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21.
Fetal hypoxia and structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenic patients, their siblings, and controls. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Tyrone D Cannon Theo G M van Erp Isabelle M Rosso Matti Huttunen Jouko L?nnqvist Tiia Pirkola Oili Salonen Leena Valanne Veli-Pekka Poutanen Carl-Gustav Standertskj?ld-Nordenstam 《Archives of general psychiatry》2002,59(1):35-41
BACKGROUND: Cortical gray matter reductions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increases are robust correlates of schizophrenia, but their relationships to obstetric and other etiologic risk factors remain to be established. METHODS: Structured diagnostic interviews, obstetric hospital records, and magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain were obtained for 64 schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients (representative of all such probands in a Helsinki, Finland, birth cohort), along with 51 of their nonpsychotic full siblings and 54 demographically similar controls without family histories of psychosis. RESULTS: Fetal hypoxia predicted reduced gray matter and increased CSF bilaterally throughout the cortex in patients (gray matter effect sizes, -0.31 to -0.56; CSF effect sizes, 0.25 to 0.47) and siblings (gray matter effect sizes, 0.33 to 0.47; CSF effect sizes, 0.17 to 0.33), most strongly in the temporal lobe. Effect sizes were 2 to 3 times greater among cases born small for their gestational age. Hypoxia also correlated significantly with ventricular enlargement, but only among patients (effect size, 0.31). In contrast, fetal hypoxia was not related to white matter among patients and siblings, nor to any tissue type in any region among controls. The associations were independent of family membership, overall brain volume, age, sex, substance abuse, and prenatal infection. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal hypoxia is associated with greater structural brain abnormalities among schizophrenic patients and their nonschizophrenic siblings than among controls at low genetic risk for schizophrenia. This pattern of results points to a gene-environment interaction account of the disorder's neurodevelopmental pathogenesis. 相似文献
22.
M. Lonjon P. Paquis J. F. Michiels J. Griffet P. Grellier 《Child's nervous system》1998,14(3):100-103
The majority of endodermal cysts occur in the cervicothoracic spine, ventral to the cord. Intracranial locations are rare.
We report a case involving the foramen magnum in a 14-year-old child, which was an incidental finding following a traumatic
head injury. A review of the literature revealed six other cases involving this same location. These lesions are asymptomatic
for a long time, and may cause brain stem medullary compression. Treatment is surgical. Effective simple removal can be achieved
by a posterior approach.
Received: 11 September 1997 相似文献
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Ainla T Marandi T Teesalu R Baburin A Elmet M Liiver A Peeba M Voitk J 《Scandinavian journal of public health》2006,34(3):327-331
AIM: To compare validity of AMI diagnosis and treatment of AMI patients between tertiary and secondary care hospitals in Estonia. METHODS: Two tertiary and seven secondary care hospitals responsible for the treatment of most AMI patients in Estonia were included in the analysis. A random sample of 520 patients admitted to these hospitals with AMI in 2001 was taken from the Estonian Health Insurance Fund database. Medical records were reviewed by trained experts using a standardized data collection form. RESULTS: Forty cases were excluded due to selection errors by the Health Insurance Fund. Of the remaining cases, a diagnosis of AMI was confirmed in 93.3% of cases in tertiary care hospitals and in 83.5% of cases in secondary care hospitals (p < 0.001). A total of 210 cases from tertiary and 213 cases from secondary care hospitals with confirmed AMI diagnoses were included in subsequent analysis. Utilization of beta-blockers, aspirin, and reperfusion therapy was similar in both types of hospitals. In tertiary care hospitals, ACE inhibitors and statins were more frequently used during hospital stay and recommended at discharge compared with secondary care hospitals. In-hospital mortality was similar in both types of hospitals both before and after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Tertiary care physicians adhered more strictly to the current definition and guidelines for the management of AMI than did secondary care physicians. However, there is still a need for further improvement in both hospital settings according to international guidelines. 相似文献
