Changing prevalence and knowledge of urinary incontinence among Hong Kong Chinese women

A territory-wide telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong to assess the prevalence, knowledge, and treatment-seeking behaviour of Chinese women with urinary incontinence, using validated Chinese version of Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Women, 540, aged between 17 to 77 years were interviewed. Of the respondents, 40.8% reported stress urinary incontinence, 20.4% had urge incontinence and 15.9% had mixed incontinence. Among these, 16.0% reported quality of life impairment; 9.3% felt frustrated with low morale, and 15.2% had nervous and anxiety problems. However, as many as 78.3% of the respondents did not know that stress urinary incontinence is a disease entity, and 60.6% thought that leakage of urine was a normal aging process. For those respondents having stress urinary incontinence, the first treatment of choice was physiotherapy. The second choice was medication, and surgical treatment was the last option. Respondents with stress urinary incontinence showed higher education level.     

武汉市健康儿童麻疹抗体水平调查

为了解武汉市13岁以下儿童麻疹免疫水平，发现易感人群，加强重点人群的麻疹防制工作，笔者于2003年7月至11月对武汉市儿童麻疹抗体水平进行了监测，现将监测结果报告如下。     

Patterns of eye care use and expenditures among children with diagnosed eye conditions.

PURPOSE: Little is known about use and expenditure patterns of children's eye-care services and about possible disparities in care among children. This report describes the use and expenditure patterns of eye care and non-eye care services for children under 18 years old in the United States. METHODS: Levels of use and expenditure were estimated using self-reported information from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (1996-2001) for 48,304 subjects under 18 years old from randomly selected households in the United States. Means presented for children with and without diagnosed eye conditions were adjusted for child and family characteristics using generalized linear models. RESULTS: Children with diagnosed eye conditions had higher levels of use and expenditure than children without diagnosed conditions. Families of children with diagnosed eye conditions incurred higher out-of-pocket expenditures. Black children and children living below 400% of the federal poverty level had lower levels of use and expenditure, indicating that they received fewer and less intensive services. CONCLUSIONS: Children with diagnosed eye conditions experienced higher overall use of health care. Some groups of children appear to be underserved. Estimates of use and expenditure patterns, stratified by socioeconomic factors, will be needed to plan for future delivery of children's eye and vision care services and to assess progress toward Healthy People 2010 goals.     

出国务工妇女细菌性阴道病调查结果分析

目的:了解细菌性阴道病在延边地区出国务工妇女中的流行情况。方法:用改良多胺法对延边地区586名出国务工妇女进行细菌性阴道病(BV)检测,同时用常规方法进行滴虫、霉菌检查。结果:586份阴道分泌物标本中,检出BV(+)275例,总阳性率为46.9%,其中单纯BV(+)242例(41.3%)、BV合并滴虫(+)8例(1.3%)、BV合并霉菌(+)25例(4.3%);按年龄分组,33～35岁组BV阳性率最高,为60.3%,≤20岁组最低,为20.0%。结论:延边地区出国务工妇女细菌性阴道病患病率较高,居该人群各种阴道感染的首位,无民族差异(χ2=0.22,P>0.05),但年龄差异显著(χ2=28.72,P<0.05)。因此,建议在出国体检中常规开展BV检查,以便及时发现和治疗,控制疾病传播范围。     

Intrathecal landiolol inhibits nociception and spinal c-Fos expression in the mouse formalin test

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if intrathecal landiolol, a beta1-blocker, can modulate formalin-induced nociception and spinal c-Fos expression in mice, in the absence of anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty-two mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the control group (n = 8) received intrathecal normal saline 10 microL, while the other three groups (n = 8 for each) received intrathecal landiolol at escalating doses of 250 microg.kg(-1), 500 microg.kg(-1) and 750 microg.kg(-1) respectively, immediately after induction of anesthesia with isoflurane. After awakening, inflammatory pain was induced by 10 microL of 5% formalin solution injected into the dorsal surface of the right hind paw. The nociceptive behaviours including licking, biting and lifting of the injected paw were cumulatively recorded as seconds of behaviours/min during phase I (0-10 min) and phase II (10-45 min). The c-Fos protein expressions in the spinal dorsal horn were detected with immunohistochemical techniques in the control and landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) groups. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, intrathecal injection of landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) significantly decreased pain-related behaviours in phase I, while intrathecal landiolol 250 microg.kg(-1), 500 microg.kg(-1) and 750 microg.kg(-1) significantly decreased pain-related behaviours in phase II during the formalin test. The numbers of c-Fos immunoreactive nuclei in the L5 spinal dorsal horn were significantly lower in the landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) group compared to the control group (landiolol 750 microg.kg(-1) 2.4 +/- 1.1 vs control 9.2 +/- 3.9; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that intrathecally administered landiolol produces significant antinociceptive effects in the formalin test. Although further studies exploring the detailed mechanism are needed, these data suggest a potential role of beta1-adrenoreceptors in spinal nociceptive processing.     

