地佐辛预注射对全身麻醉诱导时丙泊酚用量及血流动力学的影响

目的：观察不同剂量地佐辛预注射对全身麻醉诱导时丙泊酚的用量和血流动力学的影响。方法80例拟行全身麻醉气管插管的择期手术患者,美国麻醉师协会Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,完全随机分成4组各20例,在麻醉诱导前10 min分别给予不同用药。Ⅰ组给予0．9％氯化钠注射液5 ml;Ⅱ组给予地佐辛0．05 mg/kg;Ⅲ组给予地佐辛0．1 mg/kg ;Ⅳ组给予地佐辛0．2 mg/kg（用药量均用0．9％氯化钠注射液稀释到5 ml）。记录4组丙泊酚诱导总量,基础值、气管插管前即刻、气管插管后1、3、5 min脑电双频指数（BIS）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心率的变化。结果4组患者MAP 和心率比较,Ⅰ组[ MAP：插管前（73±9）mmHg（1mmHg＝0．133 kPa）,插管后1 min（94±12）mmHg,3 min（84±8） mmHg;心率：插管前（70±10）次/min,插管后1 min（90±8）次/min,3 min（83±9）次/min],Ⅱ组[MAP：插管前（74±10） mmHg,插管后1 min（91±10）mmHg,3 min（83±10）mmHg;心率：插管前（70±8）次/min,插管后1 min（91±8）次/min,3 min（82±7）次/min]在插管前后变化较明显（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组[MAP：插管前（77±8）mmHg,插管后1 min （84±6）mmHg;心率：插管前（75±11）次/min,插管后1 min（83±9）次/min]仅在插管后1 min时略有升高（P＜0．05）,Ⅳ组在插管前后变化不明显（P＞0．05）。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组相应时间点与Ⅰ组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。4组患者BIS比较：Ⅰ组（插管前：48．4±1．3,插管后1 min：）、Ⅱ组（插管前：48．9±1．6,插管后1 min：51．4±2．4）BIS值在插管后1 min明显高于插管前即刻,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组在插管前和插管后1 min变化不明显,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组丙泊酚用量明显少于Ⅰ组,差异有统计学意义[（111．6±11．2）mg、（92．2±10．2）mg比（138±10）mg,P＜0．     

Comparison on Tensile Characteristics of Plain C–Mn Steel with Ultrafine Grained Ferrite/Cementite Microstructure and Coarse Grained Ferrite/Pearlite Microstructure

This work investigated the tensile characteristics of plain C–Mn steel with an ultrafine grained ferrite/cementite (UGF/C) microstructure and coarse-grained ferrite/pearlite (CGF/P) microstructure. The tensile tests were performed at temperatures between 77 K and 323 K. The lower yield and the ultimate tensile strengths were significantly increased when the microstructure was changed from the CGF/P to the UGF/C microstructures, but the total elongation and the uniform elongation decreased. A microstructural change from the CGF/P microstructure to the UGF/C microstructure had an influence on the athermal component of the lower yield and the ultimate tensile strengths but not on the thermal component. The UGF/C microstructure with a higher carbon content provided a higher strength without losing ductility because cementite particles restrained necking.     

GABAA-Receptor Agonists Limit Pneumonitis and Death in Murine Coronavirus-Infected Mice

There is an urgent need for new approaches to limit the severity of coronavirus infections. Many cells of the immune system express receptors for the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and GABA-receptor (GABA-R) agonists have anti-inflammatory effects. Lung epithelial cells also express GABA-Rs, and GABA-R modulators have been shown to limit acute lung injuries. There is currently, however, no information on whether GABA-R agonists might impact the course of a viral infection. Here, we assessed whether clinically applicable GABA-R agonists could be repurposed for the treatment of a lethal coronavirus (murine hepatitis virus 1, MHV-1) infection in mice. We found that oral GABA administration before, or after the appearance of symptoms, very effectively limited MHV-1-induced pneumonitis, severe illness, and death. GABA treatment also reduced viral load in the lungs, suggesting that GABA-Rs may provide a new druggable target to limit coronavirus replication. Treatment with the GABA_A-R-specific agonist homotaurine, but not the GABA_B-R-specific agonist baclofen, significantly reduced the severity of pneumonitis and death rates in MHV-1-infected mice, indicating that the therapeutic effects were mediated primarily through GABA_A-Rs. Since GABA and homotaurine are safe for human consumption, they are promising candidates to help treat coronavirus infections.     

Identification and validation of an autophagy-related long non-coding RNA signature as a prognostic biomarker for patients with lung adenocarcinoma

BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most predominant pathological subtype of lung cancer, accounting for 40–70% of all lung cancer cases. Although significant improvements have been made in the screening, diagnosis, and precise management in recent years, the prognosis of LUAD remains bleak. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and construct an autophagy-related lncRNA prognostic model in LUAD.MethodsThe gene expression data of LUAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. All autophagy-related genes were downloaded from the Human Autophagy Database (HADb). Spearman’s correlation test was exploited to identify potential autophagy-related lncRNAs. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the prognostic signature, which divided LUAD patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Subsequently, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess the predictive ability of this prognostic model for overall survival (OS) in these individuals. Then, the Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to execute pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, a multidimensional validation was exploited to verify our findings.ResultsA total of 1,144 autophagy-related lncRNAs were identified to construct the co-expression network via Spearman’s correlation test (|R²| >0.4 and P≤0.001). Ultimately, a 16 autophagy-related lncRNAs prognostic model was constructed, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.775. The results of GSEA enrichment analysis showed that the genes in the high-risk group were mainly enriched in cell cycle and p53 signaling pathways. The results of the multidimensional database validation indicated that the expression level of BIRC5 was significantly correlated with the expression level of TMPO-AS1. Furthermore, both TMPO-AS1 and BIRC5 had a higher expression level in LUAD samples. LUAD patients with high expression levels of TMPO-AS1 and BIRC5 were correlated with advanced disease stage and poor OS.ConclusionsIn summary, our results suggested that the prognostic signature of the 16 autophagy-related lncRNAs has significant prognostic value for LUAD patients. Furthermore, TMPO-AS1 and BIRC5 are potential predictors and therapeutic targets in these individuals.     