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Tiia Kangas‐Kontio Jari M. Tapanainen Heikki Huikuri Eeva‐Riitta Savolainen Markku Päivänsalo Heikki Kauma 《Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation》2013,73(3):335-343
Background. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor, but its role in atherogenesis is still unclear. Our goal was to study whether three variants of the VEGF gene, previously associated with VEGF production, are linked to atherosclerosis defined as carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) and as the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Material and methods. Three VEGF gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (?2578A>C rs699947, ?634C>G rs2010963 and +936C>T rs3025039) were genotyped in 516 control subjects of the OPERA (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis) cohort and in 251 survivors of AMI. In the OPERA cohort, the genotyped SNPs were analysed for their association with IMT. The SNPs were also analysed for their association with the risk of AMI, a complication of advanced atherosclerosis. In addition, haplotype frequencies and their associated effects on IMT and on the risk of AMI were estimated. Results. None of the single genotyped polymorphisms was significantly associated with overall IMT or with the risk of AMI. However, the haplotype CCC was associated with higher overall IMT without plaques in women (p = 0.01, haplotypic effect +0.03?mm), the haplotype CCT with higher IMT without plaques in the internal carotid artery in men (p = 0.001, +0.11), while the haplotype AGT was associated with reduced AMI risk (p = 0.015, OR = 0.46). Conclusions. Variation in the VEGF gene is weakly associated with IMT and the risk of AMI, but the effect can only be observed when the information of the SNPs is combined by constructing haplotypes. 相似文献
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L. Cao D. Ou K.-W. Shen G. Cai R. Cai F. Xu S.-G. Zhao C. Xu N. Grellier Adedjouma Y.M. Kirova J.-Y. Chen 《Cancer radiothérapie》2018,22(1):38-44
Purpose
The role of postmastectomy radiotherapy following primary systemic treatment in patients with clinical T1-2N1 breast cancer remains a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefit of postmastectomy radiotherapy following primary systemic treatment.Patients and methods
Between 2005 and 2012, in two independent institutions, female patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer receiving primary systemic treatment followed by mastectomy and lymph node dissection because bad response, then treated with or without chest wall and regional lymph node irradiation have been studied retrospectively. The patients received normofractionated radiotherapy using 3D conformal photons or electron techniques. Locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival and disease-free survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis of potential prognostic factors was performed using log-rank test.Results
Eighty-eight patients have been studied. Of them, 75 patients received postmastectomy radiotherapy. At surgery, 53 patients achieved ypN0. Median follow-up was 67 months. Postmastectomy radiotherapy significantly improved locoregional recurrence-free survival, with a 5-year rate of 96.9% versus 78.6% in the group that did not have postmastectomy radiotherapy. In the subgroup of 53 patients achieving ypN0, postmastectomy radiotherapy improved locoregional recurrence-free survival (a 5-year rate of 94.7% vs. 72.9%), distant metastasis-free survival (a 5-year rate of 92.8% vs. 75%) and disease-free survival (a 5-year rate of 92.9% vs. 62.5%). By univariate analysis, postmastectomy radiotherapy was the only significant prognostic factor affecting locoregional recurrence-free survival.Conclusions
For patients with clinical T1-2N1 disease, postmastectomy radiotherapy could significantly improve locoregional recurrence-free survival after primary systemic treatment and be even more therapeutic in the subgroup of patients with good response for primary systemic treatment by improving locoregional recurrence-free, distant metastasis-free and disease-free survival. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings. 相似文献30.
Anna Rosenberg Tiia Ngandu Minna Rusanen Riitta Antikainen Lars Bäckman Satu Havulinna Tuomo Hänninen Tiina Laatikainen Jenni Lehtisalo Esko Levälahti Jaana Lindström Teemu Paajanen Markku Peltonen Hilkka Soininen Anna Stigsdotter-Neely Timo Strandberg Jaakko Tuomilehto Alina Solomon Miia Kivipelto 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(3):263-270