医学期刊论文作者署名状况及问题思考

目的调查研究医学期刊论文作者署名问题。方法选择《中国煤炭工业医学杂志》、《首都医科大学学报》、《中国健康心理学杂志》、《中国综合临床》、《全科医学临床与教育》和《中国医院统计》6种刊物2010年发表的3 156篇学术论著的9 429名署名作者进行研究;并对≥4名作者的988篇学术论文中的2 468名署名作者中进行问卷调查。结果每篇论文署名作者1～16名不等,平均3名作者;省级以上基金项目1 030项,署名865项,占84%;≥4名作者的学术论文的2 468名署名作者符合作者资格者1 086名,占44%;532名署名第一作者符合作者资格者475名,占89%;43名通讯作者符合作者资格者38名,占88%;532张收回问卷有53张问卷的署名作者均不具备作者资格,占6%。结论作者的《著作权法》和学术道德伦理意识不强,不重视署名问题;作者、志谢对象、著作权、著作权人、署名权、署名资格等基本概念模糊;作者署名功能异化,署名具有很大的随意性。     

高龄股骨颈骨折患者一例围术期的循证护理

目的探讨高龄股骨颈骨折患者人工股骨头置换术围术期的个性化护理措施。方法运用循证护理的方法,在查阅文献的基础上对一例89岁股骨颈骨折患者开展围术期的循证护理。结果患者围术期未出现肺部并发症、血栓及泌尿系感染,骶尾部压疮经治疗痊愈。结论高龄股骨颈骨折患者围术期应注意肺部并发症、血栓、泌尿系感染及压疮等的预防,循证护理的运用可取得良好的效果。     

食管贲门癌患者对术后早期下床活动风险认知情况的调查

目的 了解食管贲门癌患者对术后早期下床活动风险的认知情况,以便更有效地做好术后活动的健康宣教和行动指导.方法 采用自行设计的问卷,对2010年6月至2012年1月在解放军总医院第一附属医院胸外科住院的162例食管贲门癌患者进行术后早期下床活动风险认知的调查.结果 本组162例患者中,65.4%的患者不了解早期下床活动存在的风险,74.1%的患者不了解风险存在的外在因素,80.9%的患者不了解风险存在的内在因素,71.6%的患者在风险出现时不能采取有效的预防措施.结论 护理人员应采取针对性措施,强化患者术后早期下床活动风险的意识,在保证患者术后有足够活动量的同时又要保证其安全.     

Tablet preformulations of indomethacin-loaded mesoporous silicon microparticles

In this study, indomethacin-loaded thermally oxidized mesoporous silicon microparticles (TOPSi-IMC) were formulated into tablets with excipients in order to improve the dissolution and permeability properties of the poorly soluble drug. Formulations of TOPSi-IMC particles and excipients were prepared at different TOPSi-IMC particle ratios (25, 30 and 35%). The formulations were compressed by direct compression technique with a single punch tablet machine. For comparison, a formulation containing the bulk IMC (indomethacin) and the same excipients without thermally oxidized mesoporous silicon microparticles particles (TOPSi) was prepared and compressed into tablets. The TOPSi-IMC tablets were characterised according to weight, thickness, crushing strength, disintegration time and dissolution rate. The results of this study show that TOPSi-IMC particles can be compressed to a conventional tablet. The release rate of the drug and its permeation across intestinal cells model (Caco-2) from TOPSi-IMC tablets was improved compared to the bulk IMC tablets. The dissolution rate and permeability of IMC from the tablets decreased with increasing ratio of the TOPSi-IMC particles in the formulation. The phenomenon is, presumably, a result of the loss of unique pore structure of the particles due to deformation of the particles under the compression load.     

Reduced systemic vascular resistance in healthy volunteers with presyncopal symptoms during a nitrate-stimulated tilt-table test

AIMS

The mechanism of nitrate-induced syncope remains controversial. We examined the haemodynamic changes in healthy volunteers during nitroglycerin-stimulated tilt-table test.

METHODS

Continuous radial pulse wave analysis, whole-body impedance cardiography and plethysmographic finger blood pressure were recorded in a supine position and during head-up tilt in 21 subjects with presyncopal symptoms (6 male/15 female, age 43 ± 3 years) after 0.25 mg sublingual nitroglycerin and 21 control subjects (6 male/15 female, age 43 ± 2 years). The drug was administered in the supine position and a passive head-up tilt followed 5 min later. Additionally, nitroglycerin was only administered during head-up tilt in 19 subjects and the haemodynamics were recorded.

RESULTS

Supine and upright haemodynamics were similar before nitroglycerin administration in the two groups. During the nitroglycerin-stimulated tilt test, aortic and radial mean blood pressure decreased significantly more in the presyncope group when compared with the controls (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0004, respectively). The decreases in systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.0008) and heart rate (P = 0.002), and increase in aortic reflection time (P = 0.0002) were greater in the presyncope group, while the change in cardiac index was not different between the groups (P = 0.14). If nitroglycerin was administered during the upright tilt and not in supine position, the haemodynamic changes were quite corresponding.

