六味地黄丸联合康复新液治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡临床研究

目的：观察六味地黄丸联合康复新液治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡的临床疗效。方法：按随机数字表法 将170 例复发性阿弗他溃疡患者分为对照组和治疗组各85 例。对照组采取康复新液治疗,治疗组在对照组基 础上加用六味地黄丸治疗。2 组均连续治疗15 d,比较2 组治疗前后症状体征积分、视觉模拟评分法（VAS） 评分、T 淋巴细胞亚群（CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+） 水平变化,以及临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结 果：治疗组总有效率为96.47%,对照组为87.06%,2 组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗前,2 组症 状体征积分、VAS 评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后,2 组症状体征积分、VAS 评分均较治 疗前下降（P＜0.05）,且治疗组症状体征积分、VAS 评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗前,2 组T 淋巴细胞 亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后,2 组CD8+水平较治 疗前降低（P＜0.05）,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平较治疗前升高（P＜0.05）;且治疗组CD8+水平低于对照 组（P＜0.05）,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组不良反应发生率为3.53%,对照组 为8.24%,2 组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：六味地黄丸联合康复新液治疗复发性阿弗他溃 疡,能显著提高临床疗效,减轻疼痛,改善患者的免疫功能及中医证候。     

Incidence and risk factors of suicide among patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Patients with bladder cancer have a high risk of suicide. This study aimed to assess how bladder cancer increases suicide risk and to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with suicidal death among patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Literature search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to April 2020 to identify eligible studies related to the incidence and risk factors of suicide after bladder cancer diagnosis. Summary multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using inverse variance method with random or fixed-effect modeling. Results: Five retrospective cohorts comprising 563,680 patients with bladder cancer were included. Higher risk of suicide by 1.90-fold was observed among patients with bladder cancer (hazard ratio, HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.29–2.81; P = 0.001; I² = 81.2%), especially in those aged 70 years or older (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29–1.43; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), unmarried (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.61–1.83; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), and those with regional bladder cancer (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10–3.21; P = 0.021; I² = 96.3%), compared with those without bladder cancer. Furthermore, gender and race were not associated with increased suicide risk among patients with bladder cancer. Conclusions: Suicide risk is increased among patients with bladder cancer, particularly those aged 70 years or older, unmarried and those with regional bladder cancer. Hence, early psychological support must be provided during the follow-up period of these special populations with a high suicide risk.     

经口入路机器人甲状腺手术的研究进展

近年来,甲状腺疾病的发病率逐年上升,其中青年女性患者占较大比例.随着年轻患者对美容的要求提高,多种入路的内镜甲状腺手术已广泛成功开展.这些术式尽管避免了在颈部做切口,并取得了较好的美容效果,但不可避免地在其他部位留下切口瘢痕.经口入路手术被认为是真正无痕的手术,具有更好的美容效果,随着近年来达芬奇手术系统的不断完善,经口入路机器人甲状腺手术也取得较大发展.与其他术式相比,经口入路机器人甲状腺手术具有多种优势,如提供中线入路、最低程度地减少组织损伤、3D高清放大视野、手臂震颤过滤及7个自由度Endo-wrist等.因此,本综述对近年来经口机器人甲状腺手术的研究进展进行总结,为临床甲状腺疾病的治疗提供学习借鉴.     

成都市某区居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

目的 了解成都市某区居民健康素养现状及其影响因素,为相关部门做健康决策提供指导建议。方法 采用分层多阶段随机抽样在该区11个乡镇抽取2192名居民进行问卷调查,运用x2检验和logistic回归进行统计分析。结果 该区居民健康素养水平为7.31%,logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、文化程度、职业、自觉健康状况、地理位置是居民健康素养水平的影响因素。年龄越大,居民健康素养水平越低。以15~24岁年龄组为参照,55~69岁年龄组OR值（95% CI）为0.374（0.178~0.787）。文化水平越高,居民健康素养水平倍增,以小学以下文化程度为参照,大专/本科及以上OR值（95% CI）为23.047（7.327~72.496）。结论 该区居民健康素养仍处于较低水平,应在提高全区居民健康素养的基础上,将高龄、低文化程度、农村居民作为该区健康工作的重点人群。     