A nomogram for predicting brain metastases of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients and estimating the efficacy of therapeutic strategies

BackgroundTo establish a nomogram for predicting the outcome of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients with brain metastases (BMs) and to estimate the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies.MethodsThe data of 129 cases with BM from the period between January 1st 2011 and December 31st 2014 were collected, and all of the cases were pathologically confirmed to be lung adenocarcinoma, stages I–IV and with 19 and/or 21 exon mutations of EGFR. Cox regression analysis and log-rank test were used for data analysis. The nomogram was used to establish the progression models.ResultsIn the univariate analysis, the stage, ECOG score, interval between the diagnosis of lung cancer and BM, the number of brain metastatic lesions, and the diameter of the maximal brain metastatic lesion correlated well with overall survival (OS). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, the ECOG score, interval between the diagnosis of lung cancer and BM, and the number of brain metastatic lesions correlated well with the OS. Patients were divided into the poor prognostic group and the good prognostic group based on the nomogram prognostic model score. Subgroup analysis showed that in the poor prognostic group, the OS of patients who received radiotherapy was better than that of the patients who did not receive radiotherapy as the first-line treatment (30 vs. 19 months, P<0.05). The OS was 30 months in the TKI subgroup and 21 months in the no TKI subgroup, but no statistical difference was found (P>0.05). Patients in the good prognostic group who received radiotherapy had a better 3-y OS rate than the patients who received no radiotherapy as the first-line treatment (91.2% vs. 58.1%, P<0.05). The 3-y OS rate was 87.6% in the TKI subgroup and 67.8% in the no TKI group (P<0.05).ConclusionsWe established an effective nomogram model to predict the progression of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients with BM and the therapeutic effect of the individual treatments. Radiotherapy was beneficial for the patients of both the poor and good prognostic groups, but TKI may be better suited for treating the patients with good prognosis.     

Computational study on palladium-catalyzed alkenylation of remote δ-C(sp3)–H bonds with alkynes: a new understanding of mechanistic insight and origins of site-selectivity

Palladium-catalyzed alkenylation of δ-C(sp³)–H bonds with alkynes was conducted by density functional theory calculations. The present study shows that the dimeric Pd₂(OAc)₄ mechanism reproduces experimental observations well, including regioselectivity and provides a deep mechanistic insight complementing the monomeric Pd(OAc)₂ mechanism recently reported by Chen''s group. In addition, the economical heterodimeric Ni–Pd(OAc)₄ was predicted to be a potential species for such alkenylation of δ-C(sp³)–H bonds.

Palladium-catalyzed alkenylation of δ-C(sp³)–H bonds with alkynes was conducted by DFT calculations, showing that the dimeric Pd₂(OAc)₄ mechanism reproduces experimental observations well.     

A novel surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a functionalized graphene oxide/molecular-imprinted polymer composite for chiral recognition of l-tryptophan

Herein, a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a functionalized graphene oxide (GO)/molecular-imprinted polymer composite was developed for the chiral recognition of l-tryptophan (l-Trp). The composite''s recognition element was prepared via a facile and green synthesis approach using polydopamine as both a reducer of GO and a functional monomer as well as a cross-linker for molecular imprinting. The composite was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. After attaching the composite onto the gold surface of an SPR chip, the sensor was characterized using contact-angle measurements. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and chiral recognition for the template (i.e., l-Trp). Density functional theory computations showed that the difference in hydrogen bonding between the composite element and l-Trp and d-Trp played an important role in chiral recognition.

Novel SPR sensor for chiral recognition of l-tryptophan using a functionalized graphene oxide/molecularly-imprinted polymer composite as a recognition element.     

A simple fluorescent assay for cyromazine detection in raw milk by using CYR-stabilized G-quadruplex formation

A rapid biosensor for the detection of cyromazine in milk is reported based on a fluorescence quenching result. When an FAM labelled G-rich ssDNA Tcy2 is treated with cyromazine, it can form a G-quadruplex-CYR complex and cause a change in fluorescence. As a result, the presence of cyromazine can be determined by fluorescence quenching. This sensor is selective for the detection of cyromazine in raw milk and has a limit of detection of 0.68 ppb and a detection range from 0 to 200 ppb.

A rapid biosensor for the detection of cyromazine in milk is reported based on a fluorescence quenching result.     

Robotic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: technique and results from a single institution

Techniques in Coloproctology - Total mesorectal excision (TME) has greatly reduced the local recurrence rate of rectal cancer after colorectal surgery. Transanal TME (TaTME) is potentially a...     

The role of obstructive sleep apnea on the prognosis of pulmonary embolism: a systemic review and meta-analysis

Sleep and Breathing - The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported by some studies but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to...