病灶清除内固定植骨治疗胸椎结核

目的;探讨手术治疗胸椎结核的更好方法。方法;自１９９０年以来,对２１例胸椎结核导致椎柱不稳的患者,应用病灶清除,哈氏棒内固定,椎间及椎板植骨的手术方法。本组平均３３．２岁。胸７椎体６例,胸８椎体８例,胸１０椎体７例,椎体压缩〈１／２椎体高度１３例,〉１／２椎体高度８例,并不全瘫１４例。手术中先行病灶清除,然后哈氏棒内固一,撑开后再次清除病灶,取肋骨和髂骨行椎间及椎板上植骨。术后化疗１２～１５月。结     

Simultaneous determination of retinol and α-tocopherol by high pressure liquid chromatography in micro-volumes of serum

The lack of biochemical data to indicate the prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in the country is largely because of the difficulty of obtaining enough serum for analysis, especially from malnourished children. Efforts were therefore made to establish a high-pressure liquid chromatography system (HPLC) for the determination of retinol in micro-volumes of serum. Since our previous studies showed that tocopherol could be simultaneously determined in the same system, studies have been carried out for the determination of both vitamins using retinol acetate and -tocopherol acetate as internal standards. Trials were carried out to determine the most suitable sample treatment procedures and chromatographic system including composition of the mobile phase for handling 20 ml of serum. The HPLC system proposed enables successful separation and quantitation of retinol and α-tocopherol and their respective internal standards, retinol acetate and -tocopherol in less than 14 minutes. Reproducibility studies carried out with pooled sera showed a within day and between day variation of less than 8% and 13% respectively for retinol, whilst variations for α-tocopherol were higher, ranging from 8-16%. The proposed method is currently being applied to the determination of retinol and α-tocopherol in a group of malnourished children under six years of age.     

An international registry for toxic inhalation and pulmonary edema: notes from work in progress

Acute toxic inhalation by irritant, and particularly oxidant, gases has until recently been considered to be no more complicated conceptually than a chemical burn of the epithelial surface. More recently, however, toxic inhalation has been appreciated to be a complex process involving biochemical, morphological and functional changes which are quantitatively similar, although inducible by different agents. Recent advances in pulmonary pathophysiology, inhalation toxicology, and particularly endothelial biology have clarified the events occurring at the moment of, and immediately following, exposure to oxidant gases. Studies of the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with toxic inhalation by oxidant gases have been relatively static, however. Implications of recent findings in related fields illuminate the pathophysiology of toxic inhalation. Several principal speakers in this workshop are collaborating in an effort to develop a research facility for the study of toxic inhalation injury. This would be an international registry to serve as a teaching and research facility for documentation of cases of occupational and environmental toxic inhalation, considered as lung injury resulting from the inhalation of a toxic substance in a workplace setting or an uncontrolled release affecting residents of a community. The registry, as proposed, would encourage submissions by clinicians and institutions of a data set on each patient and on each incident; the registry would further encourage long-term follow-up of subjects and documentation of residual effects.Work presented at the 23rd Congress on Occupational and Environmental Health in the Chemical Industry (Medichem 1995) The Chemical Industry as a Global Citizen - Balancing Risks and Benefits, 19–22 September 1995, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts     

Simultaneous determination of B-vitamins and ascorbic acid in multi-vitamin preparations by reversed-phase HPLC

The tedious and time consuming methods employed for the analysis of individual B-vitamins can now be replaced by ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. This laboratory has previously reported the simultaneous determination of eight water-soluble vitamin standards that is, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, niacin, niacinamide and folic acid. The proposed isocratic HPLC method, employing 3 channels of detection, adequately separated all eight vitamins in less than 20 minutes. This study reports another phase of the project whereby the method was employed for the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations. Different extraction procedures were first evaluated, namely acid, acid plus enzyme and alkaline hydrolysis methods, using vitamin standards, individual vitamin tablets and multivitamin preparations. The amounts obtained from the analysis were compared with the declared values. Recovery studies were also carried out. The method of acid hydrolysis with 0.1N sulphuric acid was found suitable for use and was thus adopted as the extraction procedure for the analysis of 10 multivitamin preparations obtained from various pharmaceutical outlets. For most of these preparations, the amount obtained were close to the declared values, except for folic acid and cyanocobalamin. Further trials on folic acid showed that the problem could be resolved by omitting the filtration step in the final extract after acid hydrolysis and diluting with 0.01N sodium hydroxide before processing for chromatography. Vitamin B12 was not detectable using the present chromatography system probably because of its low concentration in the samples studied.     

