25例颅内多形性黄色星形细胞瘤临床病例分析

目的分析多形性黄色星型细胞瘤(PXA)的临床、影像及病理特点,探讨其有效治疗方法。方法回顾性纳入福建医科大学附属第一医院神经外科自2012年7月1日至2019年12月1日收治的25例颅内PXA患者,分析其临床表现、影像学特征、病理学特征及治疗方式,并随访研究其预后。结果25例患者中首发症状以头痛(12例)及癫痫(8例)最为常见。肿瘤位置多见于顶叶(8例),其次为颞叶(6例)、额叶(6例)。病理结果中,世界卫生组织(WHO)分级Ⅱ级患者肿瘤细胞增殖核抗原(Ki-67)平均阳性率为6.4%,P53平均阳性率21.2%;WHO分级Ⅲ级患者的Ki-67平均阳性率为22.2%,P53平均阳性率为48.3%。15例检测突触素(Syn)蛋白患者中阳性12例。20例患者术后随访31个月,存活19例,9例未见肿瘤复发或残留,其中WHOⅡ级8例,WHOⅢ级1例。结论病理结果在PXA诊断中发挥重要作用,WHOⅡ级患者预后明显优于Ⅲ级患者。     

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression is associated with poor prognosis in intestinal type gastric cancer

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a molecular chaperone which plays an important role in cellular protection against various stressful stimuli and in the regulation of cellular growth and apoptosis. This study was conducted in gastric carcinoma (GC) to assess correlations of HSP70 expression with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS). Tissue microarray blocks were constructed from 172 GCs and immunohistochemically stained for HSP70. Low HSP70 expression was found in 122 GCs (71 %), whereas 50 (29 %) had high expression. HSP70 expression was higher in tumours in the cardia (p?=?0.008), with non-signet ring cell histology (p?<?0.001), of intestinal type (p?=?0.045) and of higher pathological T stage (p?=?0.026). When considering the cohort as a whole, HSP70 expression did not correlate with OS (p?=?0.092). In intestinal type carcinomas, however, high HSP70 expression significantly correlated with worse OS (p?=?0.034). These results suggest that HSP70 expression might be an unfavourable prognostic factor in patients with GC, especially of intestinal type.     

Generalized Anxiety and Major Depressive Symptoms of General Public in South Korea during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic

The extent of viral spread and strategies in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic have been different in each country. There are overall increased mental health concerns in many countries but it is unclear what the general public individuals who do not have heighten vulnerability to stressors for existing mental diseases or significant physical illnesses were experiencing during the pandemic. We evaluated the stressors and mental health of general public in South Korea that has a relatively low confirmed cases and deaths. Responses on the on-line survey questions were used to assess the mental and physical symptoms in association with individuals’ reported stressors. Individuals with the symptoms of the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were reported in 58.9%, and major depression (MD) in 23.2%, mostly in minimal to mild degrees, cut-off scores of 5 and 10, respectively by the validated screening tools, GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Both GAD and MD symptoms were in 21.5% of the respondents. The total number of stress had significant association with the scores of GAD-7, PHQ-9, physical symptoms, sleep difficulties and resilience (p < 0.01). GAD scores were also associated with sleep difficulties (p < 0.01) and raising young children (p < 0.05). MD scores were associated with sleep difficulties, job-dissatisfaction, and educational level (p < 0.05). The limitations of the study include small sample size, usage of smartphone or email, potential under-reporting by stigma in the socio-cultural context and evolving nature of pandemic. We conclude that keeping careful watch for mental symptoms, stressors, sleep difficulties and other physical symptoms are important even for the individuals without previous mental illnesses during the pandemic era.     

Bayesian estimation of maximum entropy model for individualized energy landscape analysis of brain state dynamics

The pairwise maximum entropy model (MEM) for resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) has been used to generate energy landscape of brain states and to explore nonlinear brain state dynamics. Researches using MEM, however, has mostly been restricted to fixed‐effect group‐level analyses, using concatenated time series across individuals, due to the need for large samples in the parameter estimation of MEM. To mitigate the small sample problem in analyzing energy landscapes for individuals, we propose a Bayesian estimation of individual MEM using variational Bayes approximation (BMEM). We evaluated the performances of BMEM with respect to sample sizes and prior information using simulation. BMEM showed advantages over conventional maximum likelihood estimation in reliably estimating model parameters for individuals with small sample data, particularly utilizing the empirical priors derived from group data. We then analyzed individual rsfMRI of the Human Connectome Project to show the usefulness of MEM in differentiating individuals and in exploring neural correlates for human behavior. MEM and its energy landscape properties showed high subject specificity comparable to that of functional connectivity. Canonical correlation analysis identified canonical variables for MEM highly associated with cognitive scores. Inter‐individual variations of cognitive scores were also reflected in energy landscape properties such as energies, occupation times, and basin sizes at local minima. We conclude that BMEM provides an efficient method to characterize dynamic properties of individuals using energy landscape analysis of individual brain states.     

