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991.
This study investigated the possibility that pericapillary fibrin deposition, found in the calf skin of patients with venous ulceration and lipodermatosclerosis, might already be present in the dermis of the gaiter area of apparently healthy limbs before any skin changes were visible. The apparently healthy limbs of 19 consecutive patients with a healed venous ulcer on one leg and no history of ulceration or clinical evidence of lipodermatosclerosis in the opposite calf, were studied. Bipedal ascending phlebography and foot volume plethysmography were performed, and systemic fibrinolytic activity and fibrinogen levels were calculated. Transcutaneous oxygen measurements were expressed as a ratio of levels from a fixed position in the gaiter skin over a control site on the arm. Biopsies of a standard site in the gaiter skin and the thigh were assessed for the presence of laminin, fibrinogen and fibronectin using immunofluorescent microscopy. The extent of pericapillary fluorescence was expressed as a ratio of the number of capillaries with deposits divided by the total number of capillaries staining with laminin (fibrin and fibronectin scores).Pericapillary fibrin deposits were observed in the dermis in 16 of the biopsies of the gaiter region (median score 0.20), and in eight of the biopsies from the thigh (median score 0.0). This difference was highly significant (P<0.01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). The transcutaneous oxygen ratio correlated negatively with the fibrin score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient -0.62, P<0.01), and there was a weak negative correlation between the half volume refilling time on foot volume plethysmography (an indicator of venous reflux) and the fibrin score (Speraman rank correlation coefficient -0.47, P<0.05). No such correlation could be shown between the fibrin score and the indicators of calf pump function, the euglobulin clot lysis time or the plasma fibrinogen. The presence of significant numbers of pericapillary fibrin deposits within the dermis of the gaiter skin has been demonstrated in 84% of this cohort of 'at risk' limbs before there is any evidence of clinical lipodermatosclerosis. 相似文献
992.
O'Connor AM Jacobsen MJ Stacey D 《Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN / NAACOG》2002,31(5):570-581
Women who face difficult health decisions are likely to experience decisional conflict. To date, women have been supported in their decision making through informal counseling and client education. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework guides practitioners in assessing decision-making needs in clinical practice, providing support for client decision making, and evaluating the effectiveness of their interventions. Several evidence-based decision support tools were derived from this framework, including practitioner-administered and client self-administered decision guides, condition-specific decision aids, and the Decisional Conflict Scale. 相似文献
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Buckner LR Schust DJ Ding J Nagamatsu T Beatty W Chang TL Greene SJ Lewis ME Ruiz B Holman SL Spagnuolo RA Pyles RB Quayle AJ 《Journal of reproductive immunology》2011,92(1-2):8-20
The endocervix in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is susceptible to sexually transmitted pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Endocervical epithelial cells in vivo make innate immune mediators that likely aid in the protection from these pathogens. In vitro studies to investigate the innate epithelial cell immune response to endocervical pathogens have been hindered by the paucity of human endocervix-derived epithelial cell lines that display the differentiation proteins and functional characteristics of their site of origin. We have established an immortalized epithelial cell line (A2EN) derived from an endocervical tissue explant that can be polarized to exhibit distinct apical and basolateral membrane domains. Polarized A2EN cells secrete mucus at their apical surface, and express MUC5B, a mucin specific to the endocervix. Polarized A2EN cells also express hormone receptors that respond appropriately to female steroid hormones. Polarized A2EN cells can be stimulated with the toll-like receptor 3 agonist, polyI:C, to express anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines and chemokines are also differentially secreted depending on the hormone milieu in which the cells are exposed. We conclude that polarized A2EN cells maintain distinctive phenotypic and functional characteristics of the epithelial cells found in the endocervix and, hence, could provide a useful, new in vitro model system for investigations on the role of endogenous and exogenous factors that regulate endocervical epithelial cell immunity including studies on sexually transmitted infections and topical microbicides. 相似文献
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Patrick Thompson Heather E. Wheeler Shannon M. Delaney Rachel Lorier Ulrich Broeckel Meenakshi Devidas Gregory H. Reaman Kathleen Scorsone Lillian Sung M. Eileen Dolan Stacey L. Berg 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》2014,74(4):831-838