小儿呼吸道感染痰液培养细菌构成及药敏分析

目的 了解某院儿科呼吸道感染的患儿痰液培养细菌构成及药敏的耐药情况.方法 对2011年1月到2012年5月儿科呼吸道感染的1 451例患儿进行深部吸痰并进行细菌培养,对培养出的致病菌株进行药敏实验.结果 从1 451份痰标本中分离出273株致病菌,阳性率为18.8%,其中革兰阳性菌52株（19.0%）,革兰阴性菌198株（72.5%）,其他26株（9.5%）,培养分离的细菌排前列是大肠埃希氏菌58株（21.2%）、流感嗜血杆菌51株（18.7%）、金黄色葡萄球菌42株（15.4%）、肺炎克雷伯氏菌34株（12.5%）、阴沟肠杆菌16株（5.9%）、产酸克雷伯菌14株（5.1%）、铜绿假单胞菌9株（3.3%）、肺炎链球菌7株（2.6%）.体外药敏试验表明阴性杆菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦较为敏感,阳性球菌对万古霉素、利福平、复方新诺明较为敏感.结论 了解小儿呼吸道感染的细菌分布及细菌的耐药状况,可以指导临床合理运用抗生素,减少细菌耐药菌株的增多.     

高压氧治疗对急性减压病患者外周血肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素-6的影响

目的探讨高压氧治疗对急性减压病患者外周血肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法选取急性减压病患者30例,接受高压氧治疗,分别在治疗前,首次治疗结束即刻,治疗后第1、3、7天检测外周血TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果与治疗前比较,TNF-α水平在治疗后第1、3、7天明显下降;IL-6水平在治疗后第3、7天显著下降。结论高压氧治疗可以减少急性减压病患者外周血TNF-α、IL-6水平。     

疏肝健脾法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床研究

目的:观察疏肝健脾法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)的疗效,探寻中医药治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征可能的客观化评价指标。方法:采用随机、双盲、平行对照研究,将60例腹泻型肠易激患者用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,分别用痛泻药方加减以及匹维溴胺治疗。2组治疗疗程均为4周。分别在治疗前、治疗2周、治疗4周,记录患者主要中医临床症状及中医证候积分;并在治疗前和治疗4周结束,检测患者血清胃肠激素5-羟色胺(5-HT)、降钙素相关基因肽(CGRP)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)的含量。结果:1)中医证候总体疗效评价:治疗组总有效率为88.9%,对照组总有效率为65.2%,疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。2)治疗组能有效改善腹痛即泻、腹胀腹痛、肠鸣矢气、情志抑郁、急躁易怒等主要单项症状,尤其在改善腹胀腹痛、情志抑郁、急躁易怒优于对照组(P0.05)。3)胃肠激素水平检测:2组均能有效改善胃肠激素水平,2组治疗后胃肠激素含量较治疗前均有下降;尤其在改善CGRP水平上,治疗组明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:疏肝健脾法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征具有良好的临床疗效,能够显著改善患者血清胃肠激素水平。     

造血干细胞联合AGM基质细胞移植对骨髓移植小鼠造血重建的影响

目的探讨造血干细胞与主动脉-性腺-中肾（aorta—gonad—mesonephros，AGM）区来源的基质细胞联合移植对同基因骨髓移植（bone marrow transplantation，BMT）小鼠BMT后骨髓造血的影响。方法建立同基因骨髓移植小鼠模型，随机分成4组：空白对照组、BMT组、BMT联合AGM基质细胞移植组（联合移植组）及川芎嗪组，另设正常组。分别于BMT后7、14、21和28d检测外周血细胞、骨髓单个核细胞（bone marrow mono—nuclear cells，BMMNC），3、7、10、14、21和28d检测骨髓组织学变化。结臬联合移植组骨髓单个核细胞较川芎嗪组恢复快，联合移植组及川芎嗪组外周血血细胞、骨髓单个核细胞、骨髓组织恢复均较单纯BMT组快，差异有统计学意义。结论BMT联合AGM基质细胞移植对骨髓移植造血重建具有促进作用。     

