Pulmonary aspergillosis and its treatment

The authors had 85 patients with various forms of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis under observation; 45 of them were treated by various types of operative interventions. Forty patients were given mycostats. The article describes the indications and contraindications for surgical treatment, the volume of the operative interventions, the postoperative complications and their management.     

Antitumor activity and electronic structure of substituted phosphoric acid hydrazides

Translated from Khimiko-farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 12–14, April, 1990.     

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) does not cause forestomach hyperplasia by inhibiting the release of gastric mucus

High doses of BHA cause hyperplasia and subsequent neoplasia in the rodent forestomach and can inhibit gastric prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in vitro. This paper examines the hypothesis that BHA induced forestomach hyperplasia occurs in response to a reduction of gastric mucus, with consequent irritation of the forestomach. This could result from inhibition of the formation of the PG's which mediate the synthesis and release of protective mucus. Groups of 10 rats received 0 or 2% BHA in the diet for 1 or 3 weeks and a positive control group was fed a diet containing indomethacin (3.5 mg/kg), a potent inhibitor of PG synthesis. After 1 week BHA caused focal erosion and ulceration of the forestomach consistent with an irritant effect, but 2 weeks later the epithelium was healed, thickened and markedly hyperplastic. Histochemical staining for mucus showed that the development of forestomach hyperplasia was associated with increased amounts of gastric and duodenal mucus and increased numbers of serotonergic-cells in the gastric and duodenal epithelium. In contrast, indomethacin caused a marked reduction in both gastric and Brunner's gland mucus. Neither BHA nor indomethacin exerted an effect on one specific type of mucus (viz: neutral, acidic or mixed) in the stomach. These results do not support the hypothesis that forestomach hyperplasia arises from an inhibition of either the synthesis or release of gastric mucus. It is possible that the increased numbers of serotonergic-cells are related to the initial ulcerative, or subsequent hyperplastic response.     

Surgical tactics in nonspecific aortoarteritis of the thoracoabdominal region

Sixty-six patients with nonspecific aortoarteritis of thoracoabdominal localization were treated at the department of vascular surgery of the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, AMS USSR from 1984 to 1989. Operations were performed on 49 (74.9%) patients. Percutaneous angiodilatation of the renal arteries was conducted in 3 (4.5%) patients. Nonoperative treatment was carried out in 14 (21.2%) patients. In view of concurrent affection of the branches of the arch of the aorta, reconstructive operations were performed in 16 (24.2%) cases on the brachiocephalic trunks: aorto-biocarotid prosthetics (6), aortocarotid prosthetics (1), subclavian-carotid autovenous prosthetics (6), carotid-subclavian autovenous shunt (2), carotid endarterectomy (1). Reconstructive operations on the brachiocephalic trunks were preceded by reconstruction of the arteries in 5 (7.6%) cases and were conducted after correction of the blood flow in the thoracoabdominal segment in 2 (3%) cases. In 9 (13.6%) patients only the brachiocephalic trunks were reconstructed. A total of 42 reconstructive interventions on the thoracoabdominal segment were carried out on 40 (60.6%) patients, in 35 (87.5%) correction of the blood flow in the visceral branches and renal arteries was performed simultaneously. The surgical tactics suggested by the authors and the results produced by it are discussed in detail.