抗P-21激活的磷酸化蛋白激酶5多克隆抗体的制备及其在牙胚细胞研究中的应用

目的 克隆PAK5-N端基因并诱导其表达,进行多克隆抗体制备,为研究其在牙胚细胞中的生物学功能奠定基础。方法 根据人全长PAK5 cDNA序列．设计引物;利用PCR技术．以PAK5全长cDNA为模板扩增PAK5-N端基因,将扩增产物克隆至pGEX-4T-1载体中,经EcoRI／XhoI双酶切后进行重组质粒鉴定,DNA测序。以硫代半乳糖苷诱导其在大肠杆菌BL21中表达。利用GST融合蛋白纯化系统进行蛋白纯化,通过免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,并在牙胚细胞中进行了初步研究。结果和结论 成功克隆了PAK5-N端基因．在E-coli中表达了PAK5-NT,并纯化了GST融合蛋白,制备了PAK5特异性抗体。Western blotting表明PAK5在牙胚细胞中过度表达,为其在口腔细胞中的生物学功能研究提供了依据。     

Ego functioning in eating disorders: Description and relation to diagnostic classification

A working assumption for many clinicians is that differences in personality functioning among eating-disordered patients are crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. However, the empirical documentation is scarce. The present study used analyses of 13 objectively rated ego functions in a sample of 48 eating-disordered patients to try to establish a firmer empirical basis in the area. The variation in ego functioning was great, and a cluster analysis identified four clusters. These were tentatively named “higher neurotic,” “lower neurotic,” “borderline,” and “borderline-psychotic.” The clusters were unrelated to DSM-III-R eating disorder diagnoses and to the restricter/bulimic distinction and related markedly differently from those classifications to other clinical variables. The most interesting associations occurred between ego functioning and variables of possible prognostic value. Ego functioning thus constitutes a complementary diagnostic dimension of potential importance for prognosis.     

Oncogenic H-Ras V12 promotes anchorage-independent cytokinesis in human fibroblasts

Cell anchorage is required for cell proliferation of untransformed cells, whereas anchorage-independent growth can be induced by oncogenes and is a hallmark of transformation. Whereas anchorage-dependent control of the progression of the G(1) phase of the cell cycle has been extensively studied, it is less clear whether and how anchorage may control other cell cycle phases and whether oncogenes may affect such controls. Here, we found that lack of cell anchorage did not influence progression through the cell cycle S phase, G(2) phase, or most of mitosis of primary human fibroblasts. However, unanchored fibroblasts could not complete cytokinesis. The cleavage furrow and central spindle were still formed in the absence of anchorage, but cells were unable to complete ingression, causing binucleation. Importantly, V12 H-Ras-transformed fibroblasts and two cancer cell lines progressed through the entire cell cycle without anchorage, including through cytokinesis. This indicates that oncogenic signaling may contribute to anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenesis by promoting the final cleavage furrow ingression during cytokinesis.     

Deaths among young, single women in 2000-2001 in the West Bank, Palestinian Occupied Territories

A study in 2000-2001 of causes of death of women of reproductive age (15-49) in the West Bank, Palestinian Occupied Territories, found that 154 of the 411 deceased women aged 15-49 with known marital status were single. Death notification forms for reported deaths were analysed and verbal autopsies carried out, where possible, with relatives of the deceased women. We found important differences in the age at death and causes of death among the single and married women, which can be attributed to the disadvantaged social status of single women in Palestinian society, exacerbated by the current unstable political situation. 41% of the deceased single women were under 25 years of age at death compared to 8% of the married women. The proportion of violent deaths and suicides among the single women was almost twice as high as among the married women, mainly in those below age 25. The single women were also more likely to die from medical conditions which indicated that they faced barriers to accessing health care. The fieldwork was conducted at the height of the Intifada and the Israeli military response, with heavy restrictions on mobility, limiting the possibility of probing deeper into the circumstances surrounding sensitive deaths. More research into the socio-cultural context of single women in Palestine society is needed as a basis for intervention.     

瑞典隆德大学的专科护士教育与启示

介绍瑞典隆德大学护理学院专科护士教育的学习周期、学分、学员入学要求、培养目标、课程内容、教学结构、教学形式、考核和质量的评估与反馈等。提出瑞典的专科护士教育对我国专科护士教育在学员入学资格、课程内容的设置、教学模式的转变、教学质量的评估和反馈等方面具有重要的借鉴、指导作用。     

Limited Potential for Prevention of Emergency Surgery for Femoral Hernia

Background

Femoral hernias are frequently operated on as an emergency. Emergency procedures for femoral hernia are associated with an almost tenfold increase in postoperative mortality, while no increase is seen for elective procedures, compared with a background population.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare whether symptoms from femoral hernias and healthcare contacts prior to surgery differ between patients who have elective and patients who have emergency surgery.

