2种胶姆糖对菌斑pH值的影响

目的：观察咀嚼2种胶姆糖后口腔菌斑pH值的变化情况.方法：选择8例健康受试者（年龄23～27岁,男4例,女4例）参加3次试验,每次实验开始前停止刷牙24h,在使用10%的蔗糖溶液漱口前以及漱口后5、10、15、20min,用Beetrode pH微电极测量口腔菌斑的pH值,作为基线值.1周后先测量静息pH值,再用蔗糖溶液漱口,1min后给予无糖胶姆糖咀嚼,在5、10、15、20min时间点,分别测量非咀嚼侧的菌斑pH值.1周后重复上述实验,胶姆糖改为含茶多酚胶姆糖.应用SPSS10.0统计软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析和SNK分析.结果：与基线值比较,咀嚼2种胶姆糖都能有效防止由于含漱蔗糖水导致的菌斑pH值下降,并使pH值维持在静息pH值以上.2种胶姆糖之间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.结论：咀嚼2种胶姆糖均能防止菌斑pH值下降,减少患龋危险.     

Effects of omega-3 fatty acid on major cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The effects of omega-3 fatty acid on cardiovascular health obtained inconsistent results. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore conducted to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for primary and secondary prevention strategies of major cardiovascular outcomes.Methods:The databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched from their inception until September 2020. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess effect estimates by using the random-effects model.Results:Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials involving 136,965 individuals were selected for the final meta-analysis. Omega-3 fatty acid was noted to be associated with a lower risk of major cardiovascular events (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–1.00; P = .049) and cardiac death (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85–0.99; P = .022). However, no significant differences was noted between omega-3 fatty acid and the control for the risks of all-cause mortality (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92–1.03; P = .301), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80–1.01; P = .077), and stroke (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94–1.11; P = .694).Conclusions:Major cardiovascular events and cardiac death risks could be avoided with the use of omega-3 fatty acid. However, it has no significant effects on the risk of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke.     

Preclinical evaluation and pilot clinical study of [18F]AlF-labeled FAPI-tracer for PET imaging of cancer associated fibroblasts

In recent years, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has emerged as an attractive target for the diagnosis and radiotherapy of cancers using FAP-specific radioligands. Herein, we aimed to design a novel ¹⁸F-labeled FAP tracer ([¹⁸F]AlF-P-FAPI) for FAP imaging and evaluated its potential for clinical application. The [¹⁸F]AlF-P-FAPI novel tracer was prepared in an automated manner within 42 min with a non-decay corrected radiochemical yield of 32 ± 6% (n = 8). Among A549-FAP cells, [¹⁸F]AlF-P-FAPI demonstrated specific uptake, rapid internalization, and low cellular efflux. Compared to the patent tracer [¹⁸F]FAPI-42, [¹⁸F]AlF-P-FAPI exhibited lower levels of cellular efflux in the A549-FAP cells and higher stability in vivo. Micro-PET imaging in the A549-FAP tumor model indicated higher specific tumor uptake of [¹⁸F]AlF-P-FAPI (7.0 ± 1.0% ID/g) compared to patent tracers [¹⁸F]FAPI-42 (3.2 ± 0.6% ID/g) and [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (2.7 ± 0.5% ID/g). Furthermore, in an initial diagnostic application in a patient with nasopharyngeal cancer, [¹⁸F]AlF-P-FAPI and [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT showed comparable results for both primary tumors and lymph node metastases. These results suggest that [¹⁸F]AlF-P-FAPI can be conveniently prepared, with promising characteristics in the preclinical evaluation. The feasibility of FAP imaging was demonstrated using PET studies.     

化学致剂马桑内酯导致大鼠海马神经细胞内Ca~(2 )升高

于培养的新生大鼠海马神经细胞,应用ｆｕｒａ２ 荧光检测技术,观察了致疒间剂马桑内酯对单个海马神经细胞内钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ）的影响。培养液内马桑内酯浓度达１０－ ８ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ时可引起［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ增加,［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ随给药浓度的提高而升高。马桑内酯浓度达５×１０－ ８ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ时,［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ维持于稳定的高水平上。当胞外无Ｃａ２＋时,马桑内酯仍可引起［Ｃａ２＋ ］ｉ的升高;Ｌ型钙通道阻断剂ｖｅｒａｐａｍ ｉｌ不能阻断马桑内酯的上述作用。结果提示,海马神经细胞在致疒间剂作用下,发生Ｃａ２＋ 内流及胞内钙池释放现象。     

Cognitive and functional deficits are associated with white matter abnormalities in two independent cohorts of patients with schizophrenia

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - Significant evidence links white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SZ), but the...     

