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81.
Mahesh C. Gupta Manjusha Mehrotra Sunita Arora Meenakshi Saran 《Indian journal of pediatrics》1991,58(2):269-274
Severely malnourished children (26), weight for age 55.27±3.17, were identified in a colony of predominantly Muslim urban
slum dwellers of low economic status. An equal number of normally nourished children matched for age, sex and per capita income
were identified. A strong relation was found between nutritional status of the subjects and educational level of their mothers
(P<0.025). Father's education was unrelated to childrens' nutritional status. A thirty seven point questionnaire was administered
to the mothers to record their nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP). Analysis revealed that better KAP in
relation to 16 of these 37 questions was not associated with better nutritional status. Seven questions were found to have
only a weak association. The remaining 14 questions were identified as important for a nutrition education programme. Comparison
of nutritional KAP score based on these 14 questions in case of mothers of normal and severely malnourished children revealed
a significantly higher score in the former. Questions related to growth monitoring and breast feeding were not found to be
important. No significant association was found between mothers' KAP and educational level. It is concluded that (i) Maternal education and KAP are significantly and independently associated with childrens' nutritional status. (ii) The content areas of knowledge, attitudes and practices significantly associated with nutritional status pertain to nutritional
requirements of children, nutritional value of foods, immunisation, hygiene, oral rehydration and diarrhea. 相似文献
82.
83.
This study presents a cross-sectional examination of the independent contribution of pubertal maturation timing to heterosexual activity among Chinese adolescents. A standardized self-administered questionnaire was designed to obtain information on a spectrum of physical heterosexual behaviors from dating to sexual intercourse, age at first nocturnal ejaculation in boys, age at menarche in girls, and several psychosocial variables that might be associated with sexual behavior in adolescents. A total of 4,116 students aged from 14 to 18 years (2,175 boys and 1,941 girls) were recruited in the Youth Sexuality Survey of the Hong Kong Family Planning Association in 1996–97. When groups were defined as early, average, and late maturers, among boys, early maturers were youngest to report dating and to have sexual intercourse, followed by average and late maturers. Among girls, late maturers were slower to date and have sexual intercourse, but early maturers showed no difference from average maturers. Age of maturation was significantly lower for those reporting all heterosexual behaviors for both sexes. Our findings illustrate culture's moderation of the expression of biological differences. 相似文献
84.
Kagan-Krieger S Selby P Vohra S Koren G 《Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)》2002,37(6):613-617
- AIMS: Turner syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy that occurs as a result of a non-disjunctional error in meiosis I or anaphase lag; however, the aetiology of this disorder remains unknown. Anecdotal evidence suggests that paternal alcoholism may play an unidentified role in the aetiology of TS. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study was to determine the potential association between paternal alcohol exposure and TS. METHODS: The questionnaire was designed to solicit information about the parents' health and lifestyle habits occurring 1 year prior to and throughout the pregnancy of their daughter with TS. Alcohol dependence was assessed by the Brief Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (BMAST). The study population was solicited from the Turner's Syndrome Society of Canada and included any parent(s) having a child with TS who was of any age. Two hundred and twelve families completed and returned the survey. RESULTS: This provided a response rate of 86.5%. Six of the fathers (3.6%; n = 166) and six of the mothers (3.6%; n = 165) had scores of 5 or more on the BMAST (scores of 5+ are considered to be in the 'alcoholic range'). This is considerably lower than the population norm of 9.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study has suggested there is no association between paternal or maternal alcohol consumption and TS. 相似文献
85.
