Sleeping positions and dental arch dimensions in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

The present paper analyzed the association between children's sleeping positions and dental arch morphology. The sleeping patterns of 27 children, aged 3 to 10 yr, suspected of having the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were studied by polysomnography (PSG) and videotape recordings under laboratory conditions. The PSG recordings were used to calculate the apnea index (AI) and the relative time spent sleeping on the back, and the videotapes to categorize distinctly different sleep and head postures. Plaster casts were made for the assessment of dental arch morphology. Sleeping predominantly on one's back, was associated with a reduced maxillary intercanine width, while prolonged head extension during sleep correlated inversely with the overjet. The subjects with the highest AI scores (>4) had larger dental arches. We suggest that sleeping on the back causes a more posterior tongue position, reducing its moulding effect on the anterior dental arch. As nasopharyngeal airway obstruction in OSAS-patients might trigger an anterior tongue position to secure a free airway passage, there will be increased lingual pressure on the dental arches, leading to their dimensional increase.     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic and open living donor nephrectomy in Korea

BACKGROUND: We compared the results of hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) and conventional open living donor nephrectomy (OLDN). METHODS: The clinical data on 49 hand-assisted LLDN and 21 OLDN on the left side performed at two institutions in Korea from January 2001 to February 2003 were reviewed. Demographic data of donors and recipients were similar in the two groups. RESULTS: There was one conversion to an open procedure due to bleeding in the LLDN group. The median operation times (180 min in LLDN versus 170 min in OLDN) and warm ischemic times (2.5 min in LLDN versus 2.0 min in OLDN) in the two groups were similar. The estimated mean blood loss, duration of hospital stay and complication rate was also similar in the two groups. The LLDN group reported less pain (visual analog scale) postoperatively (4.1 versus 5.3), but this was not significant (P=0.058). The time to oral intake in the LLDN group was significantly longer by an average of 1 day (P=0.001). Return to work was sooner in the LLDN group (4.0 weeks versus 6.0 weeks; P=0.026). The recipient graft function was equivalent between the two groups. Hand-assisted LLDN appears to be a safe and effective alternative to OLDN. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that this technique may give the ability provide grafts of similar quality to OLDN, while extending to the donors the advantages of a traditional LLDN procedure.     

国际数字内容出版产业的垂直整合与跨界合作的战略

【目的】 在信息技术主导的时代,国际出版行业通过调整经营模式适应时代变革。探索和归纳国际出版产业整合与跨界合作的模式和特点,为中国科技期刊的具体实践提供参考。【方法】 首先明晰数字经济和数字出版的内涵,然后分析国际期刊出版界为实现新兴信息技术获取和数字内容出版而产生的相关业务以及战略变化。【结果】 国际数字内容出版商主要靠整合和跨界两个主要战略来实现数字经济背景下的全球技术和产品转型,以提供新的产品和服务。【结论】 国际出版产业正在发生各种深刻变化,中国出版商的数字化战略不仅要在数字化理念和进展方面对国际出版商的战略行为保持敏感,更要依据自身特色加强主动创新,在新的时代发展机遇中走向世界。     

开放科学与科技期刊的应对

【目的】 为我国科技期刊应对开放科学潮流提供参考。【方法】 挖掘联合国教科文组织发布的《开放科学建议书》中与期刊出版相关的内容,整理归纳利益相关者的开放科学诉求及对期刊出版的建议,对比开放科学与开放获取对期刊出版的不同要求。【结果】 《开放科学建议书》涵盖开放科学对期刊出版的直接要求、参与方式、间接影响;利益相关者就开放科学下期刊出版的知识产权、商业模式、同行评议等表达各自的诉求;开放科学相比开放获取对期刊出版提出更高的要求。【结论】 建议我国科技期刊制定相关政策、创新出版形式与服务模式、引入或开发信息技术、创新评估方法,以适应开放科学的发展。     

Comparison of methods for editing of ectopic beats in measurements of short-term non-linear heart rate dynamics

Non-linear heart rate (HR) dynamics characterizes the fractal properties and complexity of the variations in HR. Ventricular and supraventricular ectopic beats might introduce a mathematical artefact to the analyses on sinus rhythm. We therefore evaluated the effects of different editing practices for ectopic beats such that 753 40-min ECG recordings were (i) not edited for the ectopic beats, or the ectopic beats were edited with (ii) an interpolation or with (iii) a deletion method before the analyses of non-linear HR dynamics. The non-linear HR dynamics analyses included detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), approximate entropy, symbolic dynamics (SymDyn), fractal dimension and return map (RM). We found that the short-term scaling exponent (alpha1) of DFA, forbidden words of SymDyn and RM were sensitive measurements to the ectopic beats and there were strong correlations between these measurements and the number of ectopic beats. In addition, the unedited ectopic beats significantly lowered the stability of these measurements. However, the editing either with interpolation or deletion method corrected the measurements for the bias caused by the ectopic beats. On the contrary, the entropy measurements were not as sensitive to the ectopic beats. In conclusion, the ectopic beats affect the non-linear HR dynamics of sinus rhythm differently, causing a more marked bias in fractal than in complexity measurements of non-linear HR dynamics. This erroneous effect of ectopic beats can be corrected with a proper editing of these measurements. Therefore, there is an obvious need for standardized editing practices for ectopic beats before the analysis of non-linear HR dynamics.     

