Plasma Histamine After Methacholine, Allergen, and Aspirin Challenges

Plasma histamine levels were measured by radio-enzymatic technique in seven patients following 10 challenges: five methacholine challenge tests, four antigen inhalation challenge tests, and one oral aspirin challenge test. Baseline plasma histamine was the same in all patients except in the aspirin-challenged patient, who had a higher baseline histamine level. There was no statistical change in the level of histamine throughout the test in either the methacholine-challenged or the antigen-challenged patients, whereas there was a marked increase in histamine levels in the aspirin challenged patient. A possible explanation is that methacholine and antigen are inhaled and therefore have primarily local effects on the lung, whereas oral aspirin has a systemic effect with consequently systemic changes in histamine which are detectable as changes in plasma level.     

脱细胞异体皮肤细胞外基质——医用组织补片在美容外科的应用

目的介绍脱细胞异体皮肤细胞外基质医用组织补片在美容外科中的临床应用经验。方法自2002年3月至2005年10月,应用脱细胞异体皮肤细胞外基质医用组织补片,对患者不同部位进行填充的美容手术,其中头面部填充于皮下浅筋膜层,唇部、颏部、唇裂合并牙槽裂部填充于皮下深筋膜层或肌肉浅层,隆乳术中用于胸大肌减张。结果本组115例患者经1~27个月随访,1例唇裂合并牙槽裂者因补片填充量不足凹陷未完全矫正;1例鼻唇沟填充者其左侧出现血肿、局部出现硬结,于2个月后将左侧假体取出重新填充,但术后6个月仍有不平整,其余患者均获得良好的美容效果。结论脱细胞异体皮肤细胞外基质医用组织补片可以广泛地应用于美容外科的临床填充术。     

High incidence of and risk factors for metachronous bilateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan

AIM: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) can occur multifocally in the whole urothelium. A higher rate of bilateral metachronous upper tract (UT) UC was noted in Taiwan. The incidence and risk factors were largely unknown and hence were explored in the study. METHODS: From January 1977 through June 2003, 462 patients with unilateral UT-UC were studied retrospectively. The cumulative incidence of contralateral recurrence was analysed with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Potential risk factors for contralateral recurrence including age, smoking, bladder cancer, renal function, diagnostic year etc. were evaluated with the log-rank test. Independent risk factors were identified by using the Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 34 months (6-337). Among the 462 patients, 52 (11.3%) developed metachronous contralateral UC. The 2, 5, and 10-year contralateral disease-free survivals were 93.5%, 84.0%, and 75.7%, respectively. The median time to contralateral recurrence was 31.0 months. With the univariate analysis, only poor renal function (serum creatinine < or > OR =2.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (before or after 1990, P < 0.001) were risk factors for contralateral recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, poor renal function (hazard ratio: 2.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.67-5.33; P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (hazard ratio: 4.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.71-10.65; P = 0.002) remained independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of metachronous UT-UC is high in Taiwan. Patients who had either chronic renal insufficiency or a disease diagnosed after 1990 had a higher risk of contralateral recurrence.     

Inhibition of human endothelial cell proliferation in vitro in response to n-butyrate and propionate

The study aimed to investigate the effects of n-butyrate and propionate on the proliferation and viability of human endothelial cells in culture. Proliferation was assessed by a 24-hour bromodeoxyuridine pulse labelling and immunoperoxidase method and viability was assessed by a colorimetric viability (MTT) assay. Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical vein by collagenase digestion. Experiments were performed on 96-well plates and cultures were exposed to different concentrations of n-butyrate and propionate for 2 days. n-butyrate and propionate caused significant reductions in the proliferation of endothelial cells at concentrations of 1.25 mM and 10 mM respectively (p less than 0.05); the reduction in proliferation was dose-dependent for both agents. n-butyrate was a more potent inhibitor of proliferation than propionate. However, there were no significant effects on the viability of the cells with both agents up to the highest concentrations tested (25 mM). The data indicate that n-butyrate and propionate inhibit endothelial cell proliferation which may contribute to the pathogenic effects of dental plaque in periodontal disease.     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素在脑实质生殖细胞肿瘤诊治中的意义