We used specific antibodies against two postsynaptic density proteins, GRIP (glutamate receptor interacting protein) and ABP (AMPA receptor-binding protein), to study their distribution in the rat retina. In the central nervous system, it has been shown that both proteins bind strongly to the AMPA glutamate receptor (GluR) 2/3 subunits, but not other GluRs, through a set of three PDZ domains. Western blots detected a single GRIP protein that was virtually identical in retina and brain, whereas retinal ABP corresponded to only one of three ABP peptides found in brain. The retinal distributions of GluR2/3, GRIP, and ABP immunoreactivity (IR) were similar but not identical. GluR2/3 immunoreactivity (IR) was abundant in both plexiform layers and in large perikarya. ABP IR was concentrated in large perikarya but was sparse in the plexiform layers, whereas GRIP IR was relatively more abundant in the plexiform layers than in perikarya. Immunolabel for these three antibodies consisted of puncta < or = 0.2 microm in diameter. The cellular localization of GRIP and ABP IR was examined by double labeling subclasses of retinal neuron with characteristic marker proteins, e.g., calbindin. GRIP, ABP, and GluR2/3 IR were detected in horizontal cells, dopaminergic and glycinergic AII amacrine cells and large ganglion cells. Immunolabel was absent in rod bipolar and weak or absent in cholinergic amacrine cells. By using the tyramide method of signal amplification, a colocalization of GluR2/3 was found with either GRIP or ABP in horizontal cell terminals, and perikarya of amacrine and ganglion cells. Our results show that ABP and GRIP colocalize with GluR2/3 in particular subsets of retinal neuron, as was previously established for certain neurons in the brain. 相似文献
86.
87.
Sunita Agarwal Vibhuti Mohanta Rekha Harshvardhan S. P. Srivastava 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2006,58(4):358-359
Malignancy of the larynx is a large group of malignancies in our country. The advanced stage of laryngeal carcinoma requires total laryngectomy which results in loss of speech along with other psychological and functional damages. Following total laryngectomy, tracheo-oesophageal voice prosthesis offers the most reliable form of voice rehabilitation. At S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur 25 patient underwent speech rehabilitation with voice prosthesis between Dec. 2001 to Dec. 2003. Speech rehabilitation was successful in all patients with few problem associated with indwelling prosthesis. 相似文献
88.
Singh Avninder Amar Bhatnagar Usha Agrawal Sunita Saxena 《Journal of gastrointestinal cancer》2006,37(2-3):98-101
Metastatic tumors of the spleen are rare and occur in the presence of disseminated visceral metastasis. Isolated splenic metastases from colorectal carcinoma are rare and only 19 cases have been reported in English literature. We report a case of isolated splenic metastasis in a 52-year-old man, occurring 9 years after the primary colorectal mucinous carcinoma was treated by anterior resection. The patient underwent splenectomy along with adjuvant chemotherapy and is alive and asymptomatic at 22 months follow-up. 相似文献
89.
Morphologic Studies of the Placenta and Autopsy Findings in Neonatal-onset Glutaric Acidemia Type II
Igor I. Slukvin M Shahriar Salamat Sunita Chandra 《Pediatric and developmental pathology》2002,5(3):315-321
A case of neonatal-onset glutaric acidemia type II with electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF) deficiency is presented. The
morphological pattern of disease in the male infant included hypospadias, cryptorchidism, bilateral 13 ribs, nuclear cataract,
cystic dysplasia of kidneys, lipid accumulation in the liver and renal tubular epithelium, and immature brain with white matter
gliosis. The morphologic examination of the placenta revealed features of delayed maturation, including large-for-gestational-age
size and abundant immature intermediate villi with cellular syncytiotrophoblast, persistent villous cytotrophoblast, and decreased
syncytial knots. In addition, immature intermediate villi showed exaggeration of lacunar interstitial spaces consistent with
nonhydropic villous edema. Marked lipid accumulation was seen within extravillous trophoblasts of placental septa and cell
islands. Light lipid accumulation was also noted within fibroblasts of stem villi. These findings suggest that in glutaric
acidemia type II, fatty acid oxidation could also be affected in the placenta. 相似文献
90.
A long-term goal of pharmacogenomic research is the design of individualized therapy based on the genomic sequence of the patient in order to maximize response and minimize adverse drug reactions. Identifying genetic variants that predict drug response is challenging because drug responses reflect not only properties intrinsic to the target cell, but also host metabolic factors. One model that is currently being employed to study genotype-phenotype correlations involves the use of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These cell lines have been used to identify genetic variation that influences response or susceptibility to cancer, radiation, transport, cytotoxicity, and variation in global gene expression. LCLs, particularly those derived from large pedigrees, are a valuable resource for identifying candidate genes and have potential for studies of many relevant phenotypes. This paper highlights studies that have utilized Centre d' Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) and non-CEPH cell lines derived from humans for pharmacogenetic studies, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with this approach. 相似文献