糖尿病肾病内热证与肾功能及炎症因子的相关性研究

目的:观察糖尿病肾病不同分期内热证与肾功能及炎症指标的相关性。方法:收集202例糖尿病肾病患者的临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测微炎症指标,包括超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,HS-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α),进行统计分析。结果:与非内热证组比较,中期、晚期内热证组24小时尿蛋白定量明显升高;晚期内热证组的血清肌酐明显升高,肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)明显降低;炎症因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α随疾病进展均呈上升趋势;晚期内热证组与非内热证组比较,IL-6、TNF-α升高;中期HS-CRP与内热积分呈正相关,晚期TNF-α与内热积分呈正相关。结论:内热病机贯穿于糖尿病肾病的始终,与糖尿病肾病肾功能以及疾病进展密切相关;同时,内热积分与炎症因子HS-CRP、TNF-α的表达存在一定的相关性,这种相关性在疾病中期、晚期表现更加明显。     

Hippocampal damage and cytoskeletal disruption resulting from impaired energy metabolism

To determine if impaired energy metabolism might contribute to some aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD), including the vulnerability of the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation and the altered cytoskeleton evident in neurofibrillary tangles, we examined the effects of metabolic poisons on neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption in the hippocampal formation. Intrahippocampal injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) and malonic acid resulted in neuronal death, particularly in CA1. Cytoskeletal disruption included loss of dendritic MAP2, but sparing of axonal τ. MK-801 (a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist) did not atenuate the lesions produced by intrahippocampal injection of malonate. MK-801, however, was effective against intrastriatal malonate. Acute systemic 3-NP resulted in neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption in the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation, including an extensive loss of MAP2 immuno-reactivity, but sparing of τ. The neuronal loss in CA1 was delayed as compared to striatum. Chronic intraventricular infusion of 3-NP produced a different pattern of neuronal damage. Loss of τ-1 immuno-reactivity was observed in CA3 and CA1 s. oriens, whereas MAP2 immunostaining was preserved. These results demonstrate that chronic and acute administration of metabolic inhibitors produce distinct patterns of neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption. The results further suggest a differential involvement of the NMDA receptor in malonate-induced neuronal damage in striatum as compared to the hippocampus. The pattern of neuronal damage and cytoskeletal disruption observed following acute metabolic impairment resembled some aspects of neurofibrillary pathology in AD, but did not result in τ hyperphosphorylation.     

医学院校思想政治理论课新方案下的教师知识结构初探

2006年思想政治理论课新方案将在医学院校推行。思想政治课教师面临知识结构滞后、单一的新问题。思想政治课教师必须关注思想政治理论课的改革趋向，围绕新课程的开设形成开放型知识结构。同时，通过结合医学生的专业课，在医学与人文的学科交叉中构建教学与科研平台，从而逐渐形成多元化的知识结构，以适应未来医学发展对多元化人才的需求。     

Pulmonary Lophomonas blattarum infection in patients with kidney allograft transplantation

The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical manifestation and management of pulmonary Lophomonas blattarum infection in four allograft transplantation recipients retrospectively. Four patients with pulmonary L. blattarum infection were diagnosed by using Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) examination. Their clinical manifestation and management are summarized. Four cases of pulmonary L. blattarum were found during the period from the second month to the third month after transplantation. Concurring infection by other pathogens was found in three of them. Common initial symptoms included fever (>38 degrees C) without cough and breathlessness. Lower lobe shadowing could be found on chest X-ray. Body temperature decreased to the normal range in three patients and to 37.5 degrees C in the other one, after intravenous injection of metronidazole and tapering immunosuppressant. Radiological examination confirmed improved health condition of the patients afterwards. Two patients received repeated FOB and only dead L. blattarum was found. Pulmonary L. blattarum infection in allograft transplant recipients carry relatively obscure initial symptoms. Possible L. blattarum infection needs to be screened in post-transplantation pulmonary infection patients with similar symptoms, especially in those who respond poorly to anti-infection treatment. Microscopic examination of BAL fluid can help to identify pulmonary L. blattarum infection and metronidazole is an ideal treatment choice.     

超顺磁氧化铁标记骨髓基质干细胞移植治疗帕金森病鼠的实验研究

目的:研究应用超顺磁氧化铁(SPIO)标记骨髓基质干细胞(MSCs)移植治疗帕金森病(PD)大鼠后的在体MRI观察。方法:分离、获取大鼠骨髓基质细胞,脂质体转染法将SPIO标记MSCs;制作PD模型,SPIO标记的MSCs移植到PD大鼠右侧纹状体区,应用MRI在体观察脑内移植的骨髓基质细胞的存活和迁徙情况。结果:体外SPIO标记的骨髓基质细胞普鲁蓝染色阳性;脑内移植SPIO标记MSCs的PD大鼠磁共振T2和T2GRE扫描检查显示在移植区呈低信号改变。随时间的延长,移植区信号向周围扩大。脑纹状体区的铁染色也可见SPIO标记MSCs从移植部位向四周迁移。结论:SPIO可用于体外标记MSCs,通过MRI技术可以对标记细胞脑内移植后进行初步的活体示踪,有利于MSCs移植治疗PD后的疗效观察。     