目的研究脑实质生殖细胞肿瘤(GCT)患者脑脊液和血清中人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)水平变化,评价其在肿瘤诊断、疗效监测中的意义。方法对5例脑实质内GCT患者的脑脊液和血清HCG水平在治疗前后进行系列测定。以10例性别年龄匹配的因其他疾病接受腰穿检查的患者作为对照组,测定其脑脊液HCG水平。观察脑脊液和血清HCG水平在治疗前后的变化情况。结果10例对照组患者的脑脊液中均测不到HCG。从5例GCT患者共采集17对脑脊液和血清配对样本。所有5例患者都出现脑脊液和血清HCG水平升高。治疗后脑脊液和血清HCG水平迅速下降。血清和脑脊液HCG水平呈显著相关。每一对样本中,脑脊液HCG水平均高于血清。血清、脑脊液HCG水平比为0.245±0.190。结论脑脊液HCG升高对诊断脑实质内GCT具有高度特异性和较高灵敏度。对分泌HCG的GCT,脑脊液和血清HCG是评价治疗效果和监测肿瘤复发的重要指标。     

异搏定区域动脉灌注在阻止急性胰腺炎重症化治疗中的作用

目的探讨钙拮抗剂异搏定区域动脉灌注在阻止急性胰腺炎重症化治疗中的作用。方法45例轻型急性胰腺炎患者被随机分为3组常规治疗组、静脉治疗组及动脉灌注组。入院后,常规治疗组采取常规保守治疗;静脉治疗组行合理液体治疗,静脉注射异搏定;动脉灌注组液体补充同时采用持续动脉灌注异搏定1~2周。测定治疗后1、4及7d血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)及P-选择素(P-selectin)水平。结果治疗后4、7d,血清TNF-α和P-selectin水平动脉灌注组较静脉治疗组及常规治疗组明显降低(P<0.05);血清IL-1β水平动脉灌注组和静脉治疗组均较常规治疗组明显降低(P<0.05);血清ICAM-1水平动脉灌注组明显低于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。结论持续区域动脉灌注异搏定可能通过减少细胞因子的产生,抑制黏附分子P-selectin和ICAM-1的上调,阻止急性胰腺炎重症化发展。     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞多向分化潜能的研究

目的研究体外大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞等不同组织细胞多向分化的潜能。方法从SD大鼠股骨骨髓中获得间充质干细胞,原代培养后1∶2传代,传至第5代后分为普通传代培养组、神经细胞诱导组、成骨细胞诱导组和脂肪细胞诱导组。倒置相差显微镜下观察各组细胞生长情况、形态变化以及矿化结节和脂肪细胞的形成;流式细胞检测第5代大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞表面抗原CD29、CD44、CD90、CD31、CD34、CD45;免疫组织化学检测普通传代培养组和神经细胞诱导组细胞巢蛋白、微管相关蛋白-2、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶等神经细胞相关蛋白的表达情况。结果大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞呈贴壁生长,细胞扩增至第5代时形态趋于一致,呈梭形。大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞表面抗原CD29(99.83%)、CD44(99.77%)、CD90(99.86%)均呈阳性表达,CD31(0.83%)、CD34(1.78%)、CD45(2.90%)无表达。在体外,普通传代培养细胞仅巢蛋白呈阳性表达;由神经细胞诱导的细胞巢蛋白、微管相关蛋白-2、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶均呈阳性表达,且形态类似神经细胞;由成骨细胞诱导的细胞质内可见矿化结节形成;由脂肪细胞诱导的细胞质内出现多个猩红色呈簇状的脂肪滴。结论大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞易于提取、纯化和扩增,可于体外自发表达神经干细胞标志蛋白,并可通过诱导向神经细胞、成骨细胞及脂肪细胞分化。提示骨髓间充质干细胞不仅具有多向分化潜能,而且可能具有自发向神经干细胞分化的特性。