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111.
Swathi Kiran 《Aphasiology》2013,27(2):231-261
Background: Edmonds and Kiran (2006 Edmonds, L. and Kiran, S. 2006. Effect of semantic based treatment on cross linguistic generalisation in bilingual aphasia.. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 49: 729748. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]) reported that training lexical retrieval in one language resulted in within‐language and cross‐language generalisation in three bilingual (English–Spanish) patients with aphasia.

Aims: The present experiment continues this line of research, repeating a similar procedure with new patients and examining a broader range of factors that may affect generalisation patterns.

Methods & Procedures: Four participants (two Spanish–English and two French–English speakers) with anomia post CVA received a semantic feature‐based treatment aimed at improving naming of English or Spanish/French nouns. Using a multiple baseline design, generalisation to untrained semantically related and unrelated items in each language was measured during periods of therapy first in one language, then in the other.

Outcomes & Results: All patients improved their naming of the trained items in the trained language, although to varying degrees. Within‐language generalisation to semantically related items occurred in two Spanish–English patients and one French–English patient. Cross‐language generalisation to translations and semantically related items occurred only for one French–English patient.

Conclusions: The impact of the intervention is very clear. The semantic feature‐based practice is linked to the gains made, and accounts for the predominance of semantic naming errors after treatment. Possible explanations for the different patterns of generalisation are considered in terms of the various factors including each patient's pre‐stroke language proficiency, age of acquisition of each language, post‐stroke level of language impairment, and type and severity of aphasia.  相似文献   
112.
A predictive model based on first principles calculations has been proposed to study the solid–liquid equilibria comprising of metal complexes and ionic liquids. The model is based on first principle COSMO calculation followed by post statistical thermodynamical treatment of self-consistent properties of solute and solvent molecules. The metal complex and ionic liquid have been treated as a simple binary mixture. The ionic liquid has been treated here as a single intact molecule. The experimentally observed dual-solute relationship between the ionic liquid and redox active species in presence of a third organic solvent has been established using our model in this work. Within the model, the dual-solute relationship appeared as a simple Gibbs–Duhem relationship between these two species at ambient condition. The dual-solute relationship between the metal complex (V(acac)3, Cr(acac)3 and Mn(acac)3) and ionic liquid ([Tea][BF4]) has been validated by calculating the Gibbs–Duhem relationship, xsolutevs. xsolvent(IL) and 1/γsolutevs. xsolvent(IL) plots. The present model has been applied to a set of ionic liquids, metal complexes and organic solvent (acetonitrile) for which experimental study has been done. The solvation mechanism of the metal complexes in those ionic liquids was obtained using the model. According to our findings, the ionic liquid containing imidazolium cation and [NTf2] anion is appeared as a suitable solvent for the non-aqueous redox flow cell. We have compared our results with the already reported experimental results where they were available for the non-aqueous solvents.

A predictive model based on first principles calculations has been proposed to study the solid–liquid equilibria comprising of metal complexes and ionic liquids.  相似文献   
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Background

The Close Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUES test) is a low cost shoulder functional test that could be considered as a complementary and objective clinical outcome for shoulder performance evaluation. However, its reliability was tested only in recreational athletes’ males and there are no studies comparing scores between sedentary and active samples. The purpose was to examine inter and intrasession reliability of CKCUES Test for samples of sedentary male and female with (SIS), for samples of sedentary healthy male and female, and for male and female samples of healthy upper extremity sport specific recreational athletes. Other purpose was to compare scores within sedentary and within recreational athletes samples of same gender.

Methods

A sample of 108 subjects with and without SIS was recruited. Subjects were tested twice, seven days apart. Each subject performed four test repetitions, with 45 seconds of rest between them. The last three repetitions were averaged and used to statistical analysis. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ICC2,1 was used to assess intrasession reliability of number of touches score and ICC2,3 was used to assess intersession reliability of number of touches, normalized score, and power score. Test scores within groups of same gender also were compared. Measurement error was determined by calculating the Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM) and Minimum detectable change (MDC) for all scores.

Results

The CKCUES Test showed excellent intersession reliability for scores in all samples. Results also showed excellent intrasession reliability of number of touches for all samples. Scores were greater in active compared to sedentary, with exception of power score. All scores were greater in active compared to sedentary and SIS males and females. SEM ranged from 1.45 to 2.76 touches (based on a 95% CI) and MDC ranged from 2.05 to 3.91(based on a 95% CI) in subjects with and without SIS. At least three touches are needed to be considered a real improvement on CKCUES Test scores.