脑干梗死致Ondine’s curse综合征1例并文献复习

1病例介绍患者男性,61岁,以“头晕、饮水呛咳、吞咽困难2日”之主诉于2020年6月5日入院。2日前无明显诱因出现头晕不适,伴行走欠平稳,饮水呛咳,吞咽困难,无视物旋转,无肢体活动障碍;入院当日上午患者出现呼吸困难、面色青紫,继之意识模糊,呼之不应,紧急给予气管插管和呼吸机维持呼吸。既往史:2型糖尿病3年,自服二甲双胍调控血糖,血糖控制不详;高血压病4年,最高达220/110 mm Hg,未规律服用降压药,血压控制不详;10余年前因“饮水呛咳、吞咽受限、右侧肢体无力”诊断为脑梗死,遗留右侧肢体力弱后遗症。     

经鼻给予丙酸睾丸酮增加大鼠中脑5羟色胺能神经元的表达

目的:观察经鼻给予丙酸睾丸酮(TP)后大鼠中缝背核色氨酸羟化酶(TPH)及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5羟色胺(5-HT)和5羟色胺转运体(SERT)表达的改变.方法:对正常成年雄性及去势大鼠经鼻给予TP 21 d,利用免疫组织化学观察给药后大鼠中缝背核TPH及巾缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的免疫反应强度变化.结果:大鼠去势处理降低中缝背核TPH及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达;去势大鼠经鼻给予TP则可提高巾缝背核TPH及巾缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达,但未达到假手术水平;正常大鼠鼻腔给予TP后,中缝背核TPH及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达也显著增加.结论:经鼻给予TP增加大鼠中缝背核TPH及中缝背核、尾壳核与伏核5-HT和SERT的表达,为经鼻给予TP辅助治疗衰老过程中出现的运动相关行为障碍及抑郁症状提供实验依据.     

国内外超重和肥胖人群心理卫生相关研究的热点

目的:分析近20年超重和肥胖人群心理卫生相关研究,比较国内外该人群心理卫生相关研究热点。方法:检索万方、知网、PubMed数据库2000年1月-2020年4月收录的超重和肥胖人群心理相关研究,采用BICOMB、gCLUTO软件对关键词和主题词进行聚类和可视化分析。研究人群为中国人的研究定义为国内研究,其余均视为国外研究。结果:最终纳入国内研究661篇、国外研究3679篇。聚类分析显示,国内关注肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征、儿童青少年、肥胖合并症患者等;国外侧重于减重术后及暴食症患者、儿童青少年等。结论:国内外研究热点仅在儿童、青少年方面较为相似。国内在存在肥胖合并症的临床疾病领域发展较好,而国外所关注的减重术后患者生活质量及心理状况、正念疗法和认知行为疗法的运用等值得国内研究者借鉴。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平变化及临床意义

目的 探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清神经丝轻链(NfL)、半乳糖凝集素-3(Galectin-3)、神经导向因子(Netrin-1)水平变化及临床意义.方法 选取2017年6月至2020年6月我科收治的130例急性缺血性脑卒中患者作为观察组,根据神经功能缺损程度,将其分为轻度组(n=33)、中度组(n=56)和重度组(n=41).同期,另选取我院体检健康人群100例(对照组).应用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平.出院后随访90 d,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估患者神经功能预后,采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者临床预后的危险因素.绘制ROC曲线,分析血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1对患者不良预后的评估价值.结果 观察组血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平与对照组血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).不同神经功能缺损程度的血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1水平相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).预后不良组血清NfL、Galectin-3水平高于预后良好组,血清Netrin-1水平低于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果示,血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1是影响急性缺血性脑卒中患者短期预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05).ROC曲线结果示,血清NfL、Galectin-3、Netrin-1及三者联合检测预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者不良预后的AUC分别为0.769、0.784、0.811、0.892.结论 急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清NfL、Galectin-3水平升高,血清Netrin-1水平降低,其血清水平变化与患者神经功能缺损程度和短期不良预后有关,可作为急性缺血性脑卒中患者神经功能预后评估的参考指标.