间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂68例临床分析

目的:观察和评价间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂的临床疗效。方法:将68例直肠黏膜内脱垂患者随机分成两组,治疗组(36例)采用经间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗,对照组(32例)采用单纯硬化注射治疗。并对临床资料进行分析总结。结果:术后3个月随访,治疗组与对照组的症状、体征总得分比较,治疗组均优于对照组。结论:纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗后症状消除快,近远期疗效佳。     

扩张型心肌病家兔左室壁复极异质性的改变及意义

目的：观察离体心脏左心室三层心肌的单相动作电位的改变，以探讨扩张型心肌病易发心室颤动与三层心肌跨室壁复极不均一性的关系。方法：用阿霉素制作扩张型心肌病家兔模型，测定其室颤阈值（VFT）以及心外膜、中层心肌和心内膜心肌细胞的单相动作电位复极90％时程（APD90）、跨室壁复极离散度（TDR）。结果：扩张型心肌病VFT明显降低（P＜0．001），三层心肌细胞APD90均明显延长（P＜0．001），中层心肌细胞较心外膜、心内膜下心肌细胞延长更为显著（P＜0．05）；扩张型心肌病跨室壁复极离散度增加（P＜0．01）。结论：中层心肌细胞APD90明显延长、跨室壁复极离散度增加、三层心肌复极不均一性增加可能是扩张型心肌病容易发生心室颤动的重要原因。     

浅低温心脏不停搏心内手术对心肌保护效果的比较

目的:探讨浅低温体外循环(CPB)心脏搏动中心内直视手术对心肌保护的效果.方法:40例患者随机分为观察组(浅低温心不停搏组)和对照组(中低温心停搏组).分别在术前、转机、停机及术后6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,取冠状静脉窦或中心静脉血样,测定血气分析及血清中肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)及其同功酶(CK-MB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转换酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量.并取心房间隔肌观察心肌含水量及心肌超微结构的改变.临床观察CPB时间、脱机、呼吸支持、多巴胺应用、严重心律失常和血红蛋白尿等指标.结果:冠脉循环血气、电解质、酸碱水平与体循环的组内组间对比基本一致.CK、CK-MB、AST、LDH两组在CPB和术后均有增加,且以对照组升高显著,与观察组相同时点相比,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).对照组术后MDA明显升高,SOD明显降低(P＜0.01),而观察组变化不大.心肌含水量和超微结构观察,对照组变化显著,而观察组轻微改变.临床指标观察,观察组优于对照组.结论:浅低温体外循环心脏不停搏心内直视手术对心肌损伤很轻,有很好的心肌保护效果.     

Hypoxia effects on vascular endothelial growth factor derived epithelial cells of nasal polyps]

OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of nasal mucous epithelial cells to hypoxia in early stage of nasal polyps(NP) formation. METHODS: Epithelial cells of NP and inferior turbinate (IT) were cultured without serum under normal oxygen and hypoxia, and stimulus of inflammatory cytokines. Erythropoietin (EPO) was regarded as hypoxia mark, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) mRNA and protein derived from epithelial cells were detected respectively by in situ hybridization and ELISA. RESULTS: 1. Under hypoxia, EPO mRNA was expressed intensely in epithelial cells from NP and IT, and there was no significant difference between both of them. This result suggested that EPO might be regarded as a hypoxic mark. 2. The ability of producing VEGF mRNA increased with cytokines stimulation, especially under hypoxia. Protein level of VEGF from epithelial cells of NP and IT increased with cytokines stimulation, especially in hypoxia and was time-dependent. CONCLUSION: Epithelial cells actively produce vast VEGF under hypoxia. The VEGF induced by hypoxia of the mucosa in middle meatus is of importance in the formation of nasal polyps(NP) in early stage, which may be the major cause of NP formation in middle meatus.     

尿激酶溶栓对急性心肌梗死患者单核细胞组织因子表达的影响

目的 :了解冠心病患者外周循环单核细胞组织因子 (TF)表达与冠心病病情的关系 ;观察溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死患者单核细胞TF表达的影响。方法 :测定了 2 2例稳定型心绞痛 (SA)患者 ,2 1例不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者 ,1 5例急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者用尿激酶溶栓前及溶栓后 ,1 8例健康人外周循环单核细胞组织因子阳性率。单核细胞组织因子阳性率测定用免疫荧光染色及流式细胞术。结果 :SAP组 ,UAP组和AMI组单核细胞TF阳性率高于对照组 ,UAP组和AMI组单核细胞TF阳性率高于SAP组 ,单核细胞TF阳性率与冠心病病情显著相关。急性心肌梗死患者溶栓后 2h单核细胞TF阳性率升高。结论 :外周血单核细胞TF的表达与冠心病病情严重程度密切相关 ;急性心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗后单核细胞TF的表达进一步增强 ,这可能是溶栓后凝血酶活化的原因之一。