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21.
Recruitment and screening policies and procedures used to establish a paid donor oocyte registry 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
We have reviewed the demographic characteristics of, and report
abnormalities noted in, the de-novo growth and development of a paid oocyte
donation programme. The personal profiles of all prospective oocyte donors
were reviewed. Acceptance or rejection of candidates was based upon
screening the results of medical, genetic and psychological testing. A
total of 603 candidates initially responded to our advertisement. From this
pool, 313 individuals were considered suitable and contacted by telephone.
Following further conversation, 176 women were scheduled an entry
interview. On completion of the formal screening process, 17.6% (n = 31) of
those actually interviewed were denied entry. Thus, from the initial
interested parties, only 23% of women wishing to participate in oocyte
donation were considered suitable candidates. Given the high attrition
rate, we concluded that the need for rigorous and thorough medical,
psychological and genetic testing is mandatory for the establishment of a
donor registry. Furthermore, professional counselling of prospective donors
with respect to the results of tests and the implications of test results
with respect to their future medical and reproductive health, are important
parts of providing comprehensive care.
相似文献
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WE Gillies FRACO FRACS FRCS Anne MV Brooks MD PhD FRACO FRACS FRACP 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1992,20(3):239-242
A method of combined cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens and trabeculectomy using separate incisions was tested in 44 operations on 38 patients. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) of 28.1 ± 11.7 (range 12 to 56) mmHg on maximum medication was lowered to 13.9 ± 3.4 (9 to 23) mmHg at one year, with half the eyes still requiring topical medication. The IOP was 40 mmHg or more preoperatively in eight eyes and 20 mmHg or more in only two patients at one year. There were no rises in IOP above 20 mmHg in the early postoperative period (days 1 and 2). Visual acuity was 6/9 or better in 27 and 6/12 in three eyes. There was an expulsive haemorrhage in one case, rupture of the posterior capsule in two eyes and a choroidal detachment in one eye, but no flat anterior chambers. The two-incision method allowed placement of an intraocular lens with good postoperative pressure control. 相似文献
25.
MV Pravin Charles Joshy M Easow Noyal M Joseph M Ravishankar Shailesh Kumar Umadevi Sivaraman 《The Australasian medical journal》2013,6(9):430-434
Background
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common type of nosocomial pneumonia encountered in intensive care units. There are several aetiological agents which make treatment challenging. Improper antibiotic treatment of ventilated patients may lead to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.Method
A prospective study was performed over a period of 20 months. Our study had two arms: the first, ‘Incidence and risk factors of VAP in a tertiary care hospital’ was the subject of an earlier publication; we therefore present the second investigative arm in this work. The aetiological agents of patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) were identified by standard bacteriological method. The susceptibility pattern was evaluated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) testing was performed by combination disc method, and metallo-beta lactamase (MBL) testing was performed by EDTA disk synergy test (EDS).Results
Late-onset VAP was associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, while early-onset VAP was commonly caused by members of Enterobacteriaceae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. 72.2 per cent of VAP patients had monomicrobial and 27.8 per cent had polymicrobial infection. Out of the 24 isolates obtained from patients with VAP, seven (29.2 per cent) were MDR pathogens. ESBL and MBL production was detected in 40 per cent and 20 per cent of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in our study. Around 50 per cent of isolates associated with late-onset VAP were MDR, while 22.2 per cent isolates obtained from patients with earlyonset VAP were MDR.Conclusion
VAP is a nosocomial pneumonia that is common among ventilated patients. The aetiological agents vary from common organisms to MDR pathogens that are difficult to treat. A proper knowledge of MDR pathogens and early isolation followed by prevention of prolonged antibiotic therapy can reduce the mortality of late onset VAP. 相似文献26.
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28.
Hon YY; Fessing MY; Pui CH; Relling MV; Krynetski EY; Evans WE 《Human molecular genetics》1999,8(2):371-376
The molecular basis for the genetic polymorphism of thiopurine S -
methyltransferase (TPMT) has been estab-lished for Caucasians, but it
remains to be elucidated in African populations. In the current study, we
determined TPMT genotypes in a population of 248 African-Americans and
compared it with allele frequencies in 282 Caucasian Americans. TPMT
genotype was determined in all individuals with TPMT activity indicative of
a heterozygous genotype (</=10.1 U/ml pRBC, n = 23African- Americans, n
= 21 Caucasians) and a control group with TPMT activity indicative of a
homozygous wild-type genotype (>10.2 U/ml pRBC, n = 23
African-Americans, n = 21 Caucasians). No mutant alleles were found in the
high activity control groups. The overall mutant allele frequencies were
similar in African-Americans and Caucasians (4.6 and 3.7% of alleles,
respectively). However, while TPMT*3C was the most prevalent mutant allele
in African-Americans (52.2% of mutant alleles), it represented only 4.8% of
mutant alleles in Caucasians ( P < 0.001). In contrast, TPMT*3A and
TPMT*2 were less common in African-Americans (17.4 and 8.7% of mutant
alleles), whereas TPMT*3A was the most prevalent mutant allele in
Caucasians (85.7% of mutant alleles). A novel allele ( TPMT*8 ), containing
a single nucleotide transition (G644A), leading to an amino acid change at
codon 215 (Arg-->His), was found in one African-American with
intermediate activity. These data indicate that the same TPMT mutant
alleles are found in American black and white populations, but that the
predominant mutant alleles differ in these two ethnic groups.
相似文献
29.
MH Sun G Mechtersheimer P Moellera CH Herfarth MV Knebel Doeberitz HK Scharkert T Lehnert J Gebert 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2000,6(3)
AIM To study the clonality of the esophageal carcinosarcoma by using molecular approaches.METHODS Two esophageal carcinosarcomas were included in the study. Tumor area from dysplasticlesion, squamout cell carcinoma, basaloid cell carcinoma and spindle cell elements were microdissectedseparately. Each element was analyzed with 14 microsatellite markers and direct sequenced for p53 gene andras gene mutation.RESULTS Both tumors displayed a typical histologic feature of carcinosarcoma. Both cases showed thedivergent differentiation by immunohistochemistry study. In case 1 the identical LOH at p53 and hMLH1 lociwas detected. The heterogenous LOH was detected only in carcinosarcoma at RB1 and BRCA1 loci, whilethe LOH at ACTC locus was seen only in sarcoma. The same mutation of the splice site of exon 6-intron 6displayed in the two tumor elements. In case 2, a coordinate LOH at RB locus was demonstrated in threetypes of tumor elements: sqamous carcinoma, basaloid carcinoma and spindle cell element. A heterogenousLOH was seen only in spindle cells at TAP1 locus. No mutation in exon 5-8 of p53 gene has been found incase 2. No mutation of K-ras gene was found.CONCLUSION Although the different differentiation, the two elements of esophageal carcinosarcoma mayhave a single clonality. The p53 gene mutation occurred before the two differentiation directions switched.The distinct molecular genotype can be determined through molecular biological analysis. The microsatelliteprofiling can serve as an approach to find out which genetic alteration occurs before or after thedifferentiation is determines. 相似文献