公共产品价格机制及价格约束分析

公共产品涉及千家万户的切身利益，近10多年来，部分公共产品价格变化又多以超过国民经济发展速度提高，怎样正确认识和判断其价格的合理性，具有十分重要的现实意义。本文分析了我国公共产品的价格类型，定价机制，阐明了我国公共产品的价格约束制度构建的主要内容，希望为政府及相关部门工作提供有益的帮助。     

美国医疗器械上市前监管概述与启示

美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)经过多年发展和改革,已形成了成熟的上市前监管体系。本文通过对FDA上市批准路径(上市前批准、上市前通告、人道主义用器械豁免)和申报流程进行系统介绍,总结了加强事前沟通、降低产品风险等级和设立实质审查程序三个方面的启示,希望我国监管机构能充分吸收美国FDA对于医疗器械监管的经验和教训,建立适合中国国情的医疗器械监管体系,确保公众用器械安全。     

An Analytic Model of Subminiature Auditory Sensation System for Sound Source Localization

It is reported that some types of insects have a remarkable ability to detect the direction of an incident sound even though its acoustic sensory organs are in very close proximity each other. Maybe the ears are jointed by a cuticular structure with which the separated motions can be coupled mechanically and thus be magnified. In this paper, a detailed model is setup to describe the principle of this type of localization using a mechanical coupled structure. The transfer functions and the responses of the model in terms of time and frequency are analyzed to describe the mechanism of its ability of directional hearing. This analytical model provides a method to design the experimental model for the predetermined incident sound pressure, and the analysis of this model shows that this structure have the ability to determine the direction of the incident stimulus.     

Nonhuman primates express human leukemia-associated antigens

Serologic studies using four murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and five monoclonal antibodies specific for the gp24 surface antigen indicate that these leukemia-associated antigens are present on cells of comparable tissues in man and in four nonhuman primates. As in man, adherent cell populations obtained from skin, lung, and bone marrow of Macaca fascicularis, M mulatta, M nemestrina, and Papio cynocephalus react with these antibodies. Similarly, granulocytes from both man and these nonhuman primates bind CALLA- and gp24-specific antibodies. Radioimmune precipitation experiments confirm the identity of these antigens. Our studies suggest that nonhuman primates can be used to screen serologic reagents to leukemia-associated antigens for potential toxic effects on normal tissues prior to their use in man. Similarly, nonhuman primates could be employed to assess the possible role of antigen-positive stromal cells in the reconstitution of bone marrow following transplantation.     

骨质疏松症中医体质与辨证分型的相关性研究——附300例临床分析

目的 探讨骨质疏松症中医体质与辨证分型之间的相关性。方法 按照中西医诊断标准,将确诊的骨质疏松症患者进行中医体质分类与中医辨证分型的临床研究,找出其相关性与规律性,并进行总结。 结果 对300例患者进行中医辨证分型发现脾胃气虚证最多,占总病例数的23.00%,其次为肝肾不足证,占22.00%,以后依次为肾阳虚证、肾阴虚证、气血不足证、血瘀证、骨痿证、肝气郁结证、痰湿证、湿热证;在9种体质分类中阴虚质发病率排在第一位,其次为气虚质,以后依次为阳虚质、血瘀质、特禀质、平和质、痰湿质、湿热质与气郁质。结论 提示9种中医体质中阴虚质与气虚质发病率较高, 辨证分型中发病率较高的2个证型是脾胃气虚型与肝肾阴虚型。说明了体质类型与OP发病率有密切的相关性。     

亚低温治疗特重型颅脑损伤疗效观察

目的:探讨亚低温对特重型颅脑损伤患者的疗效。方法:将70例特重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为实验组(亚低温组)和对照组(常规手术组)。实验组在常规治疗的基础上在给予亚低温治疗,每组35例,并比较两组的临床疗效。结果:实验组恢复良好率37.14%明显高于对照组11.43%,死亡率25.71%明显低于对照组42.86%,(P<0.05)。结论:在常规治疗的基础上加用亚低温疗法治疗特重型颅脑损伤可以明显改善患者的预后。     

Immunohistochemical localization of membrane and alpha-granule proteins in human megakaryocytes: application to plastic-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens

Using a new technique for antigen localization, we have demonstrated platelet proteins in megakaryocytes in plastic-embedded biopsy specimens of normal human bone marrow. In a series of 25 specimens, megakaryocytes showed labeling with antibodies to the integral membrane glycoproteins IIIa, IIb, and the IIb-IIIa complex; granule membrane protein 140; and five alpha-granule matrix proteins: thrombospondin, factor VIII-related antigen, beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, and fibrinogen. The antibodies to the membrane glycoproteins IIIa, IIb, and IIb-IIIa produced diffuse cytoplasmic staining and heavier staining on the plasma membrane, whereas the antibodies to the alpha-granule matrix proteins produced a distinct granular staining within the cytoplasm. Staining for granule membrane protein 140 was also granular in distribution. Rare mononuclear cells consistent with megakaryocyte precursors were labeled with these markers. Other enzyme histochemical and lectin-binding studies showed that the enzyme alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, the lectin Ulex europaeus I, and the periodic-acid Schiff reaction were consistent, but not specific, markers of megakaryocytes. This immunohistochemical technique should facilitate the examination of qualitative and quantitative changes in megakaryocytes in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes.     

孟根乌森乌日乐对小鼠的急性毒性研究

目的：了解孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性作用剂量及给药后的急性毒性反应和死亡分布情况,确定孟根乌森乌日乐的半数致死量（ LD50）。方法用孔氏综合法（改进寇氏法）分为14．30,9．28,6．04,3．92,2．55,1．66 g? kg－16个剂量组,以0．4 mL／10 g的量灌胃给药1次。实验后观察14 d,记录体重变化及不良反应情况。结果孟根乌森乌日乐小鼠半数致死量为5．1597 g? kg－1（95％CI：3．6652～7．2637 g? kg－1）。14 d内未出现明显不良反应症状且体重有增长趋势。结论孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性实验的半数致死量为临床用药量的100倍,提示单次口服较为安全。