早期大剂量纳洛酮对弥漫性轴索损伤患者β淀粉样前体蛋白的影响

目的观察早期大剂量纳洛酮对弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)患者血浆β淀粉样前体蛋白(β-APP)的影响。方法经头颅CT及MRI检查诊断为DAI的56例患者纳入本研究。将患者随机分为对照组、小剂量治疗组及大剂量治疗组,分别为18、19、19例。对照组给予常规治疗,小剂量、大剂量治疗组在常规治疗基础上,分别按0.1、0.4mg.kg-1.d-1的剂量给予纳洛酮治疗。采用Western blot检测3组患者治疗前后血浆β-APP浓度。结果治疗后1、3、7d,3组患者血清中β-APP含量较治疗前均有统计学意义(F=0.131,P=0.010)。治疗后1d,3组患者血清中β-APP含量间差异均无统计学意义(F=0.570,P=0.612);治疗后3、7d,3组患者血清中β-APP含量间差异均有统计学意义(F=1.820,1.460;P=0.012,0.000)。结论早期大剂量纳洛酮可有效降低DAI患者血清中β-APP的表达。     

Recognition of moyamoya disease and its hemorrhagic risk using deep learning algorithms:sourced from retrospective studies

Although intracranial hemorrhage in moyamoya disease can occur repeatedly, predicting the disease is difficult. Deep learning algorithms developed in recent years provide a new angle for identifying hidden risk factors, evaluating the weight of different factors, and quantitatively evaluating the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in moyamoya disease. To investigate whether convolutional neural network algorithms can be used to recognize moyamoya disease and predict hemorrhagic episodes, we retrospectively selected 460 adult unilateral hemispheres with moyamoya vasculopathy as positive samples for diagnosis modeling, including 418 hemispheres with moyamoya disease and 42 hemispheres with moyamoya syndromes. Another 500 hemispheres with normal vessel appearance were selected as negative samples. We used deep residual neural network(Res Net-152) algorithms to extract features from raw data obtained from digital subtraction angiography of the internal carotid artery, then trained and validated the model. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model in identifying unilateral moyamoya vasculopathy were 97.64 ± 0.87%, 96.55 ± 3.44%, and 98.29 ± 0.98%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.990. We used a combined multi-view conventional neural network algorithm to integrate age, sex, and hemorrhagic factors with features of the digital subtraction angiography. The accuracy of the model in predicting unilateral hemorrhagic risk was 90.69 ± 1.58% and the sensitivity and specificity were 94.12 ± 2.75% and 89.86 ± 3.64%, respectively. The deep learning algorithms we proposed were valuable and might assist in the automatic diagnosis of moyamoya disease and timely recognition of the risk for re-hemorrhage. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China(approved No. 2014-278) on January 12, 2015.     

Managing the ‘picky eater’ dilemma

Picky eating is a common cause of concern for parents of young children. Paediatricians and family physicians are in a key position to help parents learn ways to feed their children effectively. Despite the high prevalence of picky eating, the growth of the majority of picky eaters does not suffer adversely. In the absence of worrying signs and symptoms, reassurance of the child’s normal growth would help allay parental anxieties. Reinforcement of basic feeding principles and providing healthy dietary advice are important strategies to help parents manage children who are picky eaters.     

老年吸入性肺炎的临床特点分析

目的探讨老年吸入性肺炎的临床特征及防治对策,提高救治率。方法选择天津市红桥医院脑系科及ICU收治的80例老年吸入性肺炎患者,回顾性分析其合并基础疾病情况、发病机制、临床表现、病原学检查及预防治疗措施、转归情况。结果老年吸入性肺炎患者多合并有慢性基础疾病,其中合并神经系统疾病居首位。临床主要表现为精神萎糜、意识障碍30例(占37.50%),其他包括发热、咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困难、休克等,双肺可闻及干湿性啰音58例(占72.50%),痰培养阳性54例(占67.50%),多为革兰阴性杆菌(如大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌)、厌氧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌等,且多为厌氧菌和需氧菌混合感染;80例患者中治愈18例,好转47例,死亡15例,死亡率为18.75%,死亡病例均合并3种及以上基础疾病。结论老年吸入性肺炎临床表现不典型,合并症多,死亡率高,应积极防治,宜采用降阶梯疗法并根据病原学检测及药敏结果合理选择抗菌药物治疗。     

内皮素-NADPH氧化酶途径和心肌钙调控蛋白：心律失常和心衰治疗药物的新靶点

心肌雷诺定受体2是一种心肌细胞钙释放通道,对心肌Ca2＋循环起着至关重要的作用。该受体的功能受心肌钙调控蛋白FKBP12.6、SERCA2a和CASQ2等的影响,而此类蛋白的表达又与内皮素-NADPH氧化酶（ET-NOX）途径有关。ET-NOX途径和心肌钙调控蛋白的异常均会导致心律失常和心衰。因此,ET-NOX途径中各成员以及心肌钙调控蛋白有可能成为治疗心律失常和心衰的新靶标。综述了心肌钙调控蛋白和ET-NOX途径在正常心肌兴奋收缩耦联过程及病理过程中的作用,并介绍了相关的在研抗心律失常药物。     

聚醚醚酮支架对All-on-4远中倾斜种植体应力影响的三维有限元分析

目的 应用三维有限元法对比分析聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone,PEEK)支架和钛支架对All-on-4远中倾斜种植体应力的影响.方法 提取无牙颌患者下颌骨CBCT数据建模,通过三维扫描、三维重建获取修复体及种植体模型,在ANSYS软件中分析两种支架材料在不同咬合力和加载位点下对远中种植体、骨组织、修复体应力的影响.结果 PEEK支架的骨组织等效应力峰值和钛支架无明显差异.对于种植体,在双侧前磨牙、第一磨牙均加力时PEEK支架应力增加,仅在双侧前磨牙加力时PEEK应力减小;PEEK支架本身应力较钛减小,修复体树脂部分应力增大.结论 在本实验条件下,PEEK取得了和钛相近的力学表现,有望成为All-on-4永久修复体支架材料.     

High-dose versus standard-dose daunorubicin in induction therapy for young patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia: a meta-analysis of randomised trials

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose versus standard-dose daunorubicin for young patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) using meta-analysis.

Methods: Two trials were taken from 2,481 full-text articles. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² index. Quality assessment was performed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk-of-bias tool.

Results: The analysis showed that high-dose daunorubicin induction therapy was associated with higher complete remission (CR) rate (n?=?965; RR?=?1.80; 95% CI?=?1.36–2.38; p?I^2?=?0%) and improved overall survival (n?=?1040; HR?=?0.74; 95% CI?=?0.63–0.87; p?=?0.0003; I^2?=?0%) compared with standard-dose daunorubicin. However, there was no significant interaction between treatment efficacy and prognostic category based on cytogenetics (favourable, intermediate and unfavourable) (p?=?0.44, I^2?=?0%).

Conclusion: High-dose daunorubicin therapy could increase CR rate and improve long-term outcome for young patients with de novo AML. However, further study is needed to identify those who can benefit from high-dose daunorubicin.