CONCLUSIONS

Presyncopal symptoms during nitrate-stimulated tilt test were explained by decreased systemic vascular resistance and increased aortic reflection time, while cardiac output remained unchanged. These findings indicated reduced arterial resistance in nitroglycerin-induced presyncope.     

作者贡献声明政策的初探性研究

【目的】 对国外学术期刊的作者贡献声明（ACS）政策及要素进行分析,为期刊ACS政策制定以及未来计算作者贡献程度提供框架。【方法】 以文献综述和案例分析的方法,提取2种综合类期刊与8种医学类期刊作者贡献声明的政策内容和要素。【结果】 ACS政策内容包括对ACS的强制性要求和理由、作者提交ACS的时间与方式、在全文中ACS的呈现形式、写作ACS的格式等;ACS要素内容包括研究构思与设计、内容分析与解释、成果表达与论文撰写三方面21项。“三视角和三层次”构建对照科研生命周期各项科研活动的ACS框架图。【结论】 对ACS的政策分析和所归纳的三维层次框架理论可作为期刊建设ACS标准化体系的参考依据。     

梓醇对3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖脂代谢的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察梓醇对3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖脂代谢及过氧化物酶体增长因子活化受体(PPAR-γ)蛋白表达的影响。方法 采用3T3-L1前脂肪细胞诱导分化为成熟脂肪细胞,以葡萄糖氧化酶法检测细胞的葡萄糖消耗,以油红O染色法检测梓醇、罗格列酮对前脂肪细胞分化的影响,以Western Blot法检测各组PPAR-γ蛋白的表达。结果 与空白对照组比较,梓醇组、罗格列酮组3T3-L1脂肪细胞的葡萄糖消耗量均明显增高(P < 0.01),梓醇组与罗格列酮组比较差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05);罗格列酮组OD值及PPAR-γ蛋白的表达较空白对照组明显升高(P < 0.05);梓醇组OD值及PPAR-γ蛋白的表达较空白对照组明显降低(P < 0.05)。结论 梓醇在抑制PPAR-γ蛋白表达的同时能够促进葡萄糖的消耗,初步表明其具有体外调节脂肪细胞糖脂代谢的作用。     

农村老年人害怕跌倒与跌倒经历、躯体功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨农村老年人害怕跌倒与既往跌倒经历和躯体功能表现的相关性,为实施有效预防策略和实践提供借鉴。方法 2020年6-10月,便利抽样法选取在某二级医院体检中心参加老人年度免费体检项目的老年人1642名进行面对面调查,采集老年人的一般人口学资料、跌倒经历、躯体功能表现和害怕跌倒情况,比较不同跌倒经历和躯体功能状态对老年人害怕跌倒的影响。结果 12.85%的老年人害怕跌倒。是否害怕跌倒老年人在年龄、性别、合并疾病数量、近5年及1年跌倒史、跌倒次数、跌倒损伤程度、躯体功能表现上的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,跌倒损伤程度(OR=1.483)、四阶段平衡测试得分(OR=0.702)和30 s起坐测试个数(OR=0.956)与老年人害怕跌倒具有独立关联(均P<0.05)。结论 既往发生跌倒且跌倒损伤程度越高,平衡能力和下肢肌肉耐力不足,可能会增加老年人害怕跌倒的发生。应制定针对性措施预防老年人跌倒、降低跌倒损伤,提高躯体功能水平。     

姜黄素二癸酸酯的制备及长效性研究

制备姜黄素二癸酸酯,并对其药理长效性进行研究。姜黄素与癸酰氯发生酯化后形成姜黄素二癸酸酯(Curcumin didecanoate,CDD),将CDD或姜黄素注射到小鼠和大鼠体内,测定小鼠和大鼠血浆中姜黄素含量,检测时量效应;利用5-HTP诱导甩头实验,检测CDD的抗抑郁作用的长效性。结果显示一次性注射CDD(184 mg/kg),小鼠及大鼠的姜黄素有效血药浓度可以持续至少14 d。与姜黄素相比,CDD具有明显的长效特点;5-HTP诱导甩头实验,显示其具有抗抑郁作用。     

20种治疗心脑血管中成药中微量元素的比较

目的 对比研究金诃脑血康与治疗19种心脑血管的中成药中微量元素的含量.方法 采用火焰原子吸收分光光法测定金诃脑血康与19种心脑m管类药物中镉、铬、钴、铜、铁、镁、锰、镍、铅、锌10种微量元素的含量.结果 心脑血管类药物中含有丰富的铁、铜、镁、锰、锌、钴、铬等微量元素.为探讨中成药中微量元素与治疗心血管疾病的关系提供了有用的数据.结论 所建方法简便、准确、重复件好,可用于金诃脑血康的质量控制.