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51.
52.
Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in gram-positive and gram-negative pneumonia in mice 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10 下载免费PDF全文
Branger J Knapp S Weijer S Leemans JC Pater JM Speelman P Florquin S van der Poll T 《Infection and immunity》2004,72(2):788-794
To determine the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the immune response to pneumonia, C3H/HeJ mice (which display a mutant nonfunctional TLR4) and C3H/HeN wild-type mice were intranasally infected with either Streptococcus pneumoniae (a common gram-positive respiratory pathogen) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (a common gram-negative respiratory pathogen). In cases of pneumococcal pneumonia, TLR4 mutant mice showed a reduced survival only after infection with low-level bacterial doses, which was associated with a higher bacterial burden in their lungs 48 h postinfection. In Klebsiella pneumonia, TLR4 mutant mice demonstrated a shortened survival after infection with either a low- or a high-level bacterial dose together with an enhanced bacterial outgrowth in their lungs. These data suggest that TLR4 contributes to a protective immune response in both pneumococcal and Klebsiella pneumonia and that its role is more important in respiratory tract infection caused by the latter (gram-negative) pathogen. 相似文献
53.
Hosal SA Apel RL Freeman JL Azadian A Rosen IB LiVolsi VA Asa SL 《Endocrine pathology》1997,8(1):21-28
Molecular analyses of thyroid tumors have documented mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 gene almost exclusively in anaplastic
carcinomas. In contrast, immunohistochemistry has localized p53 in differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid cancers.
To establish the significance of p53 immunolocalization in these lesions, 78 thyroid tumors of follicular derivation were
examined. All tumors were classified by strict criteria and the extent of tumor was determined morphologically. Immunohistochemical
staining for p53 was performed on paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tumor tissue. The results of staining were correlated
with diagnosis, tumor extent and clinical outcome. Immunopositivity for p53 was diffuse and strong in all five anaplastic
carcinomas examined. There was no staining in five of six follicular adenomas. Four of nine follicular carcinomas had some
degree of nuclear staining, but this was focal; all nine tumors were confined to the thyroid at the time of examination. Of
49 papillary carcinomas, 26 were intrathyroidal, and 7 of these were occult; there was no p53 positivity in any occult lesion
and only 5 of the 19 palpable lesions stained. In contrast, among 23 papillary carcinomas with extrathyroidal extension or
metastases, only 9 were negative for p53 immunoreactivity. Five of seven tall cell papillary carcinomas and one of two insular
carcinomas had p53 immunopositivity and this correlated with aggressive behavior. These results support the tumorigenic role
of p53 mutations postulated for anaplastic thyroid carcinomas and indicate that localization of p53 by immunohistochemistry
is a useful prognostic index of clinical behavior in differentiated thyroid carcinomas of follicular cell derivation. 相似文献
54.
Analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and TP53 polymorphism in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cortezzi SS Provazzi PJ Sobrinho JS Mann-Prado JC Reis PM de Freitas SE Filho JF Fukuyama EE Cordeiro JA Cury PM Maniglia JV Villa LL Tajara EH Rahal P 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》2004,150(1):44-49
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a disease associated with tobacco and alcohol abuse. There is evidence that the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) may also be a risk for upper aerodigestive tract cancers. High-risk HPVs encode two early proteins, E6 and E7, that can bind to p53 and pRb, respectively, and induce its degradation or inactivation. The TP53 gene has a single polymorphism at codon 72 of exon 4 that encodes either arginine (Arg) or proline (Pro). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of HPV infection and TP53 polymorphism in head and neck cancer. We analyzed 50 tumors, as well swabs of oral mucosa from 142 control individuals, with a polymerase chain reaction technique. The prevalence of HPV in controls was 10.6% and in cancer specimens 16%. The frequency distribution of genotypes in controls was 50% Arg/Arg, 43% Arg/Pro and 7% Pro/Pro; in tumors, it was 52% Arg/Arg, 32% Arg/Pro, and 16% Pro/Pro. Contrary to the results of some studies on cervical cancer, no association between any TP53 genotype or allele and the development of head and neck cancer was observed, regardless of HPV status, except for the Pro/Pro genotype, which is associated with the absence of HPV. The arginine allele appears to protect against head and neck cancers. Also, the data showed that HPV infection results in no increased risk of developing head and neck tumors. 相似文献
55.
