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101.
Standard lipid profile 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The standard lipid profile has an enormous scientific evidence base and has provided simple clinical lipid-altering goals focused on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol that have been shown to reduce coronary heart disease. Its limitations in estimating LDL cholesterol are well known: increasing inaccuracies in the nonfasting state, in individuals with triglycerides greater than 200 to 400 mg/dL, and as an accurate measure of LDL particle risk in size and concentration. Until studies are done comparing the benefit of targeting LDL particle concentration and size versus ever lower LDL cholesterol concentration, widespread clinical use of continuing revisions of the standard lipid profile goals will continue to remain one of the giant clinical and public health achievements of the last 50 years. 相似文献
102.
Objective: Young people with asthma often lack engagement in self-management. Smartphone apps offer an attractive, immediate method for obtaining asthma information and self-management support. In this research we developed an evidence-based asthma app tailored to young peoples needs, created using a participatory design approach to optimize user engagement. This paper describes the participatory design process. Methods: This multi-phased research included concept generation and ideation of app design by young people with asthma, and development of asthma information by the research team. Clinical review was sought regarding safety and accuracy of app content. Participants suggestions for improvement and any problems with the app were logged throughout. Our young co-designers were invited back to test a high fidelity prototype app using a “think aloud” process and completed a usability questionnaire. Results: Twenty asthma patients aged 15-24 years contributed to the initial app design. Three respiratory specialists and two pharmacists suggested minor corrections to clinical terminology in the app which were all incorporated. Nine co-designers acted as expert reviewers of the prototype app, of whom eight completed a usability questionnaire. Median usability scores (maximum score 6) indicated high satisfaction with app content, usefulness and ease of use [median item score 5.3 (range 4.7-6.0)]. All feedback was incorporated to create an updated prototype app. Conclusions: A clinically sound asthma app has been developed which is considered highly acceptable to the young co-designers. A six-week test of the engagement, acceptability, and usefulness of the app in young people not involved in the participatory design will follow. 相似文献
103.
K Karthik SR Sundararajan J Dheenadhayalan S Rajasekaran 《Indian Journal of Orthopaedics》2011,45(1):33-38
Background:
Intra-articular loose bodies following simple dislocations can lead to early degeneration. Nonconcentric reduction may indicate retained loose bodies and offer a method to identify patients requiring exploration so that this undesirable outcome can be avoided.Materials and Methods:
One hundred and seventeen consecutive simple dislocations of the hip presenting to the hospital from January 2000 to June 2006 were assessed for congruency after reduction by fluoroscopic assessment of passive motion in the operating room as well as with good quality radiographs. Computerized tomography (CT) scan with 2-mm cuts was done for confirmation of reduction and to identify the anatomy of loose bodies. Patients with nonconcentric reduction underwent open exploration to identify the etiology of the dislocation and for removal of loose bodies. Thomson and Epstein clinical and radiological criteria were used to assess the outcome.Results:
Twelve of the one hundred and seventeen (10%) dislocations had incongruent reduction, which was identified by the break in Shenton’s line and increase in medial joint space in seven patients, increase in the superior joint space in three patients, or increase in the joint space as a whole in two patients. CT scan identified the origin of the osteocartilaginous fragment as being from the acetabulum in six patients, the femoral head in four, and from both in one. One patient had an inverted posterior labrum. Following debridement, congruent reduction was achieved in all patients. At an average follow-up of 5 years (range: 2 years 5 months to 8 years), the outcome as evaluated by Thompson and Epstein clinical criteria was excellent in eleven cases and good in one case; the radiological outcome was excellent in eight cases and good in four cases.Conclusions:
Intra-articular loose bodies were identified by nonconcentric reduction in 12 out of 117 patients with simple hip dislocation. Careful evaluation by fluoroscopy and good quality radiographs are indicated following reduction of hip dislocations. 相似文献104.
Lip cancer (140 ICD-9) is a form of oral cancer that has a distinctive global epidemiology. This review summarises global incidence rates for male and female lip cancer with the aid of cancer atlases. High male lip cancer rates are reported for regions of North America (12.7 per 100 000 per annum), Europe (12.0 per 100 000 per annum) and Oceania (13.5 per 100 000 per annum), while it is virtually unknown in parts of Asia. Factors commonly cited as important in the aetiology of lip cancer include solar radiation, tobacco smoking and viruses. An attempt is made to summarise the evidence for factors that may be important in lip carcinogenesis. While incidence rates are generally stable or falling among males worldwide, they are rising in many female populations. The aetiology of the disease is far from established and much information regarding its pathogenesis is based on anecdotal rather than case-controlled epidemiological evidence. The epidemiology of lip cancer supports the proposal that the lip should be considered as a distinct cancer site, rather than being included with other forms of intraoral cancer. 相似文献
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106.
克罗恩病内科治疗的新进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对于活动期克罗恩病(CD)的治疗,日本是以营养疗法为首选;欧美则根据随机对照试验(RCF)的结果以类固醇激素为主,其差异可能与治疗期间,胃肠道营养剂的组成,QOL(生活质量)以及医疗保险制度等不同有关.近年来开发出较以往常用药物(柳氮磺胺吡啶及强的松)副作用少的新制剂.此外,根据疾病的具体情况,可以选择抗CD4抗体;抗TNF-α抗体;外源性给予IL-10;抗粘附分子疗法;白细胞去除疗法;免疫调节疗法;肝素抗凝,EPA等疗法. 相似文献
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