雷帕霉素对炎性反应状态下肾小球系膜细胞内脂质稳态的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rapamycin on cholesterol homeostasis of glomerular mesangial cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Glomerular mesangial cell line (HMCL) cells were cultured and divided into control group, IL-1β group and different concentration rapamycin groups. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation was observed and measured by oil O staining and HPLC. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LDLR, PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 in HMCL after the treatment with IL-1β and rapamycin. Results Rapamycin had no significant influence on intracellular cholesterol concentration under normal condition. IL-1β significantly increased the intracellular cholesterol concentration by 143％ of control (P<0.05), and 10, 50, 100 ?滋g/L rapamycin could significantly inhibit the effect of IL-1β (87％, 116％, 96％ of control respectively, all P<0.05). Rapamycin could suppress the increased expression of LDLR caused by IL-1β on both mRNA and protein level in a dose-dependent manner（P<0.01）. Rapamycin dose-dependently up-regulated the reduced mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1, the decreased mRNA expression of PPARγ and LXRα induced by IL-1β as well (P<0.01）. Conclusion Rapamycin may contribute to the maintenance of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis in glomerular mesangial cells under inflammatory state by both reducing cholesterol uptake and promoting cholesterol efflux.     

Wnt2信号通路重要成员在胶质瘤中的表达及其意义

近来发现Wnt信号通路对个体发育和肿瘤生成具有重要作用[1-2].为进一步探讨Wnt通路在胶质瘤中是否存在表达异常及其在胶质瘤生成中的作用,我们采用RT-PcR、组织芯片免疫组织化学染色以及蛋白印迹法,对人脑胶质瘤Wnt2通路相关因子的表达变化及其意义进行了分析.     

多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全38例临床和预后分析

目的研究多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全的临床特点及肾功能可逆性的相关因素和生存相关因素。方法回顾性分析1999-01~2003-12北京协和医院收治的91例初治多发性骨髓瘤及其中38例多发性骨髓瘤合并肾功能不全患者的临床资料。结果91例初治多发性骨髓瘤中有38例(41·8%)合并肾功能不全。合并肾功能不全的患者病程进展更快,贫血更严重,血乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)质量浓度更高,以及尿蛋白量更多,同时对化疗的反应更差及生存时间更短。其中34·2%的患者肾功能不全是可逆的,血肌酐和LDH是肾功能可逆的独立预测因素。肾功能可逆患者的生存时间与肾功能正常患者的生存时间比较差异无显著性意义。Cox生存多因素分析发现肾功能可逆性(B=1·294,EXP(B)=3·647,P=0·001)是与生存惟一相关的因素。结论肾功能不全是多发性骨髓瘤常见并发症,相当一部分患者的肾功能可以恢复正常,血肌酐水平和LDH水平是肾功能可逆的重要因素,肾功能可逆性是独立的生存预后因素。     

Synthetic/secreting and apoptotic phenotypes in renal biopsy tissues from hypertensive nephrosclerosis patients.

The major glomerular abnormalities in hypertensive nephrosclerosis are described as glomerular obsolescence (GO), glomerulosclerosis (GS), and glomerular collapse (GC). However, glomerular cellular changes caused by hypertensive insults have not been well analyzed. Using an immunoenzyme method, we examined eleven biopsy samples from patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis for two synthetic and secreting phenotypes, a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and collagen type III (Col. III), and two apoptotic phenotypes, pro-apoptotic molecule Bax and anti-apoptotic molecule BcI-2. Together with the glomerular and vascular changes and interstitial fibrosis (IF) area, the results were scored quantitatively and semi-quantitatively and compared to the clinical findings, which included systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum creatinine levels (sCr) and creatinine clearance (Ccr), using univariate and multivariate analyses. As a result, GS was frequently observed in the mild-to-moderate hypertensive group (140 < or = SBP<180 mmHg), whereas GC was positively correlated with SBP. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation of GS with mesangial alpha-SMA and Col. III, suggesting that GS was the reflection of these synthetic and secreting phenotypic changes in mesangial cells. Endothelial Bax was positively correlated with Ccr (p<0.01); in contrast, podocytic Bax was positively correlated with sCr (p<0.05) and showed a tendency to correlate with MAP (p=0.054). In conclusion, these findings support the view that mesangial synthetic and secreting phenotypic changes may be a reflection of cellular activation caused by mild-to-moderate hypertension and that apoptotic phenotypic expression in podocytes, rather than endothelial cells, may be related to the development of a severe form of hypertensive nephrosclerosis.     

兔颈椎终板胶原结构变化对运动节段力学性能的影响

目的 通过测定兔退变颈椎运动节段力学参数的改变,观测其软骨终板胶原的超微结构变化,为退变的椎间盘显现异常力学特性作材料结构上的探讨。方法 将24只家兔随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组家兔保持45°低屈曲位5 h/d,取C5,6、C6,7进行生物力学测定,同时电镜观察终板胶原组织结构改变,总结分析终板材料的结构变化对运动节段力学性能的影响。结果 模型组终板抗扭强度、抗压强度、断裂时的最大形变都低于对照组,胶原排列从有序、致密、规整到紊乱、松散、溶解,并随造模进程的深入而加剧。结论 长时间的应力不均状态,造成椎间盘终板材料力学特性改变;终板胶原结构改变是颈椎间盘生物力学性能减退的原因之一。