Study of two different thin film coating methods in transmission laser micro-joining of thin Ti-film coated glass and polyimide for biomedical applications

Biomedical devices and implants require precision joining for hermetic sealing which can be achieved with low power lasers. The effect of two different thin metal film coating methods was studied in transmission laser micro-joints of titanium-coated glass and polyimide. The coating methods were cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CA-PVD) and electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD). Titanium-coated glass joined to polyimide film can have neural electrode application. The improvement of the joint quality will be essential for robust performance of the device. Low power fiber laser (wave length = 1100 nm) was used for transmission laser micro-joining of thin titanium (Ti) film (～200 nm) coated Pyrex borosilicate 7740 glass wafer (0.5 mm thick) and polyimide (Imidex) film (0.2 mm thick). Ti film acts as the coupling agent in the joining process. The Ti film deposition rate in the CA-PVD was 5–10 Å /s and in the EB-PVD 1.5 Å /s. The laser joint strength was measured by a lap shear test, the Ti film surfaces were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the lap shear tested joints were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The film properties and the failure modes of the joints were correlated to joint strength. The CA-PVD produced around 4 times stronger laser joints than EB-PVD. The adhesion of the Ti film on glass by CA-PVD is better than that of the EB-PVD method. This is likely to be due to a higher film deposition rate and consequently higher adhesion or sticking coefficient for the CA-PVD particles arriving on the substrate compared to that of the EB-PVD film. EB-PVD shows poor laser bonding properties due to the development of thermal hotspots which occurs from film decohesion.     

SYNCHRONOUS COLONIC TUMOURS OF DUAL PATHOLOGY

Synchronous colonic tumours of dual pathology are extremely rare. A review of the literature revealed that few cases have been reported to date. Because of their rarity and lack of specific symptoms, preoperative diagnosis is not easy and there is no protocol as yet for the ideal management of these cases. We present such a case which was treated by a combination of surgery and chemotherapy.     

Growth and Investigation of Annealing Effects on Ternary Cd1−xMgxO Nanocomposit Thin Films

Thin films of Cd_1−xMg_xO (CdMgO) (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were investigated by depositing the films on glass substrates using the co-evaporation technique. The structural, surface morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of these films were studied as a function of Mg content after annealing at 350 °C. The XRD analysis showed that the deposited films had an amorphous nature. The grain size of the films reduced as the Mg concentration increased, as evidenced by the surface morphology, and EDAX supported the existence of Mg content. It was observed that as the films were annealed, the transmittance of the CdMgO films saw an increase of up to 85%. The blue shift of the absorption edge was observed by the increase of Mg content, which was useful for enhancing the efficiency of solar cells. The optical band gap increased from 2.45 to 6.02 eV as the Mg content increased. With increased Mg content, the refractive index reduced from 2.49 to 1.735, and electrical resistivity increased from 535 Ω cm to 1.57 × 10⁶ Ω cm.     

Evaluation of goat blood as substitute for sheep blood in Modified Thayer-Martin agar medium for culture and isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Modified Thayer-Martin (MTM) medium containing goat blood (MTMGB) and sheep blood (MTMSB) was compared for culture of N. gonorrhoeae. Evaluation of 252 endocervical specimens and quantitative culture of 10 strains revealed no significant difference in isolation and growth. MTMGB can be a suitable and cost-effective alternative for MTMSB.     

波依定治疗老年原发性高血压136例

0 引言高血压病是一种常见病和多发病,是心脑血管发病的重要危险因素,在我国其患病率仍呈上升趋势,严重威胁着人们的健康[1,2]. 我们对原发性高血压患者予以波依定(Plendil,即非洛地平缓释片,Felodipine extended release tablet)治疗,疗效满意.     

A systematic review of epidemiological studies investigating risk factors for work-related road traffic crashes and injuries

OBJECTIVE: To critically appraise the published evidence for risk factors for injuries and deaths relating to work-related road traffic crashes. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases searched included Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Transport database, and the Australian Transport and Road Index (ATRI) database. Additional searches included websites of relevant organizations, reference lists of included studies, and issues of major injury journals published within the past 5 years. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they investigated work-related traffic crashes or related injuries or deaths as the outcome, measured any potential risk factor for work-related road traffic crash as an exposure, included a relevant comparison group, and were written in English. METHODS: Included studies were critically appraised using the GATE-lite critical appraisal form (www.epiq.co.nz). Meta-analysis was not attempted because of the heterogeneity of the included studies. FINDINGS: Of 25 studies identified, three of four robust (case-control and case-crossover) studies found an increased injury risk (i) among workers after extended shifts, (ii) for tractor-trailers with brake and steering defects, and (iii) for "double configuration" trucks. The fourth study showed that alcohol and drug use were not risk factors in an industry with a random testing policy. The best cross-sectional studies showed associations between injury and sleepiness, time spent driving, occupational stress, non-insulin-dependent uncomplicated diabetes, and use of narcotics and antihistamines. CONCLUSIONS: Modifiable behavioral and vehicle-related risk factors are likely to contribute to work-related traffic injury. Fatigue and sleepiness-the most commonly researched topics-were consistently associated with increased risk.