南阳市2003～2007年预防艾滋病母婴传播工作现况及效果观察

[目的] 分析南阳市预防艾滋病母婴传播52作现状并评估工作效果,为制订有效的干预措施提供科学依据.[方法] 以南阳市2003年以来预防艾滋病母婴传播工作报表、数据库资料为依据,进行流行病学分析. [结果] 女性HIV感染者以及HIV阳性育龄妇女所占比例较高,且呈地区局灶性分布;从2000年到2007年,HIV母婴传播的病例发现数稳中有降;孕产妇监测显示重点县(区)孕产妇HIV感染率整体呈下降趋势,但每年仍有新发现的HIV感染者,42.71%的HIV阳性孕产妇是经性传播;从2003年到2007年,HIV阳性产妇分娩存活的60例婴儿中未采取阻断措施的2例婴儿最终都被确认为HIV阳性;采取阻断措施的58例婴儿中≥12月龄且接受HIV检测的有29例,其中1例HIV检测为阳性,阳性率为3.45%. [结论] 南阳市在:HIV母婴阻断方面做了大量的工作并取得了明显的效果,但HIV通过性传播和母婴传播的危险依然存在;在重点地区育龄妇女将可能成为HIV从成人向儿童传播的桥梁;因此必须采取综合防治措施,多措并举来有效阻断艾滋病母婴传播.     

糖尿病足发生的危险因素及预防护理对策

目的：研究糖尿病足发生的危险因素及预防护理对策。方法：选取2006年1月-2008年1月在我院住院治疗并确诊的糖尿病足患者共67例,记录患者入院时的年龄、性别、糖尿病病程、吸烟史及糖尿病足的病变部位等资料,作多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：与糖尿病足发生相关的危险因素为年龄（P〈0.01）、性别（P〈0.05）、吸烟史（P〈0.01）及HbA1c（P〈0.05）水平。结论：及时有效的干预措施和积极良好的足部护理可以预防糖尿病足的发生。     

Ablation of Severe Drug‐Resistant Tachyarrhythmia During Pregnancy

Ablation of Tachyarrhythmia During Pregnancy. Aims: The goal of this study was to describe mapping and ablation of severe arrhythmias during pregnancy, with minimum or no X‐ray exposure. Treatment of tachyarrhythmia in pregnancy is a clinical problem. Pharmacotherapy entails a risk of adverse effects and is unsuccessful in some patients. Radiofrequency ablation has been performed rarely, because of fetal X‐ray exposure and potential maternal and fetus complications. Group and Method: Mapping and ablation was performed in 9 women (age 24–34 years) at 12–38th week of pregnancy. Three had permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia, and 2 had incessant atrial tachycardia. Four of them had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%. One patient had atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia requiring cardioversion. Three patients had Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome. Two of them had atrial fibrillation with ventricular rate 300 bpm and 1 had atrioventricular tachycardia 300 bpm. Fetal echocardiography was performed before and after the procedure. Results: Three women had an electroanatomic map and ablation done without X‐ray exposure. The mean fluoroscopy time in the whole group was 42 ± 37 seconds. The mean procedure time was 56 ± 18 minutes. After the procedure, all women and fetuses were in good condition. After a mean period of 43 ± 23 months follow up (FU), all patients were free of arrhythmia without complications related to ablation either in the mothers or children. Conclusion: Ablation can be performed safely with no or minimal radiation exposure during pregnancy. In the setting of malignant, drug‐resistant arrhythmia, ablation may be considered a therapeutic option in selected cases. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 877‐882, August 2010)     

前列腺疾病患者性心理问题相关因素及护理对策

目的探讨前列腺疾病患者性心理问题的相关因素,提出正确的卫生宣教知识及心理疏导方法。方法自行设计问卷,由专人对被调查者进行必要的解释,由患者独立完成。结果患者的性心理问题与年龄成负相关（P〈0.01）,与文化程度、是否知道男性生殖器系统各器官的解剖位置有相关关系（P〈0.05）;与性生活的满意度、是否知道手术切除部位、对性知识的了解程度有显著相关关系（P〈0.05）。结论向患者进行相关男性知识、性知识宣教,使他们认知患病或手术后性生活将会有无变化,可减轻不必要的心理负担,促进其性功能恢复。