蒙医温针对大鼠睡眠时间和自主活动的影响

目的通过观察蒙医温针对失眠模型大鼠自主活动的影响及对戊巴比妥钠致睡眠时间的影响,探讨蒙医温针的改善睡眠作用。方法①选用戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠的方法,取健康雄性SD大鼠30只,分为空白对照组和蒙医温针组,每组15只,以戊巴比妥钠致眠时间为观察指标。②采用对氯苯丙氨酸致失眠大鼠模型,取健康雄性SD大鼠60只,分为空白对照组、失眠模型组、蒙医温针组和地西泮注射液组,每组15只,观察大鼠的自主活动和一般情况。结果蒙医温针组戊巴比妥钠致眠大鼠睡眠潜伏期与空白对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。蒙医温针组戊巴比妥钠致眠大鼠睡眠时间与空白对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。失眠模型组、蒙医温针组和地西泮注射液组大鼠造模前体重较空白对照组减轻(均P0.01)。失眠模型组大鼠治疗后体重与空白对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。蒙医温针组和地西泮注射液组大鼠体重增加,与空白对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。失眠模型组大鼠活动时间明显高于空白对照组(P0.01)。蒙医温针组和地西泮注射液组大鼠活动时间明显低于失眠模型组(均P0.05)。失眠模型组大鼠站立次数明显高于空白对照组(P0.05),蒙医温针组和地西泮组大鼠站立次数明显低于失眠模型组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论蒙医温针对大鼠有镇静作用和改善睡眠功能作用。     

The Handan Eye Study: Comparison of Screening Methods for Primary Angle Closure Suspects in a Rural Chinese Population

Objective: To evaluate the van Herick test, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), Pentacam and scanning peripheral anterior chamber depth analyzer (SPAC) for detecting primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) in a rural Chinese population.

Methods: Eligible subjects aged ≥40 years were examined at the 5-year follow-up of the Handan Eye Study. PACS was defined as non-visibility of the posterior pigmented trabecular meshwork for ≥180° of the angle. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the tests.

Results: A total of 425 right eyes of 431 eligible subjects were analyzed. The area under the curve (AUC) for the van Herick test and AS-OCT were 0.711 and 0.799, respectively. The AUC for Pentacam anterior chamber depth was 0.834, while anterior chamber angle and anterior chamber volume had AUCs of 0.680 and 0.800, respectively. The AUC for SPAC was 0.779. AS-OCT had a specificity of 87% with a sensitivity of 73%. The best specificity of 92% (sensitivity 19%) was achieved by the van Herrick test at the 15% cut-off.

Conclusions: None of the tests evaluated achieved the combination of specificity and sensitivity needed for population-based screening and their current capability does not realize the objective of case detection in the setting of an ophthalmology clinic.     

Prevalence, causes and associations of amblyopia in year 1 students in Central China

Background

Earlier diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia are associated with improved visual outcomes. This study reports the prevalence of amblyopia and associated factors in year 1 primary school students in central China.

Methods

The school-based, cross-sectional study involved 3,112 year 1 primary school students . All the participants underwent a comprehensive eye examinations including cycloplegic refraction, cover test and ocular movement examinations. The unaided and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded. Unilateral amblyopia was defined as a 2-line interocular difference with BCVA?≤?20/32 (≥ logMar 0.2) in the worse eye and with coexisting anisometropia (≥ 1.00 D SE for hyperopia, ≥ 3.00 D SE for myopia, or?≥?1.50 D for astigmatism), strabismus or past or present visual axis obstruction. Bilateral amblyopia was defined as BCVA in both eyes<20/40 (> logMar 0.3), with coexisting hyperopia?≥?4 D SE, myopia?≤??6 D SE, or astigmatism?≥?2.5 D, or past or present visual axis obstruction.

Results

Out of the 3,112 eligible students, 2,893 (93.0 %) students completed the examinations. The average age of the students was 7.1?±?0.4 (mean?±?standard deviation SD) years old. The prevalence of amblyopia was 1.0 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.6 %–1.3 %) with no difference between the sexes (P?=?0.88). Of the 27 amblyopic students, unilateral amblyopia was found in 18 (66.7 %) students, and bilateral amblyopia in 9 (33.3 %) students. Of 18 unilateral amblyopia, 13 were anisometropic amblyopia, 4 were strabismus amblyopia, 1 was mixed amblyopia. Of 9 bilateral amblyopia, 7 were isoametropic amblyopia, 2 were stimulus deprivation. The mean corrected VA of the amblyopic eyes was 30.50 logMAR letters (Snellen VA equivalent 4/12.6), and the range was 5 to 45 logMAR letters (Snellen VA equivalent 4/40-4/6.3). Most amblyopic eyes (38.9 %) were significantly hyperopic (spherical equivalent?≥?+3.00 D); 25.0 % were myopic. In addition, 58 (2.1 %) students had a previous amblyopia history of amblyopia that was not corroborated in this study.