四川省艾滋病抗病毒治疗6~12个月病毒学失败患者耐药性分析

目的 分析四川省接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗6~12个月病毒学失败患者的耐药影响因素和耐药特征。方法 对2016—2019年接受治疗6~12个月且病毒学失败患者进行HIV-1基因型耐药检测,采用统计学logistic回归和卡方检验分析病毒学失败患者耐药发生的影响因素,以及不同地区和亚型毒株间耐药突变特征。结果 3626例患者符合调查标准,成功获得序列2915例（80.39%）,其中1246（42.74%）例耐药,多因素logistic回归分析发现,注射吸毒者的耐药突变是异性性传播患者的1.90倍;艾滋病的耐药突变是HIV感染者的1.75倍;基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≥350个/μl和200~349个/μl的耐药突变是CD4+T淋巴细胞计数＜200个μl的0.76和0.64倍;初始治疗方案含洛匹那韦/利托那韦（LPV/r）的二线治疗方案的耐药突变是是含齐多夫定的0.37倍;感染CRF01_AE亚型毒株的耐药突变是感染CRF07_BC亚型毒株的1.34倍。成都平原、川东北、川西北、川南和攀西地区耐药率分别为45.41%、37.47%、54.84%、43.38和34.34%,卡方检验有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;主要流行亚型CRF07_BC、CRF01_E、CRF08_BC和CRF85_BC耐药率分别为39.60%、48.55%、34.17%和44.27%,卡方检验有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 四川治疗6~12个月艾滋病患者病毒学失败的耐药率较高,耐药突变状况复杂多样,感染途径、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、病程、感染毒株亚型、初始治疗方案是治疗6~12个月病毒学失败患者发生耐药的影响因素,且各地区耐药发生和各亚型耐药突变特征不同。     

1例肺移植的干燥综合征患者联用奈玛特韦/利托那韦与环孢素、他克莫司导致肾功能损伤

1例76岁右单肺移植的干燥综合征男性患者在新冠病毒感染后使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦治疗,导致合并使用的免疫抑制剂环孢素和他克莫司全血药物谷浓度升高,引起血肌酐升高,后通过停用环孢素、调整他克莫司剂量使他克莫司浓度维持在治疗浓度,血肌酐水平较前改善,患者好转出院。此病例可为临床安全用药实践提供参考。     

Osteosarcoma occurring in osteogenesis imperfecta

We describe a case history of a 24-year-old male with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) who developed osteosarcoma of the left thigh. High-dose ifosfamide therapy caused marked tumor regression of multiple lung metastases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for the p53 protein. Mutation of the p53 gene was not detected by direct genomic sequencing of exons 4–8. The radiographic characteristics, including irregularly distributed osteolytic lesions and cortical discontinuity, should not be confused with hyperplastic callus formation, a benign process. A biopsy is critical to establish the differential diagnosis between osteosarcoma and common hyperplastic callus formation in OI; however, it must be applied with great care.     

Signaling through CD19, Fc receptors or transforming growth factor-beta: each inhibits the activation of resting human B cells differently.

To understand further the roles that negative regulatory signals may play in B cell immune responses, we compared three inhibitors of B cell proliferation: cross-linking CD19 with monoclonal antibody (mAb), signaling through Fc receptors by intact anti-mu mAb, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Each agent was tested for its ability to block proliferation and specific activation events induced in human tonsilar B cells activated by either cross-linking surface immunoglobulin, signaling through CD20, or direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. We found that each inhibitor was functionally distinct. Both anti-CD19 mAb and anti-mu mAb inhibited anti-immunoglobulin activated cells and anti-CD20-activated cells, but neither inhibited cells activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. TGF-beta, on the other hand, inhibited equally profoundly cells activated by each of the three regimens. These results suggest that TGF-beta blocks B cell activation at a step following the activation of PKC, whereas both signaling through CD19 and Fc receptor block early steps in the PKC activation pathway. Signaling through anti-CD19 mAb was unique in that proliferation of anti-immunoglobulin-activated cells was reduced on day 3 and then augmented subsequently. With all other inhibitory combinations the block was permanent. We conclude that each of these three inhibitors has unique important functions and therefore suggest that the effectiveness of negative signaling in B cell immune regulation will depend on the combinations of specific inhibitors modulating a specific activation program.     

球囊导管损伤后早期动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖

目的：研究动脉硬化早期中膜与内膜平滑肌细胞的增殖。方法：球囊导管损伤大鼠的颈总动脉后在电镜和光镜下观察其形态和生化指标变化。结果：术后24h 5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶尿苷阳性平滑肌细胞出现,阳性细胞率分别于术后第2,5d出现高峰。术后第2,3d迁移细胞的出现率最高。术后第3d,88.8%迁移细胞增殖细胞核抗原阳性。透射电子显微镜下,术后第3d中膜平滑肌细胞特别是内层的为合成型,并且与细胞外基质连接稀疏,基底膜、胶原纤维和弹性纤维被消失。结论：动脉损伤后,中膜平滑肌细胞呈高增殖性,由收缩型转变为合成型,与细胞外基质的结合性降低,中膜弹性纤维、胶原纤维被消化,增生活跃的细胞向内膜的迁移性增高。迁移至内膜的平滑肌细胞呈高增殖性。