Myocardial hibernation identified by hyperbaric oxygen treatment and echocardiography in postinfarction patients: comparison with exercise thallium scintigraphy.

To evaluate the potential for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) to produce transient improvement in function in areas of myocardium ischemic at rest (hibernating myocardium), 24 patients were studied within 1 week of acute myocardial infarction. Results were compared with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) thallium-201 exercise scintigraphy. Echocardiography demonstrated improved contraction following HBO in 20 of 62 damaged left ventricular segments in 12 of 24 patients. Thirteen of the 28 segments and 9 of the 14 patients showing reversible ischemia on SPECT imaging showed improvement with HBO. There were eight segments with apparently normal resting contraction that showed a reversible thallium defect. Of 42 segments with fixed contraction abnormalities following HBO, eight had reversible thallium defects, four had normal thallium kinetics, and 30 had fixed thallium defects. Thus hyperbaric oxygen can demonstrate improvement in function in some segments of left ventricle after infarction. There is some overlap with viability as determined by thallium studies, but the two techniques may be complementary in describing myocardial ischemia.     

Supplementation of islet culture medium with insulin may have a beneficial effect on islet secretory function

Recent reports suggest that apoptosis resulting from the disruption of the normal cell-matrix relationship (anoikis) during islet isolation could lead to a loss of islet tissue in culture. Insulin is known to have a role in cell growth and survival, and this study was undertaken to assess any beneficial effect on islets by supplementing the islet culture medium with insulin. Human and porcine islets were cultured in medium supplemented with 0, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng x mL(-1) insulin. Secretory function was assessed by perifusion at days 1 and 8. The results demonstrated a significant variation in stimulation index between isolations for human islets, but there was no effect relating to the concentration of insulin in the medium or time in culture. For porcine islets, there was a significant (p < 0.001) improvement in secretory function for islets cultured in 10 and 100 ng x mL(-1) insulin, relative to 0 and 1,000 ng x mL(-1) insulin. There was no interisolation variation or effect of time in culture. In conclusion, the secretory function of porcine islets benefited from the addition of 10 to 100 ng x mL(-1) insulin to the culture medium, but interisolation variation in human islet secretory function did not allow any specific effect of the insulin to be determined.     

Diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers: A Canadian Thoracic Society and Canadian Paediatric Society position paper

Asthma often starts before six years of age. However, there remains uncertainty as to when and how a preschool-age child with symptoms suggestive of asthma can be diagnosed with this condition. This delays treatment and contributes to both short- and long-term morbidity. Members of the Canadian Thoracic Society Asthma Clinical Assembly partnered with the Canadian Paediatric Society to develop a joint working group with the mandate to develop a position paper on the diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers.In the absence of lung function tests, the diagnosis of asthma should be considered in children one to five years of age with frequent (≥8 days/month) asthma-like symptoms or recurrent (≥2) exacerbations (episodes with asthma-like signs). The diagnosis requires the objective document of signs or convincing parent-reported symptoms of airflow obstruction (improvement in these signs or symptoms with asthma therapy), and no clinical suspicion of an alternative diagnosis. The characteristic feature of airflow obstruction is wheezing, commonly accompanied by difficulty breathing and cough. Reversibility with asthma medications is defined as direct observation of improvement with short-acting ß₂-agonists (SABA) (with or without oral corticosteroids) by a trained health care practitioner during an acute exacerbation (preferred method). However, in children with no wheezing (or other signs of airflow obstruction) on presentation, reversibility may be determined by convincing parental report of a symptomatic response to a three-month therapeutic trial of a medium dose of inhaled corticosteroids with as-needed SABA (alternative method), or as-needed SABA alone (weaker alternative method). The authors provide key messages regarding in whom to consider the diagnosis, terms to be abandoned, when to refer to an asthma specialist and the initial management strategy. Finally, dissemination plans and priority areas for research are identified.     

The effect of lithium on growth factor production in long-term bone marrow cultures

We have previously reported that lithium chloride (LiCl) stimulates the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC), pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S), and differentiated granulocytes, macrophages and megakaryocytes in murine Dexter marrow cultures and that this effect appears to be mediated indirectly by a radioresistant adherent marrow cell. In this study we have established that exposure of murine Dexter cultures to LiCl (4 mEq/L) causes an increase of colony-forming cell megakaryocytes (CFU-meg) over 1 to 6 weeks of culture in both supernatant (188% to 611%) and stromal phases (123% to 246%). Moreover, we have shown that lithium treatment of either irradiated (1,100 rad) or unirradiated stromal cells increased production of activities stimulating formation of megakaryocyte, granulocyte, macrophage, and mixed lineage colonies and proliferation of the factor-dependent cell line, FDC-P1. This FDC-P1 stimulatory activity was completely blocked by an antibody to purified recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rGM-CSF). The baseline or lithium-induced--stromal-derived bone marrow colony stimulating activity was partially blocked by the antibody to rGM-CSF and by an antibody to purified colony stimulating factor I (CSF-1); the two antibodies combined resulted in greater than 90% inhibition of the lithium-induced marrow stimulatory activity. In addition, radioimmunoassay (RIA) showed that although CSF-1 was detectable in supernatants of these cultures, exposure to lithium did not increase CSF-1 levels. These data indicate that Dexter stromal cells produce CSF- 1 and GM-CSF and that lithium appears to exert its stimulatory effects on in vitro myelopoiesis by inducing production of GM-CSF.     