PICCO在重症急性胰腺炎早期液体复苏中的应用

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎的休克患者脉搏指数连续心输出量（PICCO）监测在早期液体复苏中的作用。方法：对30例伴有重症急性胰腺炎的休克患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据预后分为存活组15例、死亡组15例,比较PICCO连续监测记录每例置管期间的血流动力学参数,记录每例置管期间每日液体平衡（W）,分析PICCO监测的血流动力学特点及影响患者预后的危险因素。结果：两组置管时血流动力学类型多为低排高阻型、血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）高,置管期间每日液体平衡的量（W）与血管外肺水指数的变化值（△EVLWI）及全心舒张末期容积指数的变化（AOEDI）相关性显著。两组置管第3天死亡组的EVLWI明显高于生存组的EVLWI,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：对于伴有重症急性胰腺炎的休克病人,PICCO监测的全心舒张末期容积指数（GEDI）较中心静脉压（CVP）更适合反映伴有重症急性胰腺炎的休克患者的容量状态,EvLwI的动态变化可以作为伴有重症急性胰腺炎休克患者预后的独立预测指标,对指导临床复舒、增强复苏效果起到的重要作用,值得推广应用。     

电针胃俞募穴对胃扩张模型大鼠胃内压及血清胆囊收缩素-8、胃泌素水平的影响

目的探讨电针胃俞募穴对胃扩张模型大鼠胃内压的调节作用及其机制。方法通过在大鼠胃内安置自制球囊的方法记录胃内压,观察电针胃俞、中脘、胃俞+中脘对胃扩张模型大鼠胃内压的影响。并采用放射免疫法检测各组大鼠血清胆囊收缩素-8(cholecystokinin-8,CCK-8)、胃泌素(gastrin,GAS)的含量。结果电针后各电针组胃内压强较电针前显著增加(P0.01);胃俞组和胃俞+中脘组电针后胃内压强显著高于中脘组(P0.05,或P0.01)。与模型组相比,中脘组、中脘+胃俞组大鼠血清CCK-8水平显著降低(P0.05,或P0.01),中脘组、胃俞组大鼠血清GAS水平显著升高(P0.01)。结论电针胃俞募穴对胃扩张模型大鼠胃内压有增强作用,且俞募配穴具有协同效应。血清CCK-8及GAS参与了电针胃俞募穴对胃扩张模型大鼠胃内压的调节。     

193例HIV/AIDS合并视网膜炎的临床特征分析

目的 分析人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者视网膜炎发生的临床特征及治疗后反应.方法 收集2015-2017年在重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心住院的193例HIV/AIDS合并视网膜炎的患者,男性156例,女性37例,年龄(43.9±11.9)岁;分为巨细胞病毒视网膜炎(cytomegalovirus retinitis,CMV R)组和HIV微血管病(HIV microangiopathy,HIV M)组,对其临床资料、检测指标、眼科检查结果及抗病毒治疗效果进行回顾性分析.结果 HIV/AIDS合并有视网膜炎的患者,CD4+T细胞计数明显低于非视网膜患者,而HIV RNA显著高于非视网膜患者(t=5.6、-2.3,P＜0.05).HIV M和CMV R无眼科症状的患者分别占44.4％、41.7％;CMV R以双眼病变为主,占77.4％;视网膜炎的总发生率为45.7％,并随着CD4+T细胞的降低逐渐增高,CD4+T细胞＜200个/μL时视网膜炎的发生率为30％,CD4+T细胞＜ 50个/μL时视网膜炎发生率最高,达58.6％.人巨细胞病毒DNA(human cytomegalovirus DNA,HCMV DNA)阳性的视网膜炎患者给予抗巨细胞病毒治疗后HCMV DNA转阴率在70％以上;CMV R视力恢复及病灶吸收率明显高于HIV M患者(x2=9.526、24.206,P＜0.05).结论 HIV/AIDS患者发生视网膜炎的风险与CD4+T细胞水平密切相关,呈负相关性;对于CD4+T细胞＜200个/μL的患者推荐行眼科相关检查,对于CD4+T细胞＜50个/μL的患者建议常规开展眼科相关检查;全身抗巨细胞病毒治疗可有效控制病毒,改善眼部症状,提高生活质量.     

甘草次酸衍生物TY501对小鼠免疫系统的影响

目的通过小鼠灌胃给药,研究TY501对小鼠中枢免疫器官的影响;对外周血中白细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞及各亚型淋巴细胞的比例和数量影响。方法选用50只ICR小鼠,设对照组、阳性对照泼尼松龙组、TY501低、中、高剂量组,对照组给予动物饮用水,给药组灌胃给予相应药物,20 mg/kg每日1次,持续给药21 d,末次给药24 h后分别进行外周血中白细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞的数量和各亚型淋巴细胞的比例测定;胸腺和脾脏脏器指数测定。结果泼尼松龙灌胃给药可导致动物体重显著降低,胸腺、脾脏萎缩,外周血中淋巴细胞数量降低等一系列对免疫系统的毒性反应;TY501灌胃给药对动物中枢免疫器官、外周血淋巴细胞数量及亚型未产生明显影响。结论TY501对小鼠免疫系统未发现明显的抑制作用。