Methods

A total of 1,967 individuals operated on for a femoral hernia over 1997–2006 were sent a questionnaire on symptoms experienced and contact with the healthcare system prior to surgery for their hernia. Answers were matched with data from the Swedish Hernia Register.

Results

A total of 1,441 (73.3 %) patients responded. Awareness of their hernia prior to surgery was denied by 53.3 % (231/433) of those who underwent an emergency procedure. Of the emergency operated patients, 31.3 % (135/432) negated symptoms in the affected groin prior to surgery and 22.2 % (96/432) had neither groin nor other symptoms. Elective patients had a considerably higher contact frequency with their general practitioner, as well as the surgical outpatient department, prior to surgery compared with patients undergoing emergency surgery (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Patients who have elective and patients who have emergency femoral hernia surgery differ in previous symptoms and healthcare contacts. Patients who need emergency surgery are often unaware of their hernia and frequently completely asymptomatic prior to incarceration. Early diagnosis and expedient surgery is warranted, but the lack of symptoms hinders earlier detection and intervention in most cases.     

Reduction of the HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4+ T-lymphocytes by high dosage intravenous immunoglobulin treatment: a proof-of-concept study

Background  

The latency of HIV-1 in resting CD4⁺ T-lymphocytes constitutes a major obstacle for the eradication of virus in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). As yet, no approach to reduce this viral reservoir has proven effective.     

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with autonomic dysreflexia

A 32-year-old man with a residual spastic quadriparesis from a traumatic C5–C6 fracture experienced a severe thunderclap headache. The medical history revealed an episode of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) due to neurogenic bladder/urinary tract infection (UTI). Blood pressure monitoring at admission revealed hypertension; blood pressure reaching 160/100 mmHg (average blood pressure in these patients and also in this patient being 90/60 mmHg). CT scan of the head, cerebrospinal fluid examination, CT angiography and MR angiography of the brain vessels were normal. Another UTI and a subsequent spell of AD were diagnosed. The patient continued to experience recurrent thunderclap headaches. Selective catheter cerebral angiography revealed multiple calibre changes in the intracranial blood vessels. A diagnosis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) due to AD was considered. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain after 2 weeks revealed ischaemic changes in the left hemisphere. Follow-up brain MRI after 3 weeks showed reduction in size of the ischaemic changes, and catheter angiography after 6 weeks demonstrated improvement/normalization. A diagnosis of RCVS could be established. Repeated MRI/CT of the brain after 6 months demonstrated a large infarction in the left hemisphere. RCVS has been reported to occur in various clinical settings. It can occur in the setting of AD in patients with traumatic cervical cord injury. Prompt recognition of RCVS may be of vital importance to avoid further morbidity in patients with spinal cord injury.     

Identification of a cellulose synthase-associated protein required for cellulose biosynthesis

Cellulose synthase-interactive protein 1 (CSI1) was identified in a two-hybrid screen for proteins that interact with cellulose synthase (CESA) isoforms involved in primary plant cell wall synthesis. CSI1 encodes a 2,150-amino acid protein that contains 10 predicted Armadillo repeats and a C2 domain. Mutations in CSI1 cause defective cell elongation in hypocotyls and roots and reduce cellulose content. CSI1 is associated with CESA complexes, and csi1 mutants affect the distribution and movement of CESA complexes in the plasma membrane.     

Mortality risk up to 25 years after initiation of treatment among 420 Swedish women with alcohol addiction

Aims   Women treated for alcohol addiction have mortality rates three to five times those of women from the general population (GP). However, these figures may be inflated because socially disadvantaged women with advanced drinking careers are over-represented in previous studies. Our aim was to study the long-term mortality of socially relatively well-functioning patients coming to their first treatment, compared to matched GP controls.
Design   The mortality rates and causes of death were compared between patients and their matched GP controls, using data from the Causes of Death Register throughout the follow-up period (0–25 years).
Setting   A specialized treatment programme for women only, called 'Early treatment for Women with Alcohol Addiction' (EWA) at the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Participants   Subjects ( n  = 420) receiving their first treatment at the EWA programme, compared to a group of matched GP women ( n  = 2037).
Findings   The women patients had significantly higher mortality than matched GP controls throughout the whole follow-up period, with a relative risk of 2.4. However, the younger women had four times higher mortality than their matched controls. The peak of deaths occurred during the first 5 years, and alcohol-related causes of death were highly over-represented, as were uncertain suicides and accidents.
Conclusions   First-time-treated women with alcohol addiction have a substantially lower mortality than reported previously from clinical samples, except for the youngest group. Our figures were corrected for confounding factors such as socio-demographic status. We believe our results could apply to broader groups of heavy drinking women, inside or outside specialized treatment settings.