急性阑尾炎多层螺旋CT扫描征象与血清炎性标志物的相关性研究

目的探讨急性阑尾炎多层螺旋CT征象与血清炎性标志物的关系。方法收集2012年1月至2013年12月于同济大学附属杨浦医院经手术病理证实的具有完整临床及影像资料的急性阑尾炎患者66例,对所有患者的急性阑尾病变程度行CT分级,分析其与患者白细胞(WBC)计数、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)及血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的相关性。结果急性阑尾炎CT分级与患者WBC计数与CRP水平呈正相关(P0.05),穿孔性阑尾炎患者NEUT%及CRP水平明显高于其他患者。CRP水平与阑尾直径、阑尾积液、回盲部变化、阑尾周围炎性条纹、小肠积液呈正相关(P0.05),WBC计数与回盲部变化及阑尾周围炎性条纹呈正相关(P0.05)。结论WBC计数及CRP水平与急性阑尾炎CT分级有关,CRP对急性阑尾炎的诊断及其严重程度的判断更有优势;CRP、NEUT%是穿孔性阑尾炎的重要预测因子,WBC可以更好地发现早期阑尾周围的炎性反应,综合分析CT表现与血清炎性标志物能更准确地诊断急性阑尾炎。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/硫酸钙复合人工骨顺铂缓释系统注射液的制备与研究

目的研制可注射α-CSH-nano-HA/PHBV-PEG顺铂释药系统,为骨转移瘤提供新型的局部药物缓释系统。方法α-CSH-nano-HA/PHBV-PEG载顺铂制成可注射用α-CSH-nano-HA/PHBV-PEG cis-platinum缓释微球,研究其结构、释药特性、可注射性以及力学性能。结果(1)第1、3、5、7天缓释微球的释药浓度分别为97.5、90.7、83.2、68.5μg/mL,第7天后趋于稳定。(2)可注射α-CSH-nano-HA/PHBV-PEG顺铂释药系统在液固比为0.7时可注射性强,与此同时缓释药系统随着液固比的增大凝固时间延长。结论α-CSH-nano-HA/PHBVPEG顺铂释药系统具有良好的注射性能和缓释作用。     

定量三维彩色多普勒超声联合血清β-HCG检查对胎盘功能低下的诊断

目的 评估定量三维彩色能量多普勒超声(three-dimensional color power Doppler ultrasound,3D-CPD)联合β-HCG检查对胎盘功能低下的诊断价值.方法 选择2012年5月至2014年3月在昆明医科大学第四附属医院接受产检的产妇368例,利用GE公司E8三维超声系统对胎盘的血管化指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)和血管化-血流指数(VFI)进行测量,同时利用化学发光法测定β-HCG水平.并存产后记录新生儿体长、体重和生命体征综合评分(Apgar评分).结果 产后共有58例新生儿体重＜2 500 g,为观察组,另外3 10例新生儿体重＞2 500 g,为对照组.对照组VI、FI和VFI分别为(12.5±5.6)、(47.2±3.3)和(9.0±2.6),观察组为(10.2±4.8)、(40.6±4.1)和(4.2±1.7),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组β-HCG水平为(29453.0±229.5) mIU/mL,中位数≥2.5 mom,对照组β-HCG水平为(8 442.6±47.2) mIU/mL,中位数＜2.5mom,观察组β-HCG水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);新生儿基本情况相比,观察组新生儿体长、体重和Apgar评分明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 3D-CPD联合β-HCG检查对胎盘功能异常具有重要的诊断价值,有利于围产期了解胎盘功能及估计胎儿预后.     

The Role of Exercise and Physical Activity in Weight Loss and Maintenance

This review explores the role of physical activity (PA) and exercise training (ET) in the prevention of weight gain, initial weight loss, weight maintenance, and the obesity paradox. In particular, we will focus the discussion on the expected initial weight loss from different ET programs, and explore intensity/volume relationships. Based on the present literature, unless the overall volume of aerobic ET is very high, clinically significant weight loss is unlikely to occur. Also, ET also has an important role in weight regain after initial weight loss. Overall, aerobic ET programs consistent with public health recommendations may promote up to modest weight loss (~ 2 kg), however the weight loss on an individual level is highly heterogeneous. Clinicians should educate their patients on reasonable expectations of weight loss based on their physical activity program and emphasize that numerous health benefits occur from PA programs in the absence of weight loss.