Field evaluation of protective equipment for pesticide operators in a tropical climate

In order to extend the practical advice and information on personal protection when using pesticides in tropical climates, a GIFAP-FAO Working Group carried out a study on protective equipment worn by pesticide workers in hot and humid conditions in Thailand. Items assessed included protective garments worn by workers mixing and loading the organophosphorus insecticide formulation Tamaron and by spraymen applying the diluted formulation for several hours per day to a cotton crop with knapsack sprayers. The mixer-loaders also wore nitrile rubber gloves and a faceshield. The protective garments were made up of two pieces, an upper garment of a double apron design and separate trousers. Garments made up of different materials were assessed for their acceptability to the workers, their comfort and durability and their protectiveness against the insecticide. As a result of the study it is considered that cotton protective garments are appropriate for pesticide workers in these conditions if additional protection is necessary. The nitrile rubber gloves and faceshield were also found to be suitable for mixer-loaders in these circumstances. It is emphasized that the effective use of protective equipment must go hand in hand with safe handling precautions and the adoption of good personal hygiene.     

Human breast cancer in vivo: H-1 and P-31 MR spectroscopy at 1.5 T

To assess the potential of in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy for breast cancer, hydrogen-1 and phosphorus-31 MR spectra of five malignant human breast tumors were compared with those of unaffected breast tissue. The water-to-fat ratio was high in the tumors (average, 2.2) but low in the unaffected tissue (average, 0.3). The P-31 spectrum of normal breast tissue showed low levels of phosphomonoesters (PMEs), inorganic phosphate, phosphodiesters (PDEs), and ATP. In addition, an intense phosphocreatine (PCr) signal was observed in breast tissue of young women: The relative intensities of the PCr and ATP signals had a mean value of 1.9. The tumor spectrum showed elevated levels of PMEs, Pi, and PDEs, while no PCr was seen (PCr/ATP less than 0.2). In two breast cancers treated with radiation therapy, resulting in a decrease of tumor volume of more than 50%, a similar change in the tumor P-31 spectrum was observed: An intense PCr signal developed (PCr/ATP = 1.1). Control experiments indicated that the appearance of PCr after radiation therapy was the result of a radiation-induced metabolic change in the tumor itself.