Conclusion

Results suggest CKCUES Test is a reliable tool to evaluate upper extremity functional performance for sedentary, for upper extremity sport specific recreational, and for sedentary males and females with SIS.  相似文献   
117.
NiMoS2 nanoparticles supported on carbon, synthesized by a microemulsion method were used as a nanocatalyst for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of a lignin model compound – guaiacol. Two types of carbon supports – mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) and activated carbon (AC) with a predominantly microporous structure, were studied to investigate the role of porosity and nature of the porous structure in catalyst activity. The activity of NiMoS2/AC resulted in the complete guaiacol conversion at 13 h of reaction time to produce phenol (31.5 mol%) and cyclohexane (35.7 mol%) as the two main products. Contrastingly, NiMoS2/CMK-3 needed a much lesser reaction time (6 h) to attain a similar conversion of guaiacol but gave different selectivities of phenol (25 mol%) and cyclohexane (55.5 mol%). Increased cyclohexane production with NiMoS2/CMK-3 implied better deoxygenation of MoS2 and enhanced hydrogenation capacity of Ni since phenol is a partially deoxygenated product of guaiacol while cyclohexane is a completely deoxygenated and hydrogenated product. The superior catalytic activity and deoxygenating behavior of NiMoS2/CMK-3 catalysts could be attributed to the organized mesoporosity of the CMK-3 support in relation to the improved active phase distribution and access to active sites that facilitate the conversion of the reaction''s product. Recyclability study implied NiMoS2/CMK-3 was more stable without significant changes in the catalytic activity even after three reaction cycles.

NiMoS2 nanoparticles supported on carbon, synthesized by a microemulsion method were used as a nanocatalyst for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of a lignin model compound – guaiacol.  相似文献   
118.
Reduced mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow (BM) and impaired EPC recruitment into the wound represent a fundamental deficiency in the chronic ulcers. However, mechanistic understanding of the role of BM‐derived EPCs in cutaneous wound neovascularization and healing remains incomplete, which impedes development of EPC‐based wound healing therapies. The objective of this study was to determine the role of EPCs in wound neovascularization and healing both under normal conditions and using single deficiency (EPC) or double‐deficiency (EPC + diabetes) models of wound healing. MMP9 knockout (MMP9 KO) mouse model was utilized, where impaired EPC mobilization can be rescued by stem cell factor (SCF). The hypotheses were: (1) MMP9 KO mice exhibit impaired wound neovascularization and healing, which are further exacerbated with diabetes; (2) these impairments can be rescued by SCF administration. Full‐thickness excisional wounds with silicone splints to minimize contraction were created on MMP9 KO mice with/without streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in the presence or absence of tail‐vein injected SCF. Wound morphology, vascularization, inflammation, and EPC mobilization and recruitment were quantified at day 7 postwounding. Results demonstrate no difference in wound closure and granulation tissue area between any groups. MMP9 deficiency significantly impairs wound neovascularization, increases inflammation, decreases collagen deposition, and decreases peripheral blood EPC (pb‐EPC) counts when compared with wild‐type (WT). Diabetes further increases inflammation, but does not cause further impairment in vascularization, as compared with MMP9 KO group. SCF improves neovascularization and increases EPCs to WT levels (both nondiabetic and diabetic MMP9 KO groups), while exacerbating inflammation in all groups. SCF rescues EPC‐deficiency and impaired wound neovascularization in both diabetic and nondiabetic MMP9 KO mice. Overall, the results demonstrate that BM‐derived EPCs play a significant role during wound neovascularization and that the SCF‐based therapy with controlled inflammation could be a viable approach to enhance healing in chronic diabetic wounds.  相似文献   
119.
The impact of pepsin on the maintenance of supersaturated solution of the HCl salt of a weakly basic drug was evaluated in simulated gastric fluid by monitoring the drug solubility in the absence and presence of pepsin. In the presence of pepsin, the HCl salt maintained its apparent solubility through 24?h, whereas, no such solubility advantage was seen in the absence of pepsin. Consequently, a minimum inhibitory concentration of pepsin is required for maintenance of supersaturation. In addition, NMR study seems to indicate a molecular level interaction between pepsin and HCl salt leading to a weak binding between the two. Therefore, for the HCl salts of weak bases having disproportionation potential, it is preferred that preformulation solubility studies are conducted in the presence of pepsin to reflect their in vivo behavior in maintaining supersaturation solubility.  相似文献   
120.
Type I IFNs are used for treating viral, neoplastic, and inflammatory disorders. The protein products encoded by IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) likely mediate clinical effects of IFN in patients. Macroarray assays, used for studying ISG induction in IFN-treated patients, comprise genes identified predominantly through analysis of long-term cell lines. To discover genes induced selectively by IFN-beta in PBMC, we exposed whole blood to physiological concentrations of IFN-beta. PBMC were prepared, and RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed, and hybridized to cDNA microarrays, and microarray analysis identified 39 ISGs and 20 IFN-repressed genes (IRGs). Thirty-three ISGs were known previously, and six ISGs were novel. New ISGs included GTP cyclohydrolase 1; hypothetical protein LOC129607; hypothetical protein FLJ38348; leucine aminopeptidase 3; squalene epoxidase; and GTP-binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle. Twenty IRGs included IL-1beta and CXCL8, which had been identified earlier. CXCL1 was a novel IRG identified in the current study. PCR analysis demonstrated the regulation of six novel ISGs and CXCL1 as an IRG in PBMC and astrocytoma cells. Results were validated using RNA obtained ex vivo from blood of patients after injection with IFN-beta. Identification of new ISGs and IRGs in primary PBMC will enhance macroarray assays for monitoring IFN responsiveness.  相似文献   
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