Knowledge and attitudes about otitis media risk: implications for prevention

OBJECTIVES: To investigate maternal knowledge and attitudes about otitis media (OM) risk, to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in the first year of life, and to identify barriers to the reduction of risk factors (eg, formula feeding, day care attendance, and exposure to passive smoke). METHODS: Questionnaires mailed to a systematic sample of 504 Minnesota women >/=18 years old identified through 1994 birth certificates. RESULTS: Eighty percent returned a completed survey. According to maternal report, 29% of infants (age 8 to 13 months) had recurrent OM (>/=3 episodes) and 2% had tympanostomy tubes. Forty-six percent attended day care, 29% had >/=1 smoking parent, and 49% breastfed for 相似文献   

Dietary polyamines promote the growth of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon

We have examined whether dietary polyamines influence the formation and initial growth of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon. Effects of a combination of dietary polyamines at three dose levels (putrescine: 50, 280, 740 nmol/g; spermidine: 10, 261, 763 nmol/g; spermine: 1, 31, 91 nmol/g) in the polyamine-poor AIN-76A diet were studied in animals in two different experimental situations: animals treated with AOM alone and animals treated with AOM + difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of endogenous polyamine synthesis. In both experimental situations, dietary polyamines enhanced the growth of ACF, expressed as the number of large ACF (foci with three or more aberrant crypts, ACF > or = 3), whereas the formation of ACF, expressed as the number of ACF, was apparently not altered. In animals treated with AOM alone, maximal growth enhancing effect on ACF was nearly obtained with the median level of dietary polyamine. In rats fed a low polyamine diet, basic AIN-76A, DFMO reduced the growth of AOM-induced ACF by 83%. This inhibitory effect of DFMO was counteracted by dietary polyamines in a dose- dependent manner, and it was abolished at the highest level of polyamines. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that dietary polyamines are able to enhance the growth of AOM-induced ACF. Further, dietary polyamines reversed the DFMO-caused inhibition of ACF growth, probably by compensating for the DFMO-reduced endogenous polyamine synthesis.      

二甲双胍治疗抗精神病药物引起的血脂异常:两项随机、安慰剂的对照研究

目的：验证二甲双胍治疗抗精神病药引起的血脂异常的疗效和安全性。方法：将两项随机、安慰剂的 对照研究纳入分析。共有201例服用抗精神病药物后出现血脂异常的首发精神分裂症患者,并将其分为1 000 mg/d 二甲双胍组(以下简称为二甲双胍组,n=103)和安慰剂组(n=98),观察24周。在基线、治疗后第12周和第24周进行 临床症状及体重、血糖、血脂等代谢指标的评估。结果：二甲双胍治疗后,二甲双胍组和安慰剂组之间低密度脂 蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)的平均差异从基线时的0.16 mmol/L,降低到第24周结束时的 –0.86 mmol/L,降低了1.02 mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而24周结束时,二甲双胍组LDL-C≥3.37 mmol/L的 患者有25.3%,显著低于安慰剂组24周结束时的64.8%(P<0.01)。与安慰剂组相比,二甲双胍组的体重、体重指数、 胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇也有显著变化,差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)。治疗对体重和胰岛素抵抗的影响出现在第12周,并且在第24周进一步改善,但对改善血脂异常的作用在第 24周结束时才出现。结论：二甲双胍治疗对于改善抗精神病药物引起的血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗是有效的,并且改善 抗精神病药物诱导的胰岛素抵抗出现的时间早于降低血脂异常的时间。