IS1245 Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing of Mycobacterium avium Isolates: Proposal for Standardization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Dick van Soolingen Jeanett Bauer Viviana Ritacco Sylvia Cardoso Leo Ivo Pavlik Veronique Vincent Nalin Rastogi Andrea Gori Thomas Bodmer Carlo Garzelli Maria J. Garcia 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(10):3051-3054
Mycobacterium avium has become a major human pathogen, primarily due to the emergence of the AIDS epidemic. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, using insertion sequence IS1245 as a probe, provides a powerful tool in the molecular epidemiology of M. avium-related infections and will facilitate well-founded studies into the sources of M. avium infections in animal and environmental reservoirs. The standardization of this technique allows computerization of IS1245 RFLP patterns for comparison on a local level and the establishment of M. avium DNA fingerprint databases for interlaboratory comparison. Moreover, by combining international DNA typing results of M. avium complex isolates from a broad spectrum of sources, long-lasting questions on the epidemiology of this major agent of mycobacterial infections will be answered. 相似文献
56.
57.
Yasmin Amaral Leila Silva Fernanda Soares Daniele Marano Sylvia Nehab Andrea Abranches Ana Carolina Costa Maria Elisabeth Moreira 《Nutrients》2021,13(5)
Background: To evaluate the potential factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk of puerperal women. Methods: cross-sectional study, conducted between March 2016 and August 2017, with 107 women, selected in a Tertiary Health Care Tertiary Health Facility of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected two months after delivery. The dependent variable of the study was the nutritional composition of human milk. We divided the independent variables into hierarchical levels: distal (age, schooling, parity and pregestational nutritional status), intermediate (number of prenatal visits and gestational weight gain) and proximal (alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes mellitus and hypertension). For data analysis, we applied the multiple linear regression, centered on the hierarchical model. Only the variables associated with the nutritional composition of breast milk remained in the final model at a 5% level of significance. Results: The nutritional composition of human milk yielded by women with pregestational overweight, smokers and hypertensive had higher amounts of lipids and energy. Conversely, women with gestational weight gain below the recommended had lower amounts of these components. Conclusion: The evaluation of factors associated with the nutritional composition of human milk is extremely important to assist post-partum care practices. In this study, we observed that lipid and energy contents were associated to pregestational nutritional status, gestational weight gain, smoking and hypertension. 相似文献
58.
Sosa Sylvia Kogan Michael D. Garcia Stephanie Strobino Donna M. Minkovitz Cynthia S. 《Maternal and child health journal》2021,25(2):221-229
Maternal and Child Health Journal - The Health Resources and Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau (HRSA MCHB) developed a three-tiered performance measure framework for... 相似文献
59.
Somba Magreat Kaaya Sylvia Siril Hellen Oljemark Kicki Ainebyona Donald McAdam Elspeth Todd James Andrew Irene McAdam Keith Simwinga Alice Mleli Neema Makongwa Samwel Haberlen Sabina Fawzi Mary C. Smith 《Prevention science》2021,22(7):940-949
Prevention Science - The NAMWEZA intervention was implemented, using a ten-session group format, to build skills targeting psychosocial vulnerabilities and enhancing HIV prevention among people... 相似文献
60.
Erin Tutty Chriselle Hickerton Bronwyn Terrill Belinda McClaren Rigan Tytherleigh Elaine Stackpoole Jaqueline Savard Ainsley Newson Anna Middleton Amy Nisselle Marie Cusack Melissa Adamski Clara Gaff Sylvia Metcalfe 《Health expectations》2021,24(2):670
BackgroundConsumer genomic testing for nutrition and wellness, (nutritional genomics), is becoming increasingly popular. Concurrently, health‐care practitioners (HPs) working in private practice (including doctors interested in integrative medicine, private genetic counsellors, pharmacists, dieticians, naturopaths and nutritionists) are involved as test facilitators or interpreters.ObjectiveTo explore Australian consumers’ and HPs’ experiences with nutrigenomic testing.MethodSemi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted using predominantly purposive sampling. The two data sets were analysed individually, then combined, using a constant comparative, thematic approach.ResultsOverall, 45 interviews were conducted with consumers (n = 18) and HPs (n = 27). Many of the consumer interviewees experienced chronic ill‐health. Nutrigenomic testing was perceived as empowering and a source of hope for answers. While most made changes to their diet/supplements post‐test, self‐reported health improvements were small. A positive relationship with their HP appeared to minimize disappointment. HPs’ adoption and views of nutrigenomic testing varied. Those enthusiastic about testing saw the possibilities it could offer. However, many felt nutrigenomic testing was not the only ‘tool’ to utilize when offering health care.DiscussionThis research highlights the important role HPs play in consumers’ experiences of nutrigenomics. The varied practice suggests relevant HPs require upskilling in this area to at least support their patients/clients, even if nutrigenomic testing is not part of their practice.Patient or public contributionAdvisory group included patient/public group representatives who informed study design; focus group participants gave feedback on the survey from which consumer interviewees were sourced. This informed the HP data set design. Interviewees from HP data set assisted with snowball sampling. 相似文献