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Thirty-five patients with 67 measureable cutaneous or lymph node metastases from malignant melanoma were treated with radiation therapy in a variety of total doses and dose fractions. There was no correlation between total dose and response rate. However, there was a strong correlation between fraction size and response rate. There were four (9%) complete responses in 43 lesions treated with fractions less than or equal to 500 rad (5 Gy) compared with 12 (50%) complete responses in 24 lesions treated with fractions greater than 500 rad (5 Gy) (P = .0006). Initial response rate was found to correlate strongly with local control at 1 year. The results were then analyzed with respect to lesion size, cutaneous versus nodal lesions, and site of cutaneous lesion (trunk, head and neck, or extremity). Correlation between fraction size and response rate was independent of lesion size, although there were fewer complete responses with increasing lesion size. Correlation was not seen in nodal lesions but was particularly striking in cutaneous lesions. This correlation was statistically significant only for cutaneous lesions of the extremities. 相似文献
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Anne MV Brooks MD PhD FRACO FRACS FRACP WE Gillies FRACO FRACS FRCS 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1992,20(3):235-238
The effect of cataract surgery in patients with glaucoma controlled by either topical medication or surgery was assessed in 64 patients. At one year there was a small significant fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) for eyes without previous surgery (preoperative IOP 18.9 ±4.7, range 12 to 35 mmHg; postoperative IOP 16.3 ±3.4, range 10 to 26 mmHg; P<0.01) and also for those with previous surgery (preoperative IOP 15.0 ±4.3, range 3 to 22 mmHg; postoperative IOP 14.2 ±3.7, range 6 to 22 mmHg, P<0.05). There was a significantly greater incidence of high rise in IOP to 30 mmHg or more immediately after operation in patients without (32%) than those with previous surgery (13%) ( x 2 = 3.9; P<0.05). Complications were minimal in each group. lridotomy to deliver the nucleus was necessary in nine eyes without and 21 with previous surgery. Cataract extraction usually causes only a small fall in IOP in glaucomatous patients. If a separate corneal section is used there is no loss of function of the filtering bleb in patients with previous glaucoma surgery. 相似文献
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Harmon RC Terneus MV Kiningham KK Valentovic M 《Toxicology and applied pharmacology》2005,209(1):86-94
p-Aminophenol (PAP), a metabolite of acetaminophen, is nephrotoxic. This study investigated PAP-mediated changes as a function of time that occur prior to loss of membrane integrity. Experiments further evaluated the development of oxidative stress by PAP. Renal slices from male Fischer 344 (F344) rats (N = 4-6) were exposed to 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM PAP for 15-120 min under oxygen and constant shaking at 37 degrees C. Pyruvate-stimulated gluconeogenesis, adenine nucleotide levels, and total glutathione (GSH) levels were diminished in a concentration- and time-dependent manner prior to detection of a rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels were increased by PAP suggesting the induction of oxidative stress. Western blot analysis confirmed a rise in 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-adducted proteins in tissues exposed to 0.1 and 0.25 mM PAP for 90 min. The appearance of 4-HNE-adducted proteins at the 0.1 mM concentration of PAP occurred prior to development of increased LDH leakage. Pretreatment with 1 mM glutathione (GSH) for 30 min only partially reduced PAP toxicity as LDH values were less severely depleted relative to tissues not pretreated with GSH. In contrast, pretreatment for 15 min with 2 mM ascorbic acid completely protected against PAP toxicity. Further studies showed that ascorbic acid pretreatment prevented PAP-mediated depletion of GSH. In summary, PAP rapidly depletes GSH and adenine nucleotides and inhibits gluconeogenesis prior to a rise in LDH leakage. PAP induces oxidative stress as indicated by an increase in GSSG and 4-HNE-adducted proteins. Ascorbic acid pretreatment prevents PAP toxicity by maintaining GSH status. 相似文献