Increased cutaneous toxicity to ionizing radiation in HIV-positive patients

Background There are reports of increased reactions in HIV-1 + patients to ultraviolet light sometimes in association with medication. In addition, there are also reports of increased morbidity associated with radiation therapy in HIV-1 + patients. Methods Three HIV-1 + patients developed cutaneous toxic reactions to radiation therapy; two with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and one with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Conclusions Although the mechanisms which resulted in these reactions are not clear, they may be related to depletion of endogenous scavengers and may be accentuated by the pattern of immune dysregulation present in HIV-1 disease.     

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta in HIV-1 + patients: a marker of early stage disease

Background The high incidernce of cutaneous disease in HIV-1 + patients may be a marker of the chronic state of immune activation. In addition, specific cutaneous diseases may be related to the pattern and degree of immune dysregulation present in the patients at the time of the eruption. We have observed that HIV-1 + patients with pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) were in the early to midstage of HIV-1 disease. Materials and methods To determine if there was a correlation between the phenotype of the lymphoid infiltrate and surface markers of the epidermis and the known changes in early or late-stage HIV-1 disease, we studied five HIV-1 + patients with PLEVA. Cutaneous biopsy specimens were obtained and immunohistochemical stains were used to determine the expression of ELAM-1, ICAM-1, and HLA-DR and the phenotype of the lymphoid infiltrate. Results The HIV-1 + patients showed increased expression of HLA-DR on keratinocytes as well as on the mononuclear and dendritic cell populations in the epidermis and dermis. The majority of T cells were activated CD8+ cells. Conclusions Immunophenotyping of the inflammatory infiltrate in these patients is consistent with a pattern of immune dysregulation seen only in earlier stages of HIV-1 disease. Thus, PLEVA may be useful as a marker of early to midstages of HIV-1 disease.     

近视的病因与发病机制研究进展

综述本世纪以来 ( 2 0 0 0年～ 2 0 0 3年 )有关近视研究的文献。主要通过PubMed数据库 ,对“myopia”一词进行检索 ,在 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 3年 12月期间共有近视研究文献2 118篇。本研究重点复习和讨论近视的病因、发病机制及非手术治疗等问题     

Report on Childhood Obesity in China （8）： Effects and Sustainability of Physical Activity Intervention on Body Composition of Chinese Youth

Objectives To determine whether a large-scale physical activity intervention could affect body composition in primary school students in Beijing, China. Methods The study design was one-year cluster randomized controlled trial of physical activity intervention （20 rain of daily exercise in the classroom） with an additional year of follow-up among 4 700 students aged 8-11 years at baseline. Results After the one-year intervention, BMI increased by 0.56 kg/m2 （SD 1.15） in the intervention group and by 0.72 kg/m^2 （SD 1.20） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.15 kg/m^2 （95% CI： -0.28 to -0.02）. BMI z score decreased by -0.05 （SD 0.44） in the intervention group, but increased by 0.01 （SD 0.46） in the control group, with a mean difference of-0.07 （-0.13 to -0.01）. After another year of follow up, compared to the control group, children in the intervention group had significantly lower BMI （-0.13, -0.25 to -0.01 ）, BMI z score （-0.05, -0.10 to -0.01）, fat mass （-0.27 kg, -0.53 to -0.02） and percent body fat （-0.53, -1.00 to -0.05）. The intervention had a more pronounced effect on weight, height, BMI, BMI z score, and body composition among obese children than among normal weight or overweight children. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had a significantly higher percentage of children who maintained or reduced their BMI z score at year 1 （P-0.008） and year 2 （P=-0.04）. Conclusions These findings suggest that 20 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity during the school year is a feasible and effective way to prevent excessive gain of body weight, BMI, and body fatness in primary school students.     

性纯洁和“安全性行为”——两种性教育的比较（一）

禁欲(童贞、性纯洁)教育和“安全性行为”教育比较说到性教育,几乎没有人会无动于衷,事实上,每个人对学校是否应该对学生进行性教育,应该教些有关性的什么知识和应该怎样教,都有自己的看法。总的来说,这个问题一般归结为两种意见。意见1:性教育课程应主要教育学生使用避孕套和其他避孕方法,使他们在进行性行为时,健康受到最低程度的伤害。(“安全性行为”方式) 意见2:性教育课程应主要促进学生保持童贞,直到他们找到准备与之生活一辈子的人,结婚后再发