家族性与散发性严重急性呼吸综合症（SARS）患者的病死率与重症率的研究

目的研究家族性与散发性SARS患者的重症率及病死率的区别。方法把61例SARS患者分为家族性病例和散发性病例两组，家族性病例23例，散发性病例38例，分别对重症率及病死率进行比较。结果家族性患者的重症率47．8％，散发性患者的重症率22．5％（P〈0．05），家族性患者的病死率21．7％，散发性患者的病死率5．2％（P〉0．05），本组资料尚未发现病死率有统计学明显差异。可能与病例数较少有关。结论家族性SARS患者的重症率明显高于散发性SARS患者。     

白内障超声乳化人工晶体术后视网膜脱离临床分析

目的 探讨超声乳化白内障人工晶体术后视网膜脱离的特点及手术疗效。方法 对16例视网膜脱离患者做常规巩膜扣带术或玻璃体切割联合眼内填充进行回顾性分析。结果 视网膜脱离手术后完全复位14例，一次复位率为87．5％，另2例患者经二次手术后完全复位，视力均有不同程度提高。结论 对该类患者术前应仔细检查，选择合适的手术方式尽早施行手术，以提高疗效。     

Global transcriptional profiling demonstrates the combination of type I and type II interferon enhances antiviral and immune responses at clinically relevant doses.

A role for type II interferon (IFN-gamma) in resolving viral infection is suggested by the correlation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance with enhancement of IFN-gamma-producing activated T cells in the resolution of acute HCV infection. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a synergistic direct antiviral effect was documented using IFN-gamma1b and a potent, consensus type I IFN (IFN alfacon-1). Global expression profiling following EC50 exposure to IFN alfacon-1, IFN-gamma1b, or a cocktail of the two allowed the antiviral state to be correlated with induction of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Genes identified through this analysis corresponded to classic antiviral components, ISGs more recently associated with direct antiviral functions, as well as expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and hypothetical proteins. The magnitude of these antiviral EC50-correlated expression events in human hepatoma (Huh7) cells exposed to clinically relevant doses of IFN alfacon-1, IFN-gamma1b, or a cocktail of the two was also probed because the standard of care for patients with chronic hepatitis C is type I IFN-containing regimens. Relative to type I IFNs used alone, the addition of type II IFN caused enhanced expression not only of many of the genes correlated with the direct antiviral state but also of genes involved in (1) antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), (2) macrophage, natural killer (NK), and T helper 1 (Th1) cell recruitment and activation, (3) complement system function, (4) apoptosis, and (5) ISGs with unknown functions. As many of these processes are correlated clinically with resolution of chronic HCV infection, the combined use of these IFNs could display a beneficial effect on viral clearance in patients infected with HCV and other viruses through enhancement of one of these processes or of the direct antiviral state.     

Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system: a new avenue for atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is thought to be functionally active in atherosclerosis (AS) lesions. Aspirin was found to be a potent inhibitor of the UPS in some tumour studies; however, its effect on AS remains to be demonstrated in vivo. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were placed on a normal diet (N) or on a normal diet with aspirin (NI) or on an atherogenic diet without (H) or with aspirin (HI) for 12 weeks. Proteasome activity, concentrations of plasma lipids and levels of peroxidation were determined. Ubiquitin/ubiquitin-conjugates (Ub), IkappaBalpha, phosphorylated IkappaB (pIkappaBalpha) and p65 were investigated by Western blotting or immunochemistry. RESULTS: Concentrations of plasma lipids and peroxidation levels were higher in H or HI vs. N or NI. Histological analysis showed that atheroma was increased in H. Ub and IkappaBalpha were mainly localised in subendothelium and media vascular smooth muscle cells. Western blots revealed that Ub, IkappaBalpha, and pIkappaBalpha were increased, whereas p65 was lower in HI vs. H. The activity of the 20S proteasome was functionally active in H vs. N, NI or HI, while the 26S proteasome was not affected in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin can attenuate the pathogenesis of atheroma formation, the degradation of IkappaBalpha and pIkappaBalpha, and lower the expression of p65, indicating that its therapeutic effects on AS may be via inhibition of the UPS.     

