart B. Goodman Yong-Chan Ha Philippe Hernigou Marc Hungerford Richard Iorio Woo-Lam Jo Vikas Khanduja Harry Kim Shin-Yoon Kim Tae-Young Kim Kyung-Hoi Koo 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2019,34(1):169-174.e1
Background
Although alcohol is a leading risk factor for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and its prevalence reportedly ranges from 20% to 45%, there are no unified classification criteria for this subpopulation. In 2015, Association Research Circulation Osseous decided to develop classification criteria for alcohol-associated ONFH.Methods
In June of 2017, Association Research Circulation Osseous formed a task force to conduct a Delphi survey. The task force invited 28 experts in osteonecrosis/bone circulation from 8 countries. Each round of the Delphi survey included questionnaires, analysis of replies, and feedback reports to the panel. After 3 rounds of the survey, consensus was reached on the classification criteria. The response rates for the 3 Delphi rounds were 100% (round 1), 96% (round 2), and 100% (round 3).Results
The consensus on the classification criteria of alcohol-associated ONFH included the following: (1) patients should have a history of alcohol intake >400 mL/wk (320 g/wk, any type of alcoholic beverage) of pure ethanol for more than 6 months; (2) ONFH should be diagnosed within 1 year after alcohol intake of this dose; and (3) patients should not have other risk factor(s).Conclusion
ARCO-established classification criteria to standardize clinical studies concerning AA-ONFH. 相似文献160.
Valerie Ehlers 《International nursing review》2014,61(2):159-161