Conclusions

The study shows a relatively low prevalence of amblyopia (1.0 %) in year 1 students in central China. Amblyopia is usually caused by abnormal refractive error.     

Overexpression of AIB1 correlates inversely with E-cadherin expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and may promote lymph node metastasis

Background

It was reported that the nuclear receptor coactivator amplified in breast cancer1 (AIB1) could regulate cancer cell invasion and migration in a nuclear receptor signaling-independent manner. Meanwhile, the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical for tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study aimed to determine the role of AIB1 and EMT markers in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods

AIB1, ZO-1, E-cadherin, vimentin, and N-cadherin protein expression in 76 pancreatic adenocarcinomas were assessed using immunohistochemistry and analyzed for clinicopathological significance.

Results

The frequency of AIB1 overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastasis is 68 % (19/28), which is significantly higher than in pancreatic adenocarcinomas without lymph node metastasis (42 %; 20/48). In addition, the frequency of low expression of E-cadherin in pancreatic carcinomas with lymph node metastasis (68 %; 19/28) was significantly higher than in tumors without lymph node metastasis (44 %; 21/48). Correlation analysis demonstrated that the overexpression of AIB1 was inversely correlated with low expression of E-cadherin in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.

Conclusion

Overexpression of AIB1 might promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells and is associated with down-regulation of E-cadherin in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.     

医用超高分子量聚乙烯的改性及其摩擦学特点

背景：超高分子量聚乙烯因其自身优良的理化性能而被广泛应用于医学领域中的人工关节置换。目的：概述医用超高分子量聚乙烯应用于人工关节假体的摩擦磨损性能及其改性研究进展。方法：以＂超高分子量聚乙烯、人工关节假体、摩擦磨损机制、摩削＂;＂Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE,artificial joint prosthetics,mechanism of friction and wear,wear debris＂为关键词,检索1970至2012年ISI数据库、PubMed数据库,1979至2012年CNKI数据库、万方数据库及维普科技期刊数据库中有关医用超高分子量聚乙烯作为人工关节假体的自身摩擦磨损及改性研究。结果与结论：研究证实超高分子量聚乙烯的主要摩擦磨损机制为磨粒磨损、黏附磨损和疲劳磨损。针对其低耐摩擦性能,目前实验室可以通过无机填料改性法,包括羟基磷灰石、氧化锆、炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管等,交联法包括有机硅氧烷偶联剂交联和各种离子辐射等方法进行改性,并在各种模拟环境下所进行的摩擦磨损测试,结果证明这些改性后的材料耐磨性能均得到了不同程度提高。对医用超高分子量聚乙烯应用于人工关节假体的摩擦磨损实验研究体系主要包括摩擦磨损模拟试验机、润滑体液、磨损、磨屑的测定和评价等。     

地佐辛预防丙泊酚注射痛的随机、对照、双盲研究

目的探讨静脉预先注射地佐辛预防丙泊酚注射痛的临床效果。方法 160例拟在全麻下行择期手术患者,随机分为对照组(C组)、利多卡因组(L组)、芬太尼组(F组)和地佐辛组(D组),每组40例。C组经静脉预先注射生理盐水3ml,L组预先注射利多卡因30mg,F组预先注射芬太尼0.1mg,D组预先注射地佐辛10mg。2分钟后推注0.5mg/kg丙泊酚,同时行注射部位疼痛评分。结果 L组、D组丙泊酚注射痛总发生率和严重程度低于C组(P<0.05);D组丙泊酚注射痛总发生率低于F组(P<0.05),D组不良反应发生率低于F组(P<0.05)。结论静脉预先注射地佐辛能有效减轻丙泊酚注射痛的发生率和严重程度,且安全性较高。