磁共振血管成像技术与高压注射器匹配的应用探讨

目的 探讨磁共振血管成像技术与高压注射器应用的匹配问题.方法 本组68例,年龄36岁-85岁,平均60岁,其中男53例,女15例.使用德国西门子1.0T超导磁共振成像仪及德国Ulich高压注射器和北陆的造影剂GD-DTPA静脉团注.结果 动脉显影良好64例(94%),3例患者血管显影欠佳(4.4%),1例患者出现药液渗漏失败(1.4%),所有检查病人均无出现不适.结论 正确熟练掌握高压注射器,使3D-CE-MRA成像扫描时间和团注速度相匹配,是获得高质量图像的重要环节,也是3D MRA检查成功的关键之一.     

PR35THE INCIDENCE OF NON‐MELANOMA SKIN CANCER IN NEW ZEALAND

Background It is estimated that skin cancers cost $33 million per annum to the New Zealand healthcare system. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the commonest types of non melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Anecdotal evidence indicates that there has been a doubling in the incidence of NMSCs in New Zealand over the last decade. Because of the high incidence mandatory reporting of NMSCs to the National Cancer Registry is not required. This lack of accurate data has led to poor health care policies and strategies including funding and workforce planning. Aims The aims of this study are to (1) present the latest statistics on NMSCs in New Zealand, including the incidence across different regions over the last decade, patient demographics, anatomic distribution of NMSCs, incidence and sites of metastasis, and disease‐specific survival; to (2) the histopathology of NMSCs, including surgical margins, histologic grade, and perineural, lymphatic, and vascular invasion; and (3) the relative role of different faculties treating NMSCs. Method This project has been approved by the multi‐centre ethics committee. A retrospective review was conducted from patients’ histology records from public and private pathology laboratories within defined catchment areas. Criterion for analysis is a confirmed diagnosis of NMSC treated surgically. A Microsoft Access database is created that will facilitate subsequent data retrieval and analysis. Results and Conclusion It is hoped that this up‐to‐date data will form the framework for the development of sound and sustainable healthcare policies of management of NMSCs including management strategies and workforce planning, and research direction on this common disease.     

外刊速览

中国研制出抗禽流感药物——路透社目前,中国已研制出一种与“达菲”相应的抗禽流感病毒药物,但并没有说明该药物何时会投入使用,以及它与“达菲”的可比性。鉴于缺乏禽流感疫苗,世界卫生组织已经建议各国政府储备“达菲”。该药虽然不能治愈禽流感,但可以抑制病毒发展,减缓病毒扩散。全球唯一能够生产“达菲”的瑞士罗氏公司上星期宣布,他们已经停止在中国市场     

接触镜与泪液形态关系的临床评价

目的 :观察配戴不同种类接触镜后眼表面泪膜的形态、稳定性及泪液量的变化。方法 :对日戴SCL、RGPCL和Ortho KCL的 2 14名近视患者 4 2 8只眼 ,利用表面泪膜观察装置 (DR 1)观察戴镜前后眼表泪液膜和戴镜状态下镜上泪液膜的形态分级 ,同时测定泪膜破裂时间 (BUT)。利用酚红染色棉丝测定SCL戴镜前后的泪液量 ,并用折射仪 (AtagoCL 1)测量SCL含水量的变化。结果 :SCL配戴者随戴镜时间延长 ,BUT明显缩短 (P <0 .0 1) ,RGPCL和Ortho KCL配戴者戴镜 5年以内 ,BUT无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。戴镜后RGPCL ,Ortho KCL和非戴镜正常眼三组间眼表泪膜分级比例差异无显著性 ,SCL组Ⅰ级比例为 6 .5 % ,显著低于其他组(16 .1%～ 2 3.0 % )。镜上泪膜 ,SCL、RGPCL和Ortho KCL三组均以Ⅳ级为主 (分别占 5 4 .4 %、5 3.4 %和 5 1.5 % ) ,SCLⅠ级比例仅 1.9% ,显著低于另二组 (分别占 6 .2 %和 12 .4 % )。SCL配戴者随戴镜时间延长 ,泪液量轻度减少 ,SCL含水量在戴镜 1w后即显著降低。结论 :科学配戴接触镜对泪液膜质量无明显影响 ,但SCL长期使用可能对泪膜有一定干扰作用。     

纸本与数字的交互：手机阅读的最佳效果

随着全球3G商用的推进和拥有大容量存储能力的智能终端的日益普及,手机正逐步演变成为一个新型的数字阅读终端。利用手机进行电子阅读的全新模式,正以前所未有的普及速度冲击着人们的阅读习惯。而这趋势也逐渐为"阅读"进行重新的定义。对于每一个读者而言,在这样一个信息化的时代里,手机阅读和纸本阅读的交互使用、取长补短,才是获得最佳